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ki_dljm YFJ ijhba\_klb hlg_k_gb_ qZklhl k dhhj^bgZlZfb dZ`^h]hwe_f_glZh[t_fZ Jbk FZ]gblgh-j_ahgZgkgh_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ PFLK F=M Ke_\Z — YFJki_dljhf_lj\ukhdh]hjZaj_r_gby$9$1&(B0 LeF=pêy1G— ^bZf_ljl_ieh]hhl\_jklbykfKijZ\Z—FJ-lhfh]jZnTomikon S50 B0 = 0.5 Le F=p êy 1G k ^bZf_ljhf jZ[hq_]h hl\_jklby kf FZ]gblgh_ ihe_ kha^Z_lkylhdZfbijhl_dZxsbfbihk\_joijh\h^ysbfdZlmrdZf<kyZiiZjZlmjZ ijhba\h^kl\Znbjfu©;jmd_jªNJ= <_ebqbgZ ]jZ^b_glZ G ijb dhlhjhf kqblu\Z_lky kb]gZe YFJ ^he`gZ [ulv^hklZlhqghcqlh[ubaf_g_gb_ihey\ij_^_eZo\hdk_eZ[ueh[hevr_ ^bZiZahgZ obfbq_kdbo k^\b]h\ GZijbf_j êy ihey Le ]^_ ^bZiZahg obfbq_kdbok^\b]h\û ~ 102 =pêyZgZebaZ\hdk_eh\jZaf_jZfbr ffg_ h[oh^bfh ijbf_gblv G > 2û/r ~ fLeM < ihklZ\e_gghc êy PFLK F=Mfh^_ebGfZdk fLefBgl_gkb\ghklvdZ`^hcebgbb\ki_dlj_YFJ ijb^Zgghfkihkh[_j_]bkljZpbbkb]gZeh\ YFJijhihjpbhgZevgZdhebq_ kl\m j_ahgbjmxsboy^_jguokibgh\\ij_^_eZokhhl\_lkl\mxs_]h\hdk_eZ 1.Ijbgpbiuihkljh_gbybfimevkguoihke_^h\Zl_evghkl_c êyFJLkdZgbjh\Zgby Bgl_gkb\ghklvj_]bkljbjm_fuokb]gZeh\\FJLaZ\bkblg_lhevdhhl dhgp_gljZpbbj_ahgbjmxsboy^_jghlZd`_hlj_eZdkZpbhgguooZjZdl_ jbklbdkj_û<j_f_gZj_eZdkZpbbTbTêybkke_^m_fuo`b\uoldZ g_chgbe_`Zl\^bZiZahg_–kfh`gh\uy\blvih^[hjhfaZ^_j`_d\ kdZgbjmxs_cbfimevkghcihke_^h\Zl_evghklbDlZdbfaZ^_j`dZfhlgh =eZ\Z FZ]gblgh-j_ahgZgkgZylhfh]jZnby dZdnbabq_kdbcf_lh^bkke_^h\Zgby15 kylky \j_fy ih\lhj_gby pbdeZ kdZgbjh\Zgby TR (Time of Repetition b \j_fyaZ^_j`dbf_`^m\ha[m`^ZxsbfJQbfimevkhfbgZqZehfkqblu\Z gby kb]gZeZ — TE Ijb fZehc \_ebqbg_ TR (TR < T kibgh\Zy kbkl_fZ ijboh^bl\gZkus_ggh_khklhygb_—hgZg_mki_\Z_liheghklvx\hkklZ gh\blv jZ\gh\_kgh_ agZq_gb_ ijh^hevghc gZfZ]gbq_gghklb qlh kgb`Z_l ihl_gpbZevgu_ \hafh`ghklb êy nhjfbjh\Zgby fZdkbfZevgh]h agZq_gby ihi_j_qghc gZfZ]gbq_gghklb < j_amevlZl_ q_f [hevr_ T l_f keZ[__ FJL-kb]gZeijbaZ^ZgghfTR<k\hxhq_j_^vijb[hevrhc\_ebqbg_TE kbevg__aZlmoZ_lkb]gZehlkibgh\kdhjhldbfTba-aZjZknZabjh\dbih i_j_qghcgZfZ]gbq_gghklbdhlhjZyg_ihkj_^kl\_gghhij_^_ey_lkb]gZe\ ijb_fghc dZlmrd_ :gZebabjmy 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ij_^klZ\e_gZk\_leuf^hklZlhqghh^ghjh^gufnhghfGZwlhfnhg_oh jhrh \bamZebabjmxlky mqZkldb kgb`_gby kb]gZeZ h[mkeh\e_ggu_ hleh `_gb_f]_fhkb^_jbgZ\ahg_bgkmevlZjbk H^ghjh^guc k\_leuc nhg ihemqZ_fuc gZ T<B ohjhrh ihôh^bl êy \bamZebaZpbb djh\_ghkguo khkm^h\ b \uy\e_gby khkm^bklhc iZlheh ]bbihkdhevdm^\b`msZyky`b^dhklvgZlZdbobah[jZ`_gbyoij_^klZ\e_ gZgbadbfkb]gZehf WlZ b^_y gZreZ ijbf_g_gb_ ijb jZajZ[hld_ f_lh^Z ©q_jghc djh\bª (black blood >ey lhfh]jZnZ Le ijb_fe_fu_ j_amevlZlu hl ijbf_g_ gby ^Zgghc f_lh^bdb ihemqZxlky ijb aZ^Zgbb iZjZf_ljh\ D-kdZgbjmxs_cbfimevkghcihke_^h\Zl_evghklbkibgh\h]hwoh]^_TR k TE av kjbk =eZ\Z 38 MijZ\e_gb_FJL-dhgljZklhfijblbih\hfbkke_^h\Zgbb 39 [he__ [ukljhfm \hkklZgh\e_gbx jZ\gh\_kghc gZfZ]gbq_gghklb ijb kdZ gbjh\Zgbbb\j_amevlZl_dih\ur_gbxkb]gZeZgZT<BKe_^m_lmqb lu\Zlvqlhg_dhlhju_ghjfZevgu_ldZgb—`bjh\ZyldZgv\_s_kl\h]b ihnbaZbg_dhlhju_^jm]b_lZd`_kihkh[gugZdZieb\ZlvdhgljZklgh_\_ s_kl\hqlhbgh]^ZaZljm^gy_lbgl_jij_lZpbxwdki_jbf_glZ Wnn_dl khdjZs_gby \j_f_gb T kihkh[_g \hagbdgmlvlZd`_hlmihl j_[e_gbye_dZjkl\bebgZjdhlbdh\kh^_j`ZsboiZjZfZ]gblgu_^h[Z\dbb kihkh[guogZdZieb\Zlvky\hij_^_e_gguoahgZo]heh\gh]hfha]Zjbk Jbk<bamZebaZpbykhkm^h\ijbZjl_jbh-\_ghaghcfZevnhjfZpbbf_lh^hfDTOF —ke_\Zbf_lh^hf©q_jghcdjh\bª—\p_glj_bkijZ\ZKe_\Zb\p_glj_— kZ]bllZevgZyke_\Z—ZdkbZevgZyijh_dpbb<EYjguo] <bamZebaZpbyiZlheh]bc^Zxsboih\ur_gb_ FJL-kb]gZeZ >Ze__\hkgh\ghf[m^_ljZkkfZljb\Zlvkyijh[e_fZ\bamZebaZpbbiZ lheh]bq_kdboldZg_\uobaf_g_gbcdhlhju_^Zxlih\ur_gb_kb]gZeZWlb baf_g_gbym^h[ghgZ[ex^ZlvgZFJL-bah[jZ`_gbyo]^_ghjfZevgu_ldZ gb ij_^klZ\e_gu kgb`_gguf kb]gZehf—l_fgufnhghfIhemq_gb_lZ dh]hnhgZaZkq_lih^Z\e_gbykb]gZeh\hlghjfZevghcldZgbijbkhojZg_ gbbkb]gZeZhliZlheh]bb—keh`gZyaZ^ZqZihwlhfmh[uqghijZdlbdm_l ky ih^Z\e_gb_ kb]gZeh\ hl hl^_evguo ghjfZevguo ldZg_\uo dhfihg_gl Wlh gZb[he__ ZdlmZevgh êy ldZg_c kh^_j`Zsbo `bj beb g_k\yaZggmx \h^mIjbf_gbl_evghdkljmdlmjZf]heh\gh]hfha]Zfh`ghhlf_lblvqlh `bjh\Zy ldZgv kh^_j`blky \ ih^dh`ghc h[eZklb djZgbh-\_jl_[jZevghf i_j_oh^_ hj[blZo K\h[h^gZy g_k\yaZggZy `b^dhklv gZoh^blky \ `_em ^hqdZofha]Z]eZaguoy[ehdZoaZihegy_lkm[ZjZoghb^Zevgu_ijhkljZgkl \Zb[hjhaû LZdb_ ldZgb \u]ey^yl ba[ulhqgh yjdbfb gZ FJL-bah[jZ`_gbyo ijb klZg^Zjlguoj_`bfZokdZgbjh\Zgbyhkh[_gghgZT<Bba-aZq_]hkeh`gh \uy\blv \ZjbZpbb dhgljZklZ êy iZlheh]bq_kdbo baf_g_gbc ij_^klZ\ eyxsbo^bZ]ghklbq_kdbcbgl_j_kIh^Z\e_gb_ohly[uh^gh]hdhfihg_g lZmijhsZ_lj_r_gb_aZ^Zqbh^bnn_j_gpbZpbbiZlheh]bq_kdh]hh[jZah \Zgby <ha^_ckl\b_iZjZfZ]gblguo\_s_kl\gZbaf_g_gb_ FJL-dhgljZklZ Ih\ur_gb_FJL-kb]gZeZ\h[eZklbiZlheh]bbfh`ghkijh\hpbjh\Zlv iml_f \gmljb\_ggh]h \\_^_gby iZjZfZ]gblgh]h dhgljZklbjmxs_]h \_s_ kl\Z—h[uqghgZhkgh\_bhgh\]Z^hebgbyGd +GZdhie_gb_iZjZfZ]g_lb dZ\ahg_iZlheh]bbijb\h^bldkhdjZs_gbx\j_f_gbj_eZdkZpbbTl_d Jbk Lhdkbq_kdZywgp_nZehiZlbyijbgZjdhfZgbbhljZ\e_gb_kheyfbfZj]Zg pZba-aZ\gmljb\_ggh]h\\_^_gbykf_kb\dexqZxs_cKMnO4lg©fmevdbªAb B —dhjhgZjgZybkZ]bllZevgZyijh_dpbbêyT<B-GE^hgZqZeZe_q_gbyhlgZj dhfZgbbC, D —ZgZeh]bqgu_FJL-bah[jZ`_gbyq_j_abf_kyp_\ihke_ij_ djZs_gbymihlj_[e_gbygZjdhlbdZBhgufZj]ZgpZgZdZieb\Zxlky\ih^dhj dh\uo maeZo qlh ijb\h^bl d mf_gvr_gbx \ wlboahgZo\_ebqbguTbke_^h\Z l_evghdih\ur_gbxkb]gZeZgZT<BbaZf_lghfmkgb`_gbxkb]gZeZgZT<B Ife Jbk Baf_g_gb_ dZjlbgu ldZg_\h]h dhgljZklZ ijb \\_^_gbb dhgljZklgh]h \_ s_kl\Z\f_ìha\hghqgu_^bkdbL4-bL3-4. A-T2<B, B — T1<B GE, C — T1<B SE DhgljZklgh_\_s_kl\hfh`_l[ulv\\_^_ghg_lhevdhq_j_adjh\vghb g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh\bkke_^m_fmxldZgvLZdhckihkh[\bamZebaZpbbfh`_l hdZaZlvky ihe_aguf gZijbf_j ijb hlke_`b\Zgbb baf_g_gbc \ f_ìh a\hgdh\uo^bkdZojbk =eZ\Z 40 