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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 13
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 14
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 15
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 16
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 17
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 18
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 19
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 24
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`D4FH@& (The Uruguay Round, 1995; South Letter; Third World Network, Third
World Economics; Declaration of NGOs, UNCTAD-IX, 1996; Réseau des ONG
européen sur les questions agro-alimentaires et le développement (RONGEAD),
GATT Briefing: Sur la propriété intellectuelle et le commerce international;
Consumer Unity and Trust Society, The Freezing Effect; Rural Advancement
Foundation International and Genetic Resources Action International):
")
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 25
4>&,FH4P44, BD4 @HFJHFH&44 8"84N-:4$@ BD"&4:, 8@H@DZ, <@(:4 $Z BD,*@H&D"H4H\
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(@FJ*"DFH&,>>@(@ 8@>HD@:b >"* *,bH,:\>@FH\` H"84N BD,*BD4bH46 (South Letter, 1993/94;
GATT Briefing: Sur la propriété intellectuelle et le Commerce international,
1990; The Freezing Effect, 1996; Declaration of NGOs, UNCTAD-IX, 1996;
Third World Economics, September 1994, January 1996);
b)
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@D(">42"P44. A,D,*"R" B@* 8@>HD@:\ %G? &@BD@F@&, >"BDb<J` >, F&b2">>ZN F H@D(@&:,6,
>@ @H>@FbV4NFb 8 8"H,(@D44 BD@$:,<, 4<,`V4N 8 >,6 @H>@T,>4,, <@0,H B@FH"&4H\ B@*
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>"N@*bV4,Fb B@* 4N `D4F*48P4,6 (South Letter, 1992/93 and 1993/94; Third World
Economics, September 1994 and January 1996; World Wildlife Fund, The UN
Biodiversity Convention and the WTO TRIPs Agreement by James Cameron and Zen
Makuch);
F)
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$@:\TJ` @$,FB@8@,>>@FH\ B@ B@&@*J H@(@, RH@ @FJV,FH&:,>4, E@(:"T,>4b B@ G!A3E <@0,H
BD4&,FH4 8 &&,*,>4` F4FH,<Z @$b2"H,:\>@(@ B"H,>H@&">4b (4:4 4>ZN L@D< 2"V4HZ
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%G?. (The Uruguay Round, 1995; South Letter, 1993/94 and 1995; Third World
Economics, September 1994, July 1995; GATT Briefing: Sur la propriété
intellectuelle et le commerce international, 1990; Rural Advancement
Foundation International; Genetic Resources Action Inbternational; World
Wildlife Found, The UN Biodiversity Convention and the WTO TRIPs Agreement by
James Cameron and Zen Makuch).
E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 26
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 27
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 28
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 29
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 30
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 32
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 34
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 35
IFH"&" ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 4 BD4>P4B@& <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ BD"&", >@ 4
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 36
E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 37
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E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 38
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F,8H@D@& 4 <,FH>ZN BD,*BD4bH46, " H"80, 4>&":4*@& 4 Jb2&4<ZN (DJBB ">" D"&>@BD"&>@6
@F>@&," (BJ>8HZ 32 b) 4 51 f)). % N@*, (:@$":\>@6 8@>FJ:\H"P44 B@ &@BD@FJ @ BD"&,
>" D"2&4H4, H"80, B@*R,D84&":@F\, RH@ "<,DZ, D"2D"$@H">>Z, *:b F@*,6FH&4b
@FJV,FH&:,>4` BD"&" >" D"2&4H4,, *@:0>Z $ZH\ F@FD,*@H@R,>Z >" *,<@8D"H4R,F8@<
BD,@$D"2@&">44 FJV,FH&J`V,6 B@:4H4R,F8@6, ^8@>@<4R,F8@6 4 F@P4":\>@6 B@:4H484 4
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123. =" <,0*J>"D@*>@< JD@&>, ),8:"D"P4b @ BD"&, >" D"2&4H4, BD42Z&",H (@FJ*"DFH&"
"F@*,6FH&@&"H\ JFH">@&:,>4` >@&@(@ <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ ^8@>@<4R,F8@(@ B@Db*8", @F>@&">>@(@
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&2b:@ >" F,$b @$b2"H,:\FH&@ F@*,6FH&@&"H\ @FJV,FH&:,>4` BD"&" >" D"2&4H4, BJH,<, &
R"FH>@FH4, JFH">@&:,>4b "D"&>@BD"&>ZN ^8@>@<4R,F84N @H>@T,>46 4 $:"(@BD4bH>@(@
^8@>@<4R,F8@(@ 8:4<"H" >" <,0*J>"D@*>@< JD@&>," (BJ>8H 15 c)).
124. ?D(">Z, 2">4<"`V4,Fb BD"&"<4 R,:@&,8", @$D"V"`H &>4<">4, >" H@, 8"84<
@$D"2@< (:@$":42"P4b ^8@>@<484, & R"FH>@FH4 & D,2J:\H"H, BD4>bH4b BD@(D"<< FHDJ8HJD>@6
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D"2&4&"`V4NFb FHD">, & B:">, D"2D"$@H84 F@P4":\>@6, ^8@>@<4R,F8@6, 8D,*4H>@6 4
L4>">F@&@6 B@:4H484 & 4>H,D,F"N *@FH40,>4b F&@4N ^8@>@<4R,F84N 4 F@P4":\>ZN P,:,6.