MijZ\e_gb_FJL-dhgljZklhfijblbih\hfbkke_^h\Zgbb 41 AZ^Zgb_iZjZf_ljh\kdZgbjmxs_cbfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklbêy^bnn_j_gpbZpbbldZg_c ih\j_f_gZfj_eZdkZpbb Ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\hlghjfZevguokljmdlmjêyemqr_c\bamZebaZ pbb b ^bnn_j_gpbZpbb iZlheh]bq_kdbo ldZg_c rbjhdh ijbf_gy_lky ijb FJL-bkke_^h\Zgbyo Ijhkl_crbf kihkh[hf ih^Z\e_gby g_`_eZl_evguo êyj_]bkljZpbbldZg_cy\ey_lkyhkh[h_aZ^Zgb_aZ^_j`_dTEbTR\kdZ gbjmxs_c bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb jZ[hlZxs_c gZ hkgh\_ f_ lh^Z ©gZkus_gb_-\hkklZgh\e_gb_ª MdZaZggu_ aZ^_j`db hij_^_eyxl dhgljZklFJL-bah[jZ`_gby\aZ\bkbfhklbhl\j_f_gihi_j_qghcTb ijh^hevghc T j_eZdkZpbb GZijbf_j êy f_lh^bdb ©kibgh\h_ woh» kb]gZe S hij_^_ey_lky kh]eZkgh nhjfme_ S = !K[1 – exp[– (TR + TE)/T1]exp) – TE/T@]^_! —ijhlhggZyiehlghklvKmqblu\Z_l\eby gb_^jm]bonZdlhjh\ihlhd^bnnmabyi_jnmabybli 2<bamZebaZpbyldZg_ckdhjhldbfb\j_f_gZfbj_eZdkZpbb Ihkdhevdmijb\u[jZgghc\_ebqbg_TRhkgh\ghc\deZ^^Zxlebrvl_ ldZgbmdhlhjuoT1 < TRlhmf_gvrZyTRfh`gh^h[blvkyj_]bkljZpbb ldZg_c lhevdh k dhjhldbfb T < ij_^_evghf kemqZ_ TR << T gZ FJLbah[jZ`_gbbhkh[_ggh\u^_eyxlkykb]gZeuhl^\b`ms_cky`b^dhklb— djh\b beb kibggh-fha]h\hc `b^dhklb ihkdhevdm ba-aZ fZeh]h \j_f_gb ij_[u\ZgbyqZklbp`b^dhklb\\ha[m`^Z_fhfkeh_g_ijhbkoh^blbogZ kus_gby \ha[m`^Zxsbf JQ-ihe_f Ihemq_ggu_ ^Zggu_ hl ihkj_ah\h]h kdZgbjh\Zgbyfh`ghbkihevah\Zlvêyh[t_fghc\bamZebaZpbbkhkm^h\— f_lh^hfijh_dpbbfZdkbfZevghcbgl_gkb\ghklb— MIP (Maximum Intensity ProjectionZihke_bgl_jiheypbhgghch[jZ[hldbbh[t_fghcj_dhgkl jmdpbbkhll_g_gb_fih\_joghkl_c— 3D-j_g^_jbg]Zjbk >hihegbl_evgu_ \hafh`ghklb êy ih^Z\e_gby kb]gZeh\ hl ldZg_c k [hevrbfb \j_f_gZfb j_eZdkZpbb k\yaZgu k bkihevah\Zgb_f wnn_dlZ i_ j_ghkZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklb MTC — Magnetization Transfer Contrast [21, 22]. Wlhlwnn_dl\hagbdZ_l\kj_^_kh^_j`Zs_cfZdjhfhe_dmeuijbg_j_ah gZgkghf gZkus_gbb ijhlhgh\ k\yaZgghc \hû kihkh[ghc h[f_gb\Zlvky ijhlhgZfbhlk\h[h^ghc`b^dhklbIjbf_g_gb_f_lh^bdhkgh\ZgguogZ wlhf wnn_dl_ h gbo ih^jh[g__ baeh`_gh \ ]eZ\_ iha\hey_l ijh\_klb hqZ]h\mx ^bnn_j_gpbZpbx jy^Z iZlheh]bc \ qZklghklb ahg ^_fb_ebgb aZpbb ijb jZkk_ygghf kde_jha_ < jZfdZo MTC-wnn_dlZ baf_g_gb_ kgb `_gb_FJL-kb]gZeZhlijhlhgh\g_k\yaZgghc\hûfZehbh[uqghh[gZ jm`b\Z_lky ebrv ijb \uqblZgbb bah[jZ`_gbc ihemq_gguo ^h b ihke_ \ha^_ckl\bygZkusZxs_]hJQiheyH^gZdh\g_dhlhjuokemqZyogZijb f_j ijb bamq_gbb djh\hlhdZ f_lh^Zfb FJL-Zg]bh]jZnbb MTC-wnn_dl kihkh[kl\m_lemqr_cFJL-\bamZebaZpbb Jbk <bamZebaZpby djh\_ghkguo khkm^h\ ]heh\u k bkihevah\Zgb_f FJL-Zg]bh]jZnbq_kdbof_lh^bd<_jogbcjy^—ijbf_g_gb_f_lh^bdbD-TOF GE (TR = 33 fkTE fkFA = 30º). :—Zjl_jbb<beebab_\Zdjm]ZMIP–j_dhgkljmdpby<C, D — p_j_[jZevgu_ Zjl_jbb B — bah[jZ`_gb_ hl^_evgh]h kj_aZ C — MIPj_dhgkljmdpby D — 3D-j_g^_jbg] : f e Gb`gbc jy^ — MIPj_dhgkljmdpbbêyf_lh^bdbD-TOF GE (E, FbnZahdhgljZklgZyZg]bh]jZnbyG, H). 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JbkKe_\Z—FJL-bah[jZ`_gby^\_ijh_dpbbaZi_qZlZgghc_fdhklbkh^_j `Zs_cwlZghek^h[Z\e_gb_f\hûKijZ\Zki_dljYFJhlkf3wlh]h\_s_kl\Z MijZ\e_gb_FJL-dhgljZklhfijblbih\hfbkke_^h\Zgbb 51 Ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\ghjfZevghcldZgb f_lh^hf©bg\_jkby–\hkklZgh\e_gb_ª :evl_jgZlb\hc qZklhlgh-k_e_dlb\guf kihkh[Zfih^Z\e_gbykb]gZeh\ \hûb`bjZy\eyxlkyf_lh^bdbihkljh_ggu_gZbkihevah\Zgbbwnn_dlZ ©bg\_jkby-\hkklZgh\e_gb_ª>@>eywlh]h\gZqZehkdZgbjmxs_cbf imevkghcihke_^h\Zl_evghklb^h[Z\ey_lkyJQbfimevki_j_\h^ysbckib gh\mx kbkl_fm ba jZ\gh\_kgh]h khklhygby \ bg\_jkgh_ ihke_q_]hgZqb gZ_lky __ h[jZlgh_ \hkklZgh\e_gb_ Ihkdhevdm kdhjhklv \hkklZgh\e_gby hij_^_ey_lky \j_f_g_f ijh^hevghc j_eZdkZpbb T dhlhjh_ jZaebqZ_lky êy jZaguo ldZg_c lh i_j_^ kqblu\Zgb_f kb]gZeZ ^h[Z\ey_lky iZmaZ TI lZdqlh[ukqblu\Zgb_gZqZehkv\fhf_gli_j_oh^Zijh^hevghcgZfZ]gb q_gghklb ldZgb k aZjZg__ hij_^_e_gguf \j_f_g_f T q_j_a gmev Ih kdhevdmj_eZdkZpbyijhl_dZ_lihwdkihg_gpbZevghfmaZdhgmlhêyi_j_ oh^ZgZfZ]gbq_gghklbhliheghcbg\_jkbbdgmexg_h[oh^bfhaZ^ZlvTI = T1ln2 = 0.69.T>eyih^Z\e_gbykb]gZeh\\hûbeb`bjZf_lh^hf©bg\_j kby-\hkklZgh\e_gb_ªmqblu\ZxllhlnZdlqlhbo\j_f_gZj_eZdkZpbbkm s_kl\_gghjZaebqZxlkyLZd\ihe_Le\j_fyTêy`bjZkhklZ\ey_l ihjy^dZ k Z êy \hû — hl h^ghc ^h g_kdhevdbo k_dmg^ Khhl\_lkl \mxsb_f_lh^bdbih^Z\e_gbykb]gZeh\`bjZb\hûba\_klguih^Z[[j_ \bZlmjZfbSTIR (Short TI Inversion RecoverybFLAIR (Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery<gZklhys__\j_fyj_`bfFLAIR\k_qZs_\dexqZ_lky\ klZg^Zjlgh_ bkke_^h\Zgb_ êy ^bnn_j_gpbZpbb f_edbo dbkl hl mqZkldh\ ]ebZevghcljZgknhjfZpbbDjhf_lh]h\j_`bf_FLAIRq_ldhhij_^_ey xlky]jZgbpu`_em^hqdh\fha]ZbkiZcdb_keblZdh\u_bf_xlky\gmljb gbojbk JbkKi_dljuYFJbbobgl_]jZeuêyghjfZevgh]hiha\hgdZke_\Zbiha\hg dZ\klZ^bb^_]_g_jZpbbkijZ\Z GZki_dlj_YFJibdbhlkb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZe_`Zlkhhl\_lkl\_ggh \h[eZklbb–fÊhdZebaZpbyj_]bkljbjm_fuoh[t_fh\h[hagZq_gZ gZFJL-bah[jZ`_gbbd\Z^jZlbdZfbp_gljZevgucnjZ]f_gljbkmgdZKh hlghr_gb_bgl_]jZeh\iha\hey_lhp_gblvhlghkbl_evgh_kh^_j`Zgb_\hû b`bjZ\iha\hgdZo Jbk Ijbf_g_gb_ j_`bfZ FLAIR êy \uy\e_gby dbkl —- (B b \uy\e_gby kiZcdb\gmljbaZ^g_]hjh]Ze_\h]h`_em^hqdZ— (DGZjbkAbDij_^klZ\e_gu khhl\_lkl\mxsb_T<B =eZ\Z 52 Ijb FJL-kdZgbjh\Zgbb ih fgh]hkj_ah\hc f_lh^bd_ ijbf_g_gb_ f_ lh^h\©bg\_jkby-\hkklZgh\e_gb_ªg_ijb\h^bldkms_kl\_gghfmm\_ebq_ gbx \j_f_gb kdZgbjh\Zgby ihkdhevdm \h \j_fy iZmau hl\_^_gghc gZ \hkklZgh\e_gb_ijh^hevghcgZfZ]gbq_gghklbkdZgbjm_fh]hkj_aZijh\h ^blky kdZgbjh\Zgb_ khk_^gbo kj_ah\ Wlh \hafh`gh ihkdhevdm JQ bf imevku \ha[m`^Zxsb_ kj_au qZklhlgh-k_e_dlb\gu_ >hihegbl_evgu_ j_a_j\u\khdjZs_gbb\j_f_gbkdZgbjh\Zgbyfh`ghgZclb\bkihevah\Z gbbêybg\_jkbbgZfZ]gbq_gghklbg_Z[he__dhjhldbogZijbf_j bfimevkh\ — q_f f_gvr_ m]he hldehg_gby gZfZ]gbq_gghklb l_f f_gvr_\j_f_gblj_[m_lkyêy__h[jZlgh]h\hkklZgh\e_gby>@H^gZdh \ wlhf kemqZ_ ihlj_[m_lky ijbgylv f_ju d ih^Z\e_gbx g_`_eZl_evghc ihi_j_qghc gZfZ]gbq_gghklb gZijbf_j k ihfhsvx ^hihegbl_evgh]h ]jZ^b_glgh]hbfimevkZ Bkihevah\Zgb_f_lh^bdbSTIR\ijZdlbd_FJLbkke_^h\Zgby F_lh^ STIR >@ qZklh ijbf_gy_lky ijb bkke_^h\Zgbb ijb^Zlhqguo iZamo êy \uy\e_gby ^_jfhb^guo dbkl jbk `bjh\uo h[jZah\Zgbc ebihf jbk êy ^bnn_j_gpbZpbb baf_g_gbc \ dhklghc ldZgb gZ ijbf_j \ \bkhqghc dhklb F_lh^ qZklh ijbf_gy_lky ijb bkke_^h\Zgbb iha\hghqgbdZ[jxrghcihehklbfZeh]hlZaZkmklZ\h\ Jbk. <uy\e_gb_^_jfhb^ghcdbkluA — T<B—\ahg_f_`^mkl\hehffha]Z bfha`_qdhf\uy\ey_lkyahgZbaf_g_ggh]hkb]gZeZB — FLAIR —ahgZiZlheh]bb \u]ey^blyjq_ba-aZih^Z\e_gbyyjdbonhgh\uokb]gZeh\hlk\h[h^ghc`b^dhklb C — STIR —aZf_lgh_kgb`_gb_kb]gZeZ\ahg_iZlheh]bb\wlhfj_`bf_mdZau\Z _lgZ\ukhdh_kh^_j`Zgb_`bjZ\wlhcahg_qlhoZjZdl_jghêy^_jfhb^ghcdbklu MijZ\e_gb_FJL-dhgljZklhfijblbih\hfbkke_^h\Zgbb 53 Jbk <uy\e_gb_ ebihfu A — 3D-j_g^_jbg] ih bgl_jihebjh\Zgguf kZ]bl lZevgufkj_aZfhlT1GE. C —h[jZah\Zgb_\eh[gh-l_f_gghch[eZklbbf__lyjdbc kb]gZeqlhoZjZdl_jghêyldZg_ckdhjhldbf\j_f_g_fT1. D —\j_`bf_STIRT2 (TI fkaZf_lghkgb`_gb_kb]gZeZ\ahg_iZlheh]bbqlhmdZau\Z_lgZ\u khdh_kh^_j`Zgb_`bjZoZjZdl_jgh_êyebihfu GZ jbk ihdZaZgh ijbf_g_gb_ f_lh^Z STIR êy bkke_^h\Zgby ih a\hghqgbdZGZ7<B\b^gu^\_ahguZghfZevgh]hih\ur_gbykb]gZeZ— ^bkdL5-Sbiha\hghd LGZT<BGEih\ur_gguckb]gZe\b^_glhevdh êy ahgu ^bkdZ L5-S qlh mdZau\Z_l gZ ijbkmlkl\bb \ ijbe_]Zxsbo d ^bkdmiha\hgdZoldZgbkdhjhldbf\j_f_g_fj_eZdkZpbbGZj_`bf_STIR kb]gZehlahgu^bkdZL5-Sgbadbcqlhk\b^_l_evkl\m_lh`bjh\hc^_]_ g_jZpbb\wlhcahg_<lh`_\j_fy\ahg_iha\hgdZLkb]gZeih\ur_g— wlh oZjZdl_jgh êy ldZgb k [hevrbf \j_f_g_f j_eZdkZpbb b y\ey_lky ijbagZdhf \hkiZebl_evgh]h ijhp_kkZ Ihimlgh \ ih^dh`ghf `bjh\hf keh_ \uy\ey_lky `b^dhklv k\yaZggZy k ijh\_^_gb_f h[_a[heb\Zxsbo bgt_dpbc Jbk >bnn_j_gpbZpby \hkiZebl_evguo baf_g_gbc b `bjh\hc ^_]_g_g_jZpbb \iha\hgdZoA — T2<B, B — T1<B GE, C — STIR, D — MYUR 54 =eZ\Z KhihklZ\b\T<BbSTIRgZjbkfh`gh\uy\blvgZebqb_`b^dhklb \ fy]dbo ldZgyo kibgu Z lZd`_ ijbagZdb `bjh\hc ^_]_g_jZpbb \ ahg_ ^bkdZL5-Sb\hkiZebl_evgh]hijhp_kkZ\ahg_iha\hgdZL1. IZjZf_lj TI ijbf_gy_fuc \ f_lh^bd_ STIR ke_^m_l aZ^Z\Zlv k mq_ lhflh]hdZdZydhgdj_lgh`bjh\ZyldZgv^he`gZ[ulvih^Z\e_gZgZFJbah[jZ`_gbbWlhh[klhyl_evkl\hgZ^hbf_lv\\b^mihkdhevdm\g_dhlh juokijZ\hqguoba^Zgbyoijb\h^ylkyj_eZdkZpbhggu_iZjZf_ljuêy`b jh\hcldZgb[_amdZaZgbcgZlhêydZdhcahgubebhj]ZgZwlb^Zggu_ba f_jyebkvGZijbf_j \ qZklh pblbjm_fhc jZ[hl_ >@ êy `bjh\hc ldZgb ijb\h^blkyagZq_gb_T fkihe_Le Wlh^_ckl\bl_evghlZd_kebbf__lky\\b^mldZgv\h[eZklbhj[blqlh fh`gh^hdZaZlvwdki_jbf_glZevghIjbijh\_^_gbbkdZgbjh\Zgbyihf_ lh^bd_STIR]^_TI = 0.69T ofk fkihemqbfbah[jZ `_gb_ ijb\_^_ggh_ gZjbkBIjbwlhffh`ghaZf_lblvqlhih^dh` guc`bj\h[eZklbh[hehq_dfha]Zmki_rg__ih^Z\ey_lkyijbTI fk q_fmkhhl\_lkl\m_lT fk—jbkC. JbkIjbf_g_gb_j_`bfZSTIRkjZaebqgufbiZjZf_ljZfbTIijbbkke_^h\Zgbb ]heh\gh]hfha]ZA — RARE-T2, B — STIR (TI = 80 fk), C — STIR (TI = 147 fk) JbkIjbf_g_gb_j_`bfZSTIRkjZaebqgufbiZjZf_ljZfbTIijbbkke_^h\Z gbbihq_dA — RARE-T2, B — STIR (TI = 80 fk), C — STIR (TI = 147 fk) MijZ\e_gb_FJL-dhgljZklhfijblbih\hfbkke_^h\Zgbb 55 Hkh[_ggh aZf_lgh lh qlh T êy ih^dh`gh]h `bjZ ]hjZa^h [eb`_ d fkq_fdfkijbbkke_^h\Zgbbhj]Zgh\aZ[jxrbggh]hijhkljZg kl\Zjbk<wlhfkemqZ_wnn_dlih^Z\e_gbykb]gZeZih^dh`gh]h`bjZ aZkq_lijbf_g_gbySTIRkiZjZf_ljhfTI fkêyT fkijZd lbq_kdbgbdZdg_\uy\ey_lkyjbkC<lh`_\j_fyêyTI fkT1 fk ih^Z\e_gb_ kb]gZeh\ `bjZ ijhbkoh^bl agZqbl_evgh wnn_dlb\ g__—jbkB. Hlf_lbfqlh\g_dhlhjuokemqZyof_lhôbfk^\b]h\h]hih^Z\e_gby kb]gZeh\ `bjh\hc ldZgb hdZau\Z_lky ij_îhqlbl_evg__ f_lh^bdb STIR. GZijbf_j ijb FJL-bkke_^h\Zgbb k \\_^_gb_f dhgljZklbjmxs_]h iZjZ fZ]gblgh]h \_s_kl\Z < wlhf kemqZ_ \hafh`gh khdjZs_gb_ \j_f_gb j_ eZdkZpbb bkke_^m_fhc ldZgb ^h lZdhc `_ \_ebqbgu dZd b êy `bjh\hc ldZgb b \ j_amevlZl_ ijbf_g_gby f_lh^bdb STIR ihe_aguc kb]gZe hdZ `_lkyih^Z\e_gguf\f_kl_kkb]gZehfhl`bjh\hcldZgb Hkh[_gghklbijbf_g_gbyf_lh^bdbFLAIRêyih^Z\e_gby kb]gZeh\hlk\h[h^ghc`b^dhklb Ijb bkihevah\Zgbb f_lh^Z FLAIR >@ êy bkke_^h\Zgby ]heh\gh]h fha]Z ijhbkoh^bl ih^Z\e_gb_ kb]gZeh\ hl `_em^hqdh\ ]eZaguo y[ehd km[ZjZoghb^ZevguoijhkljZgkl\\dexqZydhjdh\u_[hjhaûBa-aZwlh]h gZ FJL-bah[jZ`_gbyo ij_h[eZ^Zxl mqZkldb agZqbl_evgh]h ihgb`_gby kb]gZeZWlhg_\k_]^Zm^h[ghêyhlke_`b\ZgbykeZ[uo\ZjbZpbcdhgljZ klZ m iZlheh]bq_kdbo ldZg_c jZkiheh`_gguo \ ahg_ j_adh]h baf_g_gby dhgljZklZ < wlhc k\yab êy emqr_c \bamZebaZpbb iZlheh]bq_kdbo baf_ g_gbcfh`ghj_dhf_g^h\Zlvg_ihegh_ZqZklbqgh_ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\ \hû Ih^[hjhf iZjZf_ljZ TI aZ^Z\Z_fuf \ bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_ev ghklb FLAIR fh`gh ^h[blvky \ujZ\gb\Zgby ldZg_\h]h dhgljZklZ êy ghjfZevguoldZg_c:bf_ggh^h[blvkyqlh[udhgljZklkibggh-fha]h\hc `b^dhklb ebd\hjZ kh\iZe k dhgljZklhfeb[h[_eh]heb[hk_jh]h\_s_ kl\Z fha]Z IZjZf_lj TI fh`ghjZkkqblZlvaZjZg___kebba\_klguagZq_ gby ijhlhgguo iehlghkl_c b j_eZdkZpbhgguo iZjZf_lju mdZaZgguo ldZ g_cêydhgdj_lgh]hh[t_dlZbkke_^h\Zgby?kebhij_^_e_gb_wlboiZjZ f_ljh\aZljm^g_ghlh\_ebqbgmTIke_^m_lih^h[jZlvwdki_jbf_glZevgh GZ jbk ijb\_^_g ijbf_j FJL-bkke_^h\Zgby \ dhlhjhf j_rZeZkv ih^h[gZy aZ^ZqZ Fh`gh aZf_lblv qlh iZlheh]bq_kdh_ h[jZah\Zgb_ — dbklZ \ jZaguo j_`bfZo bf__l lhl `_ dhgljZkl qlh b ebd\hj Hg bf__l \ukhdh_agZq_gb_gZT<Bbgbadh_—gZFLAIRkihegufih^Z\e_gb_f kb]gZeZ ebd\hjZ < lhf kemqZ_ dh]^Z dhgljZkl ebd\hjZ kh\iZ^Z_l k dhg ljZklhf[_eh]h\_s_kl\Zfha]ZgZb[he__hlq_leb\hhij_^_ey_lky]jZgbpZ dbklu>eyihemq_gbyFJ-bah[jZ`_gbyklZdbfjZkij_^_e_gb_fldZg_\h]h dhgljZklZ agZq_gb_ iZjZf_ljZ TI \ bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb 56 =eZ\Z FLAIR\Zjvbjh\Zehkv\ij_^_eZo-kWdki_jbf_glZevghhij_^_e_g