G"80, &Z*&4(",HFb "D(J<,>H @ H@<, RH@ F@(:"T,>4, @ F@2*">44 %F,<4D>@6 H@D(@&@6
E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 44
@D(">42"P44 <@0,H J&,:4R4H\ FJV,FH&J`V,, >,D"&,>FH&@ & D,2J:\H"H, @$@FHD,>4b
8@>8JD,>P44 4 B@&ZT,>4b 8@>P,>HD"P44. ]H@ & F&@` @R,D,*\ BD4&,*,H 8 J&,:4R,>4`
2"*@:0,>>@FH4, >,D"&>@BD"&>@<J JR"FH4` & <,0*J>"D@*>@6 H@D(@&:,, "8H4&424DJ,H BD@P,FF
B,D,8"R84 D,FJDF@& F _(" >" E,&,D 4 BD4&,*,H 8 >,D"&>@<,D>@<J D"2&4H4` >"
>"P4@>":\>@<, D,(4@>":\>@< 4 <,0*J>"D@*>@< JD@&>bN 46/. C"$@R"b (DJBB" B@ BD"&J >"
D"2&4H4, >" F&@,6 &H@D@6 F,FF44 @H<,R":", RH@, B@F8@:\8J BD4>bH4, >@&ZN BD"&4:,
D,(J:4DJ`V4N <,0*J>"D@*>Z, H@D(@&Z, @H>@T,>4b, F"<@ B@ F,$, >, <@0,H 2"V4H4H\
4>H,D,FZ D"2&4&"`V4NFb FHD">, >,@$N@*4<@ BD,*BD4>bH\ JF4:4b *:b @$,FB,R,>4b H@(@,
RH@$Z & D,2J:\H"H, BD4>bH4b >@&ZN BD"&4:, D,(J:4DJ`V4N <,0*J>"D@*>Z, H@D(@&Z,
@H>@T,>4b, D"2&4&"`V4,Fb FHD">Z >, @FH":4F\ & FH@D@>, (E/CN.4/1995/11, BJ>8H 91).
E>@F84
1/
!JD,:4J 7D4FH,F8J, AD"&@ >"D@*@& >" F"<@@BD,*,:,>4,: 4FH@D4R,F8@, 4
F@&D,<,>>@, D"2&4H4, >" @F>@&, *@8J<,>H@& ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 (32*">4,
?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46, & BD@*"0, B@* >@<,D@< R.80.XIV.3), BJ>8H 653.
2/
AD@&@2(:"T,>" ',>,D":\>@6 8@>L,D,>P4,6 ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 B@
&@BD@F"< @$D"2@&">4b, >"J84 4 8J:\HJDZ >" ,, R,HZD>"*P"H@6 F,FF44, 1966 (@*.
3/
7D4FH,F8J, J8"2. F@R., BJ>8HZ 584, 650 4 654.
4/
C,2@:`P4b 41/128 ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,4 @H 4 *,8"$Db 1986 (@*".
5/
C,2@:`P4b 2542 (XXIV) ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,4 @H 11 *,8"$Db 1969 (@*".
6/
C,2@:`P4b 3281 (XXIX) ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,4 @H 12 *,8"$Db 1974 (@*".
7/
]8H@D 'D@F ]FB\,:\, AD"&@ >" F"<@@BD,*,:,>4, (32*">4, ?D(">42"P44
?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46, & BD@*"0, B@* >@<,D@< R.79.XIV.5), BJ>8H 136.
8/
C,2@:`P4b 3201 (S-VI) ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,4 @H 1 <"b 1974 (@*".
9/
E/C.10/1992/5, BJ>8HZ 8, 11, 12.
10/ P. Muchlinski, Multinational Enterprises and the Law, Oxford,
Blackwell, 1995, p. 432.
11/
7D4FH,F8J, J8"2. F@R., BJ>8H 358 c).
12/
Muchlinski, op. cit., p. 428.
E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 45
13/ WHO Task Force on Health Economics, Health Economics, WTO:
in it for WHO? WHO/TFHE/95.5, p. 33.
What’s
14/ South Centre, "The Uruguay Round Intellectual Property Rights
Regime: Implications for Developing Countries". Paper prepared for the
Eleventh Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (Cartagena, 18-20 October 1995).
15/
Ibid.
16/
Ibid. E<. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1995/26, BJ>8H 23.
17/
FAO, AGROSTAT Database on Food Balance Sheets (Intzake), 1991.
18/ % $"2J *">>ZN ;KCE &8:`R,>" 4>L@D<"P4b @ B"H,>H"N, &Z*">>ZN IBD"&:,>4,<
E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& B@ &@BD@F"< B"H,>H@& 4 H@D(@&ZN <"D@8 & B,D4@* F 1985 (@*" B@
4`:\ 1995 (@*".
19/
C,2@:`P4b 3202 (S-VI) ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,4 @H 1 <"b 1974 (@*".
20/ E/CONF.65/20 (32*">4, ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46, & BD@*"0, B@*
>@<,D@< R.75 II.A.3), (:"&" V. AD4>bH" %F,<4D>@6 BD@*@&@:\FH&,>>@6 8@>L,D,>P4,6
(C4<, 5-16 >@b$Db 1974 (@*"), 8@H@D"b $Z:" F@2&">" & F@@H&,HFH&44 F
D,2@:`P4,6 3180 (XXVIII) ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,4. ]H" ),8:"D"P4b $Z:" @*@$D,>"
',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,,6 & D,2@:`P44 3348 (XXIX) @H 17 *,8"$Db 1974 (@*".
21/
7D4FH,F8J, J8"2. F@R., BJ>8H 671.
22/
E/C.10/1992/8, BJ>8H 24.
23/
G"< 0,, BJ>8H 18.
24/ World Bank, Report to the Development Committee and Guidelines on
the Treatment of Foreign Direct Investment, in Legal Framework for the
Treatment of Foreign Direct Investment, vol. II, 1992.
25/ UNCTAD, World Investment Report 1994 (United Nations publication,
Sales No. E.94.II.A.14, chap. VII, Box VII.1, p. 280).
26/ ]H4 &@BD@FZ D"FF<"HD4&":4F\ & FBD"&@R>@< *@8J<,>H,, BD,*FH"&:,>>@<
A@*8@<4FF44 >" ,, BD,*Z*JV,6 F,FF44 (E/CN.4/Sub.2/1995/11).
27/
E/C.10/1992/8, BJ>8H 34.
28/
UNCTAD, op. cit., p. 313.
E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 46
29/ E<. C,(4@>":\>Z, 4 >"P4@>":\>Z, "FB,8HZ BD"&" >" D"2&4H4,:
',>,D":\>@(@ F,8D,H"Db (E/CN.4/1421), 1980 (@*.
30/
4FF:,*@&">4,
E<. E/1990/94, D"2*,: "I&"0,>4, BD"& R,:@&,8" 4 @F>@&>ZN F&@$@*", FHD. 7.
31/ )@8:"* 7@>L,D,>P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 B@ @8DJ0"`V,6 FD,*, 4 D"2&4H4`
(C4@-*,-/">,6D@, 3-14 4`>b 1992 (@*"), H@<. I (32*">4, ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN
="P46, & BD@*"0, B@* >@<,D@< R.93.I.8), A@&,FH8" *>b >" XXI &,8, (:"&" 30,
BJ>8H 30.1.
32/
TD/CODE TOT/55, BJ>8HZ v 4 93.
33/
C,2@:`P4b 2625 (XXV) ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,4 @H 24 @8Hb$Db 1970 (@*".
34/ Raúl Ferrero, The New International Economic Order and the Promotion
of Human Rights (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.85.XIV.6),
para. 286.
35/ E<. *@8:"*Z C"$@R,6 (DJBBZ B@ BD"&J >" D"2&4H4, @ D"$@H, ,, &H@D@6 4
HD,H\,6 F,FF44, J8"2. F@R., BJ>8HZ 50, 57, 91 4 94 4 BJ>8H 78, F@@H&,HFH&,>>@.
E<. H"80, ). G`D8, %H@D@6 *@8:"* @ N@*, D,":42"P44 ^8@>@<4R,F84N, F@P4":\>ZN 4
8J:\HJD>ZN BD"& (E/CN.4/Sub.2/1991/17).
36/
G"< 0,, BJ>8H 656.
37/
G"< 0,, BJ>8H 662.
38/ Address of the Secretary-General to the World Economic Forum,
SG/SM/95/15.
39/
C,2@:`P4b 3384 (XXX) ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,4 @H 10 >@b$Db 1975 (@*".
40/ Report of the Global Consultation of the Right to Development as a
Human Right, (Geneva, January 1990) (HR/PUB/91/2), para. 155 4 *@8:"* C"$@R,6
(DJBBZ B@ BD"&J >" D"2&4H4, @ D"$@H, ,, HD,H\,6 F,FF44 (E/CN.4/1995/27),
BJ>8HZ 76 4 77.
41/
7D4FH,F8J, J8"2. F@R., BJ>8H 638.
42/
G"< 0,, BJ>8H 639.
43/
G"< 0,, BJ>8H 663.
E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/12
page 47
44/
FH"H\4 I.
45/
),8:"D"P4b @ BD4>P4B"N <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ F@HDJ*>4R,FH&", J8"2. F@R., BJ>8H 3
Report of the Global Consultation, op. cit., para. 149.
46/ E<. *@8:"*Z C"$@R,6 (DJBBZ B@ BD"&J >" D"2&4H4, @ D"$@H, ,, B,D&@6, &H@D@6
4 HD,H\,6 F,FF46 (E/CN.4/1994/21 4 Corr.1 4 2, E/CN.4/1995/11 4 E/CN.4/1995/27).
----