gh_hilbfZevgh_agZq_gb_TIkhklZ\behk Jbk <bamZebaZpby ebd\hjghc dbklu ijb jZaebqguo iZjZf_ljZo TI j_`bfZ FLAIR. A — T2<B, B — FLAIR(TI = 1.3 k), C — FLAIR (TI = 1.05 k), D — FLAIR (TI = 1.8 k) Jbk<bamZebaZpby`_em^hqdh\]heh\gh]hfha]ZijbgZebqbbbgl_jkl_gpbZev gh]hhl_dZijb]b^jhp_nZebbA —h[uqgh_T<B^Ze__ahgZ`_em^hqdh\ij_^ klZ\e_gZ\m\_ebq_gghffZkrlZ[_êyB — T<BC — FLAIR (TI fkD — FLAIR (TI =fkGZbah[jZ`_gbbDbaf_g_gby\kl_gdZo`_em^hqdh\hi j_^_eyxlkygZb[he__hlq_leb\h >ey\ujZ\gb\ZgbydhgljZklZebd\hjZbk_jh]h\_s_kl\Zfha]Zfh`gh ijbf_gblvFLAIRkm\_ebq_ggufagZq_gb_fTI —³êbggucFLAIR” [38]. LZdhcj_`bffh`ghj_Zebah\Zlv_kebgZijbf_jêyfZ]gblgh]hihey LeaZ^ZlvTI kHkh[_gghklvw\hexpbbijh^hevghcgZfZ]gbq_gghklb k\h[h^ghc`b^dhklbêylZdh]hj_`bfZ\lhfqlhijhc^yq_j_agmevhgZ qZklbqgh\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkydfhf_glmkqblu\Zgby<j_amevlZl_dhgljZkl MijZ\e_gb_FJL-dhgljZklhfijblbih\hfbkke_^h\Zgbb 57 ebd\hjZ klZgh\blky [ebahd d dhgljZklm k_jh]h \_s_kl\Z fha]Z qlh h[e_]qZ_lbkke_^h\Zgb_mqZkldh\\kl_gdZo`_em^hqdh\—jbk LZdbfh[jZahfêy\uy\e_gbyjy^ZiZlheh]bc`_eZl_evghh[_ki_qblv g_ihegh_ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\hlghjfZevghcldZgbZlZdh_ijbdhlhjhf \hagbdZ_l ^hklZlhqgh h^ghjh^gh_ [_a agZqbl_evguo baf_g_gbc ih yjdh klbjZkij_^_e_gb_ldZg_\h]hdhgljZklZ\hdjm]ahguiZlheh]bb F_lhû ih^Z\e_gby kb]gZeh\ \hû b `bjZ ihklhyggh kh\_jr_gkl\m xlkyKj_^bkjZ\gbl_evghg_^Z\gh\hr_^rbo\ijZdlbdmFJLfh`ghhl f_lblvdhf[bgbjh\Zggucf_lhîh^Z\e_gbykb]gZeh\`bjZ\dhlhjhfbg \_jkby gZfZ]gbq_gghklb j_Zebam_lky qZklhlgh-k_e_dlb\guf kihkh[hf f_lh^SPIR (Selective Presaturation Inversion Recovery>@IhkjZ\g_gbx k STIR ^Zgguc f_lh^ ^Z_l f_gvr__ hkeZ[e_gb_ kb]gZeZ êy ldZg_c k [hevrbfb\j_f_gZfbj_eZdkZpbbghêyj_ZebaZpbblj_[m_l\ukhdhch^ ghjh^ghklb fZ]gblguo ihe_c b lhqguo qZklhlguo gZkljh_d Ba-aZ wlbo h]jZgbq_gbc _]h ijbf_g_gb_ h[uqgh h]jZgbqb\Z_lky ahgZfb g_[hevrhc ijhly`_gghklb—gZijbf_jh[eZklvxhj[bl>@ =eZ\Z 58 Ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZ\FJL-bkke_^h\Zgbyo 59 Hlf_lbfqlhj_`bfkh^gh\j_f_ggufih^Z\e_gb_fkb]gZeh\\hûb `bjZhdZaZekykj_^bgZb[he__bgnhjfZlb\guoj_`bfh\aZ^_ckl\h\Zgguo êynZdlhjgh]hZgZebaZ>@jZajZ[Zlu\Z_fh]hêyZ\lhfZlbq_kdh]hjZk ihagZ\ZgbyiZlheh]bq_kdbobaf_g_gbckljmdlmj]heh\gh]hfha]Z =eZ\Z H>GH<J?F?GGH?IH>:<E?GB?KB=G:EH< <H>UB@BJ:<FJL-BKKE?>H<:GBYO IjZdlbdZFJL-bkke_^h\ZgbcihdZaZeZqlhih^Z\e_gb_lhevdhh^gh]h ldZg_\h]hdhfihg_glZg_\k_]^Zkha^Z_lmkeh\byêygZ^_`gh]h\uy\e_gby iZlheh]bq_kdbo baf_g_gbc b \h fgh]bo kemqZyo g_h[oh^bfh h[_ki_qb \Zlvh^gh\j_f_ggh_ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZWlhhkh[_gghZd lmZevgh ijb bkke_^h\Zgbb h[eZkl_c ]^_ [ebadh khk_^kl\mxl `bjh\Zy ldZgvbldZgvk[hevrbfkh^_j`Zgb_fk\h[h^ghc\hûgZijbf_jh[eZk lb hj[bl djZgbh-\_jl_[jZevgh]h i_j_oh^Z b ^j F_lhû dhf[bgbjh\Zg gh]h ih^Z\e_gby kb]gZeh\ \hû b `bjZ ijbf_gyxlky êy bkke_^h\Zgby hj[blZlZd`_\FJ-ki_dljhkdhibb>@ <bamZebaZpbyiZlheh]bq_kdbobaf_g_gbc ijbh^gh\j_f_gghfih^Z\e_gbbkb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZ GZrZijZdlbdZihdZaZeZ>–@qlhmijhs_gb_ldZg_\h]hdhgljZklZ \hagbdZxs__ijbh^gh\j_f_gghfih^Z\e_gbbkb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZih e_agh êy \bamZebaZpbb g_ lhevdh hj[bl gh b h[hehq_d fha]Z \bkhqghc dhklbfy]dhldZgguoh[jZah\ZgbcgZhkgh\Zgbbq_j_iZjbkHlkmlkl \b_gZFJL-bah[jZ`_gbyobgl_gkb\guokb]gZeh\hl\hûb`bjZkha^Z_l [eZ]hijbylgu_ mkeh\by êy k_]f_glZpbb bah[jZ`_gby b ihke_^mxs_c hp_gdb h[t_fZ ahgu iZlheh]bq_kdbo baf_g_gbc MijhsZ_lky aZ^ZqZ ih kljh_gbylj_of_jghcj_dhgkljmdpbbiZlheh]bq_kdboh[jZah\Zgbchimoh eb ]_fZlhfu f_lh^hf ijh_dpbb fZdkbfZevghc bgl_gkb\ghklb MIP (Maximum Intensity Projection b h[t_fghc j_dhgkljmdpbb k hll_g_gb_f ih\_joghkl_c— 3D-j_g^_jbg]Z>–51]. Jbk Ijbf_ju ijbf_g_gby j_`bfZ k h^gh\j_f_gguf ih^Z\e_gb_f kb]gZeh\ \hû b `bjZ — gb`gbc jy^ A — ihklljZ\fZlbq_kdb_ \dexqZy h[hehq_qgu_ baf_g_gbyB —fy]dhldZgh_h[jZah\Zgb_\dhklbq_j_iZC—\bkhqgZydhklvb baf_g_gby\h[hehqd_fha]Z<_jogbcjy^— AbB — T<BC — T<B Fh^bnbdZpbyj_`bfZ FLAIRêyqZklhlgh-k_e_dlb\gh]h ih^Z\e_gby`bjh\hcldZgb >eyh^gh\j_f_ggh]hih^Z\e_gbykb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZfh`ghijbf_ gblvbfimevkgmxihke_^h\Zl_evghklvgZkljh_ggmxgZih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZ eh\\hûf_lh^hf©bg\_jkby-\hkklZgh\e_gb_ª\dhlhjmx^h[Z\e_gk_e_d lb\gucbfimevkgZkusZxsbc`bjh\mxldZgv— SPIR/FLAIR>@H^gh ba i_j\uo gZrbo gZ[ex^_gbc k bkihevah\Zgb_f ^Zggh]h ihôh^Z [ueh k\yaZgh k g_h[oh^bfhklvx mkljZg_gby Zjl_nZdlZ gZ FJL-bah[jZ`_gbyo fha]ZgZdhlhjuogZdeZû\Zekykb]gZehlih^dh`gh]h`bjZba-aZg_klZg ^ZjlghcmdeZ^dbihegh]hiZpb_glZBa-aZlh]hqlh_]hjmdb[uebmeh`_ gu \[ebab]heh\ugZT<Bb\j_`bf_FLAIR\hagbdZeZjl_nZdl\h[ 60 =eZ\Z eZklb aZluedZ jbk ;eZ]h^Zjy \\_^_gbx \ bfimevkgmx ihke_^h\Z l_evghklvFLAIRbfimevkZgZkusZxs_]h`bj^Zggmxijh[e_fmm^Zehkv j_rblvbihemqblvFJL-bah[jZ`_gbyk\h[h^gu_hlZjl_nZdlZ Ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZ\FJL-bkke_^h\Zgbyo 61 pbbhlebqgufhlgmey[m^_llhevdhkb]gZehlldZgbbf_xs_c\j_fyj_ eZdkZpbbThlebqgh_hlT1F,T1W. RF 1800 1800 TF TW +1 M z/M 0 900 t Fat 0 Water (fe JbkIh^Z\e_gb_Zjl_nZdlZhl`bjh\hcde_lqZldb K J_Zebah\ZggZygZfbihke_^h\Zl_evghklv[ebadZihk\h_cdhgp_ipbbd f_lh^mSPIRohlybf_eZg_dhlhju_hkh[_gghklbdhlhju_[m^mlhlf_q_gu \jZa^_e_ IjZdlbdZ ihdZaZeZ qlh qZklhlgh-k_e_dlb\gZy f_lh^bdZ h^gh\j_f_g gh]h ih^Z\e_gby kb]gZeh\ \hû b `bjZ g_ \k_]^Z jZ[hlZeZ wnn_dlb\gh hkh[_gghijbbkke_^h\Zgbbhj]Zgh\k[hevrbf\deZ^hf`bjh\hcldZgb— gZijbf_jiha\hghqgbdhj]Zgu[jxrghcihehklbIjbgZebqbb^Z`_g_ [hevrhc ijhkljZgkl\_gghc g_h^ghjh^ghklb dZd iheyjbamxs_]h lZd b JQ-ihe_c wnn_dlb\ghklv f_lh^bdb kbevgh kgb`Z_lky qlh ijhy\ey_lky \ g_jZ\ghf_jghf ih^Z\e_gbb kb]gZeh\ `bjZ ih iehkdhklb bah[jZ`_gby Ihwlhfmêyh^gh\j_f_ggh]hih^Z\e_gbykb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZfuij_^ ihqeb bfimevkgmx ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv hkgh\Zggmx gZ ^\hcghf bkihev ah\Zgbbwnn_dlZ©bg\_jkby–\hkklZgh\e_gb_ªdZd[uh[t_^bgyxsmxf_ lh^bdbFLAIRbSTIRLZdZyihke_^h\Zl_evghklvijhs_\j_ZebaZpbbld g_lj_[m_llhqguoqZklhlguogZkljh_d H^gh\j_f_ggh_ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZf_lh^hf ©bg\_jkby–\hkklZgh\e_gb_ª ;ueZj_Zebah\ZgZihke_^h\Zl_evghklvTIW – 80° – IF –kqblu\Zgb_ kb]gZeZ ]^_ aZ^_j`db TIF b TIW ih^h[jZgu lZdbf h[jZahf qlh[u ijh ^hevgu_gZfZ]gbq_gghklbdZd\hûlZdb`bjZijhoh^beb\ijhp_kk_j_ eZdkZpbbq_j_agmevh^gh\j_f_gghjbk<wlhfkemqZ_ijbj_]bkljZ t -1 Jbk>bZ]jZffZbfimevkghcihke_^h\Zl_evghklb\_jogyydjb\Zybw\hexpby ijh^hevghcgZfZ]gbq_gghklb`bjZb\hûgb`gb_djb\u_êyihke_^h\Zl_evgh klb180°–TIW–180°–TIF JbkAZ\bkbfhklvkb]gZeZhlTêyf_lh^bdhkgh\ZgguogZwnn_dl_©bg\_j kby-\hkklZgh\e_gb_ª — A — STIR, B — FLAIR, C — ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv – TIW–180°–TIF Djb\Zy aZ\bkbfhklb kb]gZeZ hl T ijb\_^_gZ gZ jbk JZkq_l ^Zg ghcdjb\hcijb\_^_g\>@ Hgijh\_^_gêy\_dlhjghcfh^_eb;ehoZ\ij_îheh`_gbbqlhêb l_evghklvbfimevkh\fZeZihkjZ\g_gbxkh\j_f_g_fj_eZdkZpbbTb\_ =eZ\Z 62 Ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZ\FJL-bkke_^h\Zgbyo 63 ebqbghcû]^_û —^bZiZahgobfbq_kdbok^\b]h\ZqZklhlZaZiheg_gby JQbfimevkZ[ebadZdeZjfhjh\hcIjbwlbomkeh\byofh`ghg_jZkkfZl jb\Zlv ihi_j_qgu_ dhfihg_glu \_dlhjZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklb b \ dhg_qguc j_amevlZlg_\hc^mliZjZf_ljuTbû. <j_amevlZl_êyT1F/T1W bf__f SC(z) = |1 – 2(1 – exp(– (ln2/z)(1/k + 1))exp(– ln2/z)|, ]^_k = T1F/T1W, z = T1/T1F.Fh`ghaZf_lblvqlh]jZnbddjb\hcC[ebahd d ]jZnbdm ihemqZ_fhfm i_j_fgh`_gb_f ]jZnbdh\ A b B, jZkkqblZgguo êyj_`bfh\STIRbFLAIRkhhl\_lkl\_ggh=jZnbdbAbBhibku\Zxl kynhjfmeZfb SA(z) = |1 – 2*exp(– (ln2)/z_bSB(z) = |1 – 2*exp(– (ln2)/kz)|, khhl\_lkl\_ggh AZf_lbfqlhijbjZkq_l_g_mqblu\Zehkv\ebygb_iZjZf_ljZTRl_ g_y\ghij_îheZ]ZehkvTR >> T1F,T1WbihlhfmêyaZ^_j`_dTIWbTIFihemqbebkvijhklu_aZ\bkbfhklbhlT1FbT1WZbf_ggh TIW = (T1F + T1W)ln2, TIF = T1F ln2. Mq_l gZkus_gby kibgh\ ba-aZ dhg_qgh]h agZq_gby TR mkeh`gy_l jZkq_l ghfZeh\eby_lgZdhg_qgucj_amevlZl >bZiZahg agZq_gbc T \ ij_^_eZo dhlhjh]h djb\Zy SC kiZ^Z_l g_ [he__ q_f \ jZaZ ^hklZlhqgh rbjhd — êy iheyLehgaZgbfZ_l h[eZklvijbf_jgh–kBf_ggh\wlhf^bZiZahg_e_`Zl\_ebqbgu TijbgZê_`Zsb_jy^miZlheh]bq_kdbobaf_g_gbchqZ]b^_fb_ebgb aZpbb ahgu hl_dZ djh\hbaebygby dZ\_jghagu_ Zg]bhfu g_dhlhju_ himohebb^jIhwlhfmijbh^gh\j_f_gghfih^Z\e_gbbkb]gZeh\\hû b `bjZ wlb iZlheh]bq_kdb_ h[jZah\Zgby \u]ey^yl gZb[he__ hlq_leb\h gZ nhg_ ih^Z\e_gguo kb]gZeh\ hl ghjfZevguo kljmdlmj \ qZklghklb kibggh-fha]h\hc`b^dhklbbih^dh`gh]h`bjZjbk <j_f_gZ j_eZdkZpbb iZlheh]bq_kdbo dZd \ijhq_f b ghjfZevguo h[jZah\Zgbc fh`gh hij_^_eblv ba\_klgufb \ FJL-j_eZdkhf_ljbb f_ lh^Zfbihkljh_gbydZjlijhkljZgkl\_ggh]hjZkij_^_e_gbyT1, T2. >ey ihkljh_gby dZjlu T1 (T1-map fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv ^Zggu_ hl bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb jZ[hlZxs_c ih f_lh^bd_ ©gZkus_ gb_–\hkklZgh\e_gb_ª — 90°–TR–90°–FID beb –TR–90°–TE–FID \ dhlhjhc\Zjvbjm_lkyiZjZf_ljTRBf_ygZ[hjT1-<Bihemq_gguoijb jZaebqguo agZq_gbyo TR fh`gh ihkljhblv bah[jZ`_gby ]^_ bgl_g kb\ghklv dZ`^hc lhqdb gZijyfmx aZ\bkbl eb[h hl dhgp_gljZpbb ijh lhgh\ M 0 eb[h hl T1 — (T1-dZjlZ JZkq_l T1-dZjlu ijh\h^blky ih nhjfme_ M(TR) = M0exp(1 – A.exp{– TR/T1}). Jbk <bamZebaZpby iZlheh]bq_kdbo baf_g_gbc gZ T<B \_jogbc jy^ b ijb h^gh\j_f_gghfih^Z\e_gbbkb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZgb`gbcjyÂ —g_\jbghfZ B —djh\hbaebygb_\hj[bl_K—jZkk_ygguckde_jhaD —^\mklhjhggyykm[^m jZevgZy]_fZlhfZ Jbk A — T<B B — dZjlZ ! — h[t_fghc iehlghklb j_ahgbjmxsbo y^_j C — dZjlZ T ihemqZ_fZy f_lh^hf kibgh\h]h woZ ijb TE fk b TR f_gyx s_fky\ij_^_eZohl^hfkD —dZjlZTihemqZ_fZyijbTEf_gyxs_f kyhl^hfk DZjlm T fh`gh lZd`_ ihemqblv ba wdki_jbf_glh\ ©bg\_jkby– \hkklZgh\e_gb_ª–TI–90°–FID]^_\Zjvbjm_lkyiZjZf_ljTIA^_kvkb] gZeYFJaZ\bkblhlTIdZd M(TI) = M0(1 – C.exp{– TI/T1}), _kebihke_j_dhgkljmdpbbbgnhjfZpbyhnZa_kb]gZeZkhojZg_gZbeb M(TI) = |M0(1 – C.exp{– TI/T1})|, _kebêyjZkq_lZdZjlubkihevam_lkyki_dljfhsghklb 64 =eZ\Z DZjlm T fh`gh ihemqblv ba wdki_jbf_glh\ ih kibgh\hfm woh Kb] gZeu kibgh\h]h woZ \ha[m`^Z_fu_ \ bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb 90°–TE–180°–TE–FIDkiZ^Zxlkh]eZkghnhjfme_ M(TE) = M0exp(–TE/T2). 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kb]gZeh\ hl kebabklhc njZ]f_gl B k — êy \ujZ\gb\Zgby dhgljZklZ f_`^m kibgghfha]h\hc`b^dhklvxKF@b[_euf\_s_kl\hffha]ZnjZ]f_glD), 1.8 k- êy \ujZ\gb\Zgby dhgljZklZ f_`^m KF@ b k_juf \_s_kl\hf fha]Z njZ]f_glFIhkdhevdmihegh_ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeZhlhimohebihemq_gh ijb TIw = 1.05 c njZ]f_gl D lh T e_]dh hij_^_eblv ba nhjfmeu TI / (ln kDZdbke_^h\Zehh`b^ZlvijbTIw kbgl_gkb\ghklvkb] gZeZhlhimohebbf__lijhf_`mlhqgh_êy^Zgghck_jbbagZq_gb_f_`^m fZdkbfZevgufijbTiw kb[ebadbfdgmexêyTIw = 1.05cnjZ] f_glC). <\_^_gb_ dhgljZklbjmxs_]h \_s_kl\Z iha\hebeh \uy\blv ^hihegb l_evgmxbgnhjfZpbxhahg_ihjZ`_gby\qZklghklbgZdhie_gb_dhgljZ klbjmxs_]h\_s_kl\Z\h\lhjhfmae_—jbkqlhgZb[he__hlq_leb\h \uy\ey_lky\j_`bf_DIR[eZ]h^ZjygZebqbxl_fgh]hnhgZhlih^Z\e_g guoghjfZevguoldZg_c Ih^Z\e_gb_kb]gZeh\\hûb`bjZ\FJL-bkke_^h\Zgbyo 91 >jm]hcijbf_jbkke_^h\ZgbyahguihjZ`_gby]heh\gh]hfha]Zbeex kljbjh\ZggZjbkMiZpb_glZBfe\uy\e_ghh[t_fgh_h[ jZah\Zgb_himohevijZ\hceh[ghch[eZklbkjZkijhkljZg_gb_fgZi_j_^ gbc hl^_e fhahebklh]h l_eZ b kj_^bggu_ kljmdlmju fha]Z Himohev kh klhblba^\momaeh\ijbwlhffZeucma_ejZkiheZ]Z_lkyeZl_jZevghhlhk gh\gh]h<p_gljZevguohl^_eZo[hevrh]hmaeZfh`ghhlf_lblvkgb`_gb_ kb]gZeZgZL<Bijbq_fg_jZ\ghf_jgh_kgZebqb_fmqZkldh\agZqbl_ev gh]hkgb`_gbyqlhoZjZdl_jghêyj_]j_kkbhgguog_djhlbq_kdbobaf_ g_gbc\himoheb—jbk JbkFJL-bah[jZ`_gby^h\\_^_gbydhgljZklbjmxs_]h\_s_kl\ZA — T2<B, B — DIR-FSE, K — GE-T1 JbkBkke_^h\Zgb_himohebf_lh^ZfbGE–T1 (AbBbDIR–FSEK^h\\_^_ gbyAbihke_\\_^_gbydhgljZklbjmxs_]h\_s_kl\ZBbK Ihemq_ggu_^Zggu_^Zxlhkgh\Zgb_k[hevrhc\_jhylghklvxij_îh eh`blv qlh ahgZ ihjZ`_gby \ e_\hc eh[ghc h[eZklb — wlh h[hehq_qgZy himohev\hafh`gh—ZlbibqgZyf_gbg]bhfZ^bnn_j_gpbZevgZy^bZ]gh klbdZk]_fZg]bhi_jbpblhfhcbeb^jm]hcj_^dhcf_a_gobfZevghchimoh evx Jbk FJL-bah[jZ`_gbyk\_jombboMIP-j_dhgkljmdpbbkgbamihke_\\_^_ gbydhgljZklgh]h\_s_kl\ZA — T1–GE, B — DIR–FSE. 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bah[jZ`_gbc \ g_dhlhjuo ki_pbZevguo f_lh^bdZo \j_fyijhe_lgZy Zg]bh]jZnby >@ FJL k dhgljZklguf mkbe_gb_f >@ ih\ur_gb_ dhg ljZklZ f_`^m`b^dhklvxbojys_\hcldZgvx\ihke_^h\Zl_evghklyo]jZ 98 =eZ\Z ^b_glgh]hwoZijbbkke_^h\ZgbbkmklZ\h\biha\hghqgbdZ>@I_jki_d lb\guf gZijZ\e_gb_f bkke_^h\Zgbc y\ey_lky ihemq_gb_ dhebq_kl\_gguo oZjZdl_jbklbdghjfZevguobiZlheh]bq_kdboldZg_cin vivogZhkgh\_i_ j_ghkZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklb ihkdhevdm ij_îheZ]Z_lky qlh wnn_dlb\ghklv i_j_ghkZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklb ^he`gZ [ulv \_kvfZ qm\kl\bl_evgZ d iZlheh ]bq_kdbfbaf_g_gbyf[bhihebf_jh\bde_lhqguof_f[jZg < gZklhys__ \j_fy dhebq_kl\_ggZy hp_gdZ wnn_dlZ i_j_ghkZ gZfZ] gbq_gghklb ijh\h^blky ijb ihfhsb hlghr_gby i_j_ghkZ gZfZ]gbq_ggh klbMTR) [77]: MTR = ( S 0 − S mt ) S 0 (1) ]^_S0bSmt —bgl_gkb\ghklbFJ-kb]gZeZkhhl\_lkl\_ggh\hlkmlkl\bbb ijbkmlkl\bb \g_j_ahgZgkgh]h gZkus_gby DZd ihdZaZe jy^ debgbq_kdbo bkke_^h\Zgbc >–@ agZq_gby MTR y\eyxlky i_jki_dlb\guf bklhqgb dhf^bZ]ghklbq_kdhcbgnhjfZpbbijbiZlheh]byo]heh\gh]hfha]Z\qZ klghklb ijb himoheyo > @ 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gufj_r_gb_f^Zgghcijh[e_fuy\ey_lkyhij_^_e_gb_gZb[he__\Z`guo ldZg_-ki_pbnbqguoiZjZf_ljh\bjZajZ[hldmf_lh^bdbobaf_j_gbyf_lh ^Zfb FJL k bkihevah\Zgb_f ijb_fh\ Zijh[bjh\Zgguo \ =ki_dljhkdhibb H^gZdh ijyfh_ ijbf_g_gb_ f_lh^bd jZa\bluo \ =ki_dljhkdhibb \ h[eZklv FJL q_eh\_dZ k\yaZgh k k_jv_agufb wdki_jb f_glZevgufb b l_hj_lbq_kdbfb ijh[e_fZfb IjbgpbibZevgh_ jZaebqb_ f_`^ml_ogbdhcwdki_jbf_glZ\=-ki_dljhkdhibbbFJLki_j_ghkhfgZ fZ]gbq_gghklb aZdexqZ_lky \ lhf qlh \ FJL ijZdlbq_kdb g_\hafh`gh ^hklb`_gb_klZpbhgZjgh]hkhklhygbygZfZ]gbq_gghklbdhlhjh_y\ey_lky g_h[oh^bfufmkeh\b_f\=-ki_dljhkdhibb>ey^hklb`_gbyklZpbhgZjgh BfimevkgZydjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggZyki_dljhkdhiby 99 ]h khklhygby \ =-ki_dljhkdhibb ijbf_gy_lky JQ h[emq_gb_ \ l_q_gb_ – 5 kêydZ`^h]hpbdeZbfimevkghcihke_^h\Zl_evghklbLZdb_\j_f_ggu_ iZjZf_ljug_ijb_fe_fuêyFJL`b\uoh[t_dlh\ihkdhevdmijb\h^yld kebrdhf [hevrhc êbl_evghklb wdki_jbf_glZ Djhf_ lh]h êbl_evgh_ g_ij_ju\gh_JQ\ha^_ckl\b_g_^himklbfh\FJLq_eh\_dZbf_xs_c^hk lZlhqgh`_kldb_h]jZgbq_gbyihih]ehsZ_fhch[t_dlhffhsghklbJQih eyIhwlhfm\kh\j_f_gghcFJLki_j_ghkhfgZfZ]gbq_gghklbbkihevam _lkybfimevkgh_\g_j_ahgZgkgh_gZkus_gb_>@H[uqghijbf_gyxlgZ kusZxsb_ JQ bfimevku êbl_evghklvx g_ [he__ – fk ijb h[s_c êbl_evghklb pbdeZ bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb TR = 40– fk >ey hibkZgby wdki_jbf_glZevgh ihemqZ_fuo ZgZeh]h\ Z-ki_dljh\ lj_[m _lky hkh[uc fZl_fZlbq_kdbc ZiiZjZl ihkdhevdm a^_kv g_evay bkihevah \Zlvj_amevlZluZgZebaZijh\_^_ggh]hêyklZpbhgZjgh]hJQgZkus_gby Hkh[_gghklvxlhfh]jZnbq_kdh]hkdZgbjh\Zgbyy\ey_lky\hafh`ghklv [ukljh]hih\lhj_gbybfimevkghcihke_^h\Zl_evghklbTR << L 1, L2qlh kihkh[kl\m_l j_ZebaZpbb lg bfimevkgh]h klZpbhgZjgh]h khklhygby oZ jZdl_jbamxs_]hky gme_\uf kmffZjguf ijbjZs_gb_f \_dlhjZ gZfZ]gb q_gghklb\l_q_gb_ihegh]hpbdeZbfimevkghcihke_^h\Zl_evghklbLZdZy kblmZpbybf__lf_klh\[ukljuobfimevkguoihke_^h\Zl_evghklyo]jZ^b _glgh]h woZ êy FJL qZklh ijbf_gy_fuo \ dhf[bgZpbb k bfimevkghc l_ogbdhc i_j_ghkZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklb >Zevg_cr__ jZa\blb_ dhebq_kl\_g guoihôh^h\\FJLki_j_ghkhfgZfZ]gbq_gghklbk\yaZghkjZajZ[hldhc fZl_fZlbq_kdbofh^_e_ci_j_ghkZgZfZ]gbq_gghklb\mkeh\byobfimevk gh]hklZpbhgZjgh]hkhklhygby<jZ[hl_>@[ueijh\_^_gl_hj_lbq_kdbc ZgZeba êy b^_Zebabjh\Zggh]h kemqZy i_jbh^bq_kdb ih\lhjyxsboky dh jhldbo\g_j_ahgZgkguogZkusZxsbobfimevkh\ghijbwlhfg_[uehmq l_gh \ha^_ckl\b_ kqblu\Zxs_]h bfimevkZ bf_xs__ f_klh \ j_Zevguo bfimevkguoihke_^h\Zl_evghklyo < jZ[hl_ >@ ij_^klZ\e_gZ l_hjby djhkk-j_eZdkZpbhgghc ^bgZfbdb gZfZ]gbq_gghklb \ mkeh\byo bfimevkgh]h klZpbhgZjgh]h khklhygby êy bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb ]jZ^b_glgh]h woZ GZ hkgh\Zgbb ^Zgghc l_hjbb [ue ij_êh`_g gh\uc wdki_jbf_glZevguc f_lh^ bfimevkghc djhkk-j_eZdkZpbhgghcki_dljhkdhibbbihdZaZgZ\hafh`ghklv_]hijbf_ g_gby\debgbq_kdhcFJ-lhfh]jZnbbq_eh\_dZ L_hjby >bgZfbdZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklb \ kbkl_fZo djhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggh k\yaZg guokibgh\hibku\Z_lkymjZ\g_gbyfb;ehoZ\fh^bnbdZpbbFZdDhgg_eZ >@mqblu\Zxsbfbh[f_gf_`^mZ-dhfihg_glZfbgZfZ]gbq_gghklb>ey =eZ\Z 100 kemqZy^\monjZdpbck\h[h^guobk\yaZgguoijhlhgh\kbkl_fZmjZ\g_gbc ;ehoZ–FZdDhgg_eZbf__l\b^ dM XF /dt = − R2F M XF + 2ûM YF , dM YF /dt = −2 ûM XF − R2F M YF + &1M ZF , dM ZF / dt = −ω1M YF − ( R1F + k )M ZF + k f M ZB + R1F M 0 , dM XB /dt = − R2B M XB + 2ûM YB , dM YB /dt = −2ûM XB − R2B M YB + &1M ZB , dM ZB / dt = −ω1M YB − ( R1B + k f )M ZB + kM ZF + R1B fM 0 , (2) (3) BfimevkgZydjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggZyki_dljhkdhiby 101 b tr khhl\_lkl\_gghGZkusZxsbcbfimevkbkihevam_lkyêybg^mpbjh\Z gby i_j_ghkZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklb b bf__l hlkljhcdm ∆ Kqblu\Zxsbc bf imevk nhjfbjm_l ihi_j_qgmx gZfZ]gbq_gghklv baf_jy_fmx \ \b^_ kb] gZeZ]jZ^b_glgh]hwoZbijbf_gy_lkygZj_ahgZgkghcqZklhl_∆ Hl f_lbfqlhihhdhgqZgbbbgl_j\Zeh\\j_f_gbtm b trêymkljZg_gbyhklZ lhqguo ihi_j_qguo dhfihg_gl gZfZ]gbq_gghklb ijbf_gyxlky bfimevk gu_\dexq_gby]jZ^b_glguofZ]gblguoihe_c]jZ^b_glguckihcebg] (4) (5) (6) (7) F,B ]^_ M X,Y,Z — X-, Y- b Z-dhfihg_glu gZfZ]gbq_gghklb k\h[h^guo F b k\yaZgguo B ijhlhgh\ R1F,B = 1/T1F,B , R2F,B = 1/T2F,B — kdhjhklb ijh ^hevghcbihi_j_qghcj_eZdkZpbb ∆ = ν − ν 0 —hlkljhcdZJQiheyhlj_ ahgZgkZ ν 0 —eZjfhjh\ZqZklhlZh^bgZdh\Zyêyk\h[h^guobk\yaZgguo ijhlhgh\ ω1 = γB1 —Zfieblm^ZJQihey\ujZ`_ggZy\_^bgbpZoqZklhlu (γ— ]bjhfZ]gblgh_ hlghr_gb_ f — fheyjgh_ hlghr_gb_ njZdpbc k\h [h^guo b k\yaZgguo ijhlhgh\ k — wnn_dlb\gZy dhgklZglZ kdhjhklb djhkk-j_eZdkZpbb n_ghf_gheh]bq_kdb hibku\ZxsZy \deZû y^_jgh]h wnn_dlZH\_joZma_jZbobfbq_kdh]hh[f_gZM0 —jZ\gh\_kgZygZfZ]gb q_gghklv njZdpbb k\h[h^guo ijhlhgh\ JZ\gh\_kgZy gZfZ]gbq_gghklv k\yaZgguo ijhlhgh\ M 0B \ mjZ\g_gbb \ujZ`_gZ q_j_a \_ebqbgu f b M0: M 0B = f M0. GZ hkgh\_ mjZ\g_gbc – jZkkfhljbf bfimevkgh_ klZpbhgZjgh_ khklhygb_ \hagbdZxs__ \ j_amevlZl_ ih\lhjyxs_]hky \ha^_ckl\by bf imevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb ]jZ^b_glgh]h woZ k \g_j_ahgZgkguf bf imevkhfêyi_j_ghkZgZfZ]gbq_gghklbjbkH^bgpbdebfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb fh`gh jZa^_eblv gZ \j_f_gguo bgl_j\ZeZ gZku sZxsbc bfimevk aZ^_j`dZ êy \dexq_gby hqbsZxs_]h ]jZ^b_glZkqb lu\Zxsbcbfimevkbj_eZdkZpbhggZyaZ^_j`dZkêbl_evghklyfbtm, ts, tp, Jbk>bZ]jZffZbfimevkghcihke_^h\Zl_evghklb]jZ^b_glgh]hwoZki_j_ghkhf gZfZ]gbq_gghklb >ey \u\h^Z mjZ\g_gbc hibku\Zxsbo gZfZ]gbq_gghklv \ mkeh\byo bfimevkgh]h klZpbhgZjgh]h khklhygby jZkkfhljbf hl^_evgh ^bgZfbdm ijh^hevguo dhfihg_gl gZfZ]gbq_gghklb\l_q_gb_i_j_qbke_gguo\ur_ hlj_adh\ \j_f_gb <\_^_f \_dlhju Mm, Ms, Mp b Mr khklhysb_ ba Zdhfihg_glgZfZ]gbq_gghklbk\h[h^guobk\yaZgguoijhlhgh\ihhdhgqZ gbbbgl_j\Zeh\tm, ts, tpb tr:  M F ( t = ti ) M i =  ZB ,  M Z ( t = ti ) i = m, s , p , r . =eZ\Z 102 <hlkmlkl\b_JQihe_cbgl_j\Zeu\j_f_gb tsb trw\hexpbyijh^hev guodhfihg_glg_aZ\bkbfZhlihi_j_qguobhibku\Z_lkymjZ\g_gbyfb b ijb ω1 = 0 J_r_gbyêygZqZevguomkeh\bckhhl\_lkl\mxsbokh klhygbxgZfZ]gbq_gghklbihke_gZkusZxs_]hbkqblu\Zxs_]hbfimev kh\ts = 0, Ms(0) = Mm b tr = 0, Mr(0) = Mpfh`ghaZibkZlv\fZljbqghf \b^_ M s = exp(Rt s )⋅ M m + (I − exp(Rt s ))⋅ M 0 , (8) M r = exp(Rt r )⋅ M p + (I − exp(Rt r ))⋅ M 0 , (9) ]^_R —j_eZdkZpbhggZyfZljbpZ − R F − k R= 1 k  BfimevkgZydjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggZyki_dljhkdhiby ( ) dM ZB / dt = − R1B + k f + RrfB M ZB + kM ZF + R1B fM 0 , 103 (11) ]^_ RrfB — kdhjhklv ml_qdb ijh^hevghc gZfZ]gbq_gghklb k\yaZgguo kib gh\ih^^_ckl\b_fJQh[emq_gby RrfB = ω12T2B (2πûT ) + 1 B 2 2 . (12) MjZ\g_gby b ihemq_gu gZ hkgh\_ klZpbhgZjgh]h ijb[eb`_ gbyêyihi_j_qguodhfihg_glk\yaZgguoijhlhgh\dhlhjh_\uihegy_l ky_keb T2B << t m >Zggh_mkeh\b_kijZ\_êb\hêy[hevrbgkl\Z[bheh]b q_kdbofZl_jbZeh\ T2B hl^hfdkbJQbfimevkh\ijbf_gy_fuo\  k/ f  ; B − R1 − k / f  FJLtmh[uqgh\ij_^_eZo–fk G_h[oh^bfh hlf_lblv qlh iZjZf_lj RrfB g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh k\yaZg k M0 —\_dlhjjZ\gh\_kghcgZfZ]gbq_gghklb 1 M0 = M 0   ; f nhjfhcebgbbih]ehs_gbyk\yaZgguokibgh\ g( 2π∆ ) [5,6]: I —_^bgbqgZyfZljbpZMjZ\g_gbybhibku\Zxl^\mowdkihg_gpb Zevgmx j_eZdkZpbx ijh^hevguo dhfihg_gl k dhgklZglZfb kdhjhklb hi j_^_ey_fufbkh[kl\_ggufbagZq_gbyfbfZljbpuR. L_hj_lbq_kdh_ hibkZgb_ ^_ckl\by gZkusZxs_]h bfimevkZ gZ kibgh \mxkbkl_fm\h[s_fkemqZ_lj_[m_lj_r_gbymjZ\g_gbckbkl_fu–(7) bg_fh`_l[ulv\ujZ`_ghZgZeblbq_kdbH^gZdh\hafh`ghkms_kl\_ggh mijhklblv fZl_fZlbq_kdh_ hibkZgb_ _keb ij_g_[j_qv g_ihkj_^kl\_gguf \ebygb_f JQ \ha^_ckl\by gZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklv k\h[h^ghc njZdpbb >ey wlh]h \ oh^_ wdki_jbf_glZ g_h[oh^bfh aZ^Zlv ^hklZlhqgh [hevrmx hl kljhcdm b gbadmx fhsghklv JQ ihey < wlhf kemqZ_ ihi_j_qgu_ dhfih g_glugZfZ]gbq_gghklbk\h[h^guoijhlhgh\\uiZ^ZxlbamjZ\g_gbc– qlh iha\hey_l kgbablv jZaf_jghklv kbkl_fu k ^h L_hj_lbq_kdbc ZgZeba>@bqbke_ggh_fh^_ebjh\Zgb_>@bfimevkgh]hi_j_ghkZgZfZ] gbq_gghklbijb^Zgghfij_îheh`_gbbihdZaZebqlh^bgZfbdZgZfZ]gb q_gghklb\l_q_gb_gZkusZxs_]hbfimevkZk\ukhdhclhqghklvxhibku \Z_lkywnn_dlb\gufbmjZ\g_gbyfbêyijh^hevguodhfihg_gl <ujZ`_gb_ khhl\_lkl\m_l ehj_gp_\hcnhjf_ebgbbbke_^m_lba klZpbhgZjgh]hj_r_gbymjZ\g_gbc;ehoZ:evl_jgZlb\gu_nmgdpbbnhj fuebgbbwfibjbq_kdbijbf_gy_fu_\YFJmihjy^hq_gguokj_^lZd`_ fh`gh\\_klb\bke_^h\Zl_evgh\mjZ\g_gb_<qZklghklb\klZ pbhgZjghc =-ki_dljhkdhibb [bheh]bq_kdbo fZl_jbZeh\ bkihevah\Zebkv ]Zmkkh\Z>@ ( ) dM ZF / dt = − R1F + k M ZF + k f M ZB + R1F M 0 RrfB = ω12 πg( 2π∆ ) . (10) ( (13) ) 2 T2B  1 exp − 2π∆T2B  π  2  (14) 2   2π∆T2B    exp − 2  sinθdθ | 3cos 2 θ − 1 |   3cos 2 θ − 1     (15) g (2π∆ ) = bkmi_jehj_gp_\Z>@ g( 2π∆ ) = 2 π π2 ∫ 0 T2B nhjfu ebgbb Nmgdpby dZd [ueh ihdZaZgh êy jy^Z [bheh]bq_kdbo ldZg_cin vitro [64] b\_s_kl\Zfha]Zdjukuin vivo>@h[_ki_qb\Z_lemq rmx ZiijhdkbfZpbx wdki_jbf_glZevguo ^Zgguo q_f ehj_gp_\Z b ]Zmk =eZ\Z 104 kh\Z nhjfu ebgbb >Zggh_ h[klhyl_evkl\h h[mkeh\beh \u[hj kmi_jeh j_gp_\hcnhjfuebgbb\gZklhys_cjZ[hl_h^gZdh\hafh`ghg_h[oh^b fh^Zevg_cr__bamq_gb_\hijhkZh[hilbfZevghcnhjf_ebgbbk\yaZgguo ijhlhgh\ \ dhgl_dkl_ bkke_^h\Zgbc gZ q_eh\_d_ in vivo k ijbf_g_gb_f ij_êh`_ggh]hf_lh^Zbfimevkghcdjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhgghcki_dljhkdhibb FZljbqgh_j_r_gb_kbkl_fumjZ\g_gbcêybgl_j\ZeZ\j_ f_gb tmbgZqZevguomkeh\bctm = 0, Mm(0) = Mrbf__l\b^ ( ) ( ( )) M m = exp R rf t m ⋅ M r + I − exp R rf t m ⋅ M SS , (16) ]^_ R rf − R F − k = 1 k  F M ZSS = ( B = fM 0 M ZSS )( (R F 1 k f + +k f (19) ]^_C —^bZ]hgZevgZyfZljbpZ cosα 0 C= . 1  0 MjZ\g_gbyby\eyxlkyhkgh\hcêyjZkq_lZijh^hev ghc gZfZ]gbq_gghklb \ mkeh\byo bfimevkgh]h klZpbhgZjgh]h khklhygby êyex[h]hfhf_glZ\j_f_gbJ_r_gb_mjZ\g_gbcbhlgh kbl_evghMsbf__l\b^ [ ( ) {[ ( ) ] [ )] ( ) ) + k R1B + k f + RrfB − k 2 f , (17) . (18) MjZ\g_gb_ hibku\Z_l ^\mowdkihg_gpbZevgmx w\hexpbx ijh ^hevghcgZfZ]gbq_gghklbdklZpbhgZjghfmkhklhygbxIjbwlhfy\ ey_lkymjZ\g_gb_fnhjfuebgbbklZpbhgZjgh]h=-ki_dljZijbhlkmlkl\bb ijyfh]hJQgZkus_gbygZfZ]gbq_gghklbk\h[h^guoijhlhgh\ >eyhibkZgby^_ckl\bykqblu\Zxs_]hbfimevkZ[m^_fij_îheZ]Zlv qlh hg g_ hdZau\Z_l agZqbfh]h \ebygby gZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklv k\yaZgguo kibgh\ \\b^m ^hklZlhqgh gbadhc fhsghklb b dhjhldhc êbl_evghklb >_ckl\b_ ^Zggh]h bfimevkZ gZ kibgh\mx kbkl_fm fh`gh ij_^klZ\blv dZdih\hjhl\_dlhjZgZfZ]gbq_gghklbk\h[h^ghcnjZdpbbgZm]heα?keb ihi_j_qgu_ dhfihg_glu hlkmlkl\mxl i_j_^ kqblu\Zxsbf bfimevkhf k\yavf_`^m\_dlhjZfbMpbMsbf__l\b^ } . (20) Ba j_r_gby mjZ\g_gbc fh`gh \uqbkeblv ijh^hevgmx gZfZ]gb F \oh^ys_c\\_dlhjMsdhlhjZyijyfh q_gghklvk\h[h^ghcnjZdpbb M ZS ijhihjpbhgZevgZwdki_jbf_glZevghbaf_jy_fhcbgl_gkb\ghklbkb]gZeZ ( R1B k + R1F RrfB + RrfB − k 2 f ] − exp(Rt s ) ⋅ I − exp R rf t m ⋅ (M 0 − M SS ) ) F S mt = M ZS exp − TE / T2* sinα , R1F R1B + R1F k f + R1B k )( M p = C ⋅ Ms , × I − exp R rf t m ⋅ exp(Rt s ) ⋅ exp(Rt r ) ⋅ M 0 − M F  , M SS =  ZSS B   M ZSS  R1F R1B 105 M s = I − exp R rf t m ⋅ exp(Rt s ) ⋅ exp(Rt r ) ⋅ C −1 ×  B B; − R1 − k / f − Rrf  k/ f MSS — \_dlhj klZpbhgZjghc gZfZ]gbq_gghklb k we_f_glZfb khhl\_lkl \mxsbfbagZq_gbyf ijh^hevguodhfihg_glijbklZpbhgZjghfgZkus_gbb R1F R1B + M0 F R1 + k BfimevkgZydjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggZyki_dljhkdhiby (21) ]^_ T2* — wnn_dlb\gh_ \j_fy ihi_j_qghc j_eZdkZpbb k mq_lhf g_h^gh jh^ghkl_cfZ]gblgh]hihey MjZ\g_gb_ihdZau\Z_lqlhgZfZ]gbq_gghklv\mkeh\byobfimevk gh]hklZpbhgZjgh]hkhklhygbyfh`ghijyfh\ujZablvq_j_ajZ\gh\_kgmx klZpbhgZjgmx gZfZ]gbq_gghklv b iZjZf_lju bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_ev ghklb>Zggh_mjZ\g_gb_ij_^klZ\ey_lky[he__m^h[gufêyfZl_fZlbq_ kdh]hfh^_ebjh\Zgbybfimevkgh]hi_j_ghkZgZfZ]gbq_gghklbq_fihôh û hkgh\Zggu_ gZ qbke_gghf j_r_gbb ^bnn_j_gpbZevguo mjZ\g_gbc ;ehoZ-FZdDhgg_eZ>–@<lh`_\j_fyZgZeblbq_kdh_\ujZ`_gb_ F dhlhjh_fh`_l[ulvihemq_ghbahdZau\Z_lkyqj_a\uqZcgh êy M ZS keh`guf b ijZdlbq_kdb [_kihe_aguf êy ZgZebaZ wdki_jbf_glZevguo ^Zgguoqlh^bdlm_lg_h[oh^bfhklv^Zevg_crbomijhs_gbc KijZdlbq_kdhclhqdbaj_gbybgl_j_kghjZkkfhlj_lvkemqZcij_^_ev gh dhjhldbo \j_f_g tm, ts, tr b fZeh]h m]eZ α qlh khhl\_lkl\m_l f_lh^m FJL FLASH (Fast Low-Angle Shot >@ m^h[ghfm êy ijh\_^_gby D- =eZ\Z 106 kdZgbjh\Zgby\dhf[bgZpbbki_j_ghkhfgZfZ]gbq_gghklb:iijhdkbfb jmyFRVαdZd cosα = exp (ln cos α ) ≈ 1 + ln cos α , BfimevkgZydjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggZyki_dljhkdhiby ( ) M (R F m S ≡ S mt S 0 = M ZS R rfB bkihevamybf__f jZaeZ]ZyfZljbqgu_wdkihg_glu\jy^bij_g_[j_]Zyqe_gZfb\ur_i_j\h ]hihjy^dZbaihemqZ_f [ ] [ ] M s ≈ R rf t m + R (t s + t r ) + lnC −1 ⋅ R ⋅ M 0 (t s + t r ) + R rf ⋅ M SS t m . ]^_ (22) Mqblu\Zyqlh75≈ tm + ts + tr_kebêbl_evghklvkqblu\Zxs_]hbf imevkZij_g_[j_`bfhfZeZbijbf_gyylh`^_kl\h  RF  R ⋅ M 0 = R rf ⋅ M SS = − M 0  1 B  ,  fR1  \ujZ`_gb_fh`ghaZibkZlv\\b^_ −1 ]^_s —kd\Z`ghklvgZkusZxsbobfimevkh\ s = t m TR Bake_^m_l F ijb[eb`_gb_i_j\h]hihjy^dZihα êy M ZS : ≈ M0 (R R1F R1B + R1F k f + R1B k + R1F sR rfB F 1 +k )( ) − (ln cos. ) TR R1B + k f + sR rfB − k 2 f P= ( P + (Q − 1) R rfB P + QR rfB ( B rf ) = 0 = 1 − MTR , (26) ) R S R S − R1B + k f (ln cos. ) TR k Q= ( R S − R1B ( k (R (ln cos. ) TR ) R S R1F + k − (lncos. ) TR B S − R1 (25) (lncos. ) TR ) ), (27) ), (28) RS = R1F R1B + R1F k f + R1B k . F  − R1F − k − (ln cos. ) TR   M ZS  R1F  k/f , (23)  B  ≈ M0 B B ⋅  B k − R1 − k / f − sR rf   fR1    M ZS  F M ZS mS = F ZS 107 . (24) <ujZ`_gb_\u]ey^blZgZeh]bqghklZpbhgZjghfmagZq_gbx\ dhlhjhf \f_klh RrfB b R1F ijbkmlkl\mxl wnn_dlb\gu_ agZq_gby sRrfB b R1F − (ln cos . ) TR aZ\bkysb_hliZjZf_ljh\bfimevkghcihke_^h\Zl_ev ghklbMqblu\ZygZebqb_\g_hij_^_e_gghcdhgklZglu M 0 êyZgZ ebaZ wdki_jbf_glZevguo ^Zgguo g_h[oh^bfZ ghjfbjh\dZ gZ bgl_gkb\ ghklv kb]gZeZ ijb hlkmlkl\bb gZkusZxs_]h bfimevkZ S 0 ZgZeh]bqgh jZkq_lm MTR IheZ]Zy qlh êy S0 kijZ\_êb\h \ujZ`_gb_ k F M ZS jZkkqblZggufijb RrfB = 0 kh]eZkghbebêyghjfbjh\Zg ghc\_ebqbgu (29) MjZ\g_gb_hibku\Z_lnhjfmebgbb=-ki_dljZihemq_ggh]h\mk eh\byobfimevkgh]hklZpbhgZjgh]hkhklhygbygZfZ]gbq_gghklbIjbwlhf aZ\bkbfhklv kb]gZeZ hl hlkljhcdb b fhsghklb JQ ihey hij_^_ey_lky nmgdpb_c RrfB \khhl\_lkl\bbk\ujZ`_gbyfbbIZjZf_ljuP, Q b T2B iheghklvx hij_^_eyxl nhjfm ebgbb =-ki_dljZ b fh]ml [ulv gZc^_ gu gZijbf_j k ihfhsvx g_ebg_cgh]h f_lh^Z gZbf_gvrbo d\Z^jZlh\ FGD ba k_jbb baf_j_gbc bgl_gkb\ghkl_c ijb jZaebqguo agZq_gbyo fhsghklb b hlkljhcdb gZkusZxs_]h bfimevkZ G_kfhljy gZ lh qlh dh wnnbpb_glu P b Qy\eyxlky^hklZlhqghkeh`gufbdhf[bgZpbyfbfhe_ dmeyjgh-nbabq_kdboiZjZf_ljh\hij_^_eyxsbo^bgZfbdmgZfZ]gbq_ggh klbbokfukefh`ghijhykgblv\ij_g_[j_`_gbb\_ebqbghc R1B << k f . LZd`_ g_h[oh^bfh hlf_lblv qlh kh]eZkgh ^Zgguf klZpbhgZjghc =ki_dljhkdhibb\_ebqbgZ R1B g_ih^^Z_lkygZ^_`ghfmwdki_jbf_glZevgh fmhij_^_e_gbx—\jZ[hlZo>–@ijb\h^ylkyagZq_gbywlhc\_ebqbgu B khagZqbl_evgufjZa[jhkhf–k–1 Nbabq_kdbij_g_[j_`_gb_ R rf ha gZqZ_l qlh ^hfbgbjmxsbfb f_oZgbafZfb i_j_ghkZ a__fZgh\kdhc wg_j ]bb êy k\yaZgguo kibgh\ y\eyxlky JQ gZkus_gb_ b djhkk-j_eZdkZpby Ijb R1B << k f bf__f ( ) P ≈ R1F − (ln cos α ) TR f , (30) =eZ\Z 108 Q ≈ 1+ ( R1F − (ln cos α ) TR ) k . (31) LZdbfh[jZahfiZjZf_ljuPb Qijb^hklZlhqghfZeuom]eZoα^Zxl hp_gdbhlghr_gbc R1F f b R1F k . BfimevkgZydjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggZyki_dljhkdhiby 109 H[hkgh\Zgghklvijbf_g_gbyijb[eb`_gbyi_j\h]hihjy^dZijbgylh ]h ijb \u\h^_ \ujZ`_gbc b [ueZ mklZgh\e_gZ gZ hkgh\Zgbb kjZ\g_gby j_amevlZlh\ qbke_ggh]h fh^_ebjh\Zgby kh]eZkgh mjZ\g_gbyf b Ijb mkeh\byo wdki_jbf_glZ jZaebqb_ f_`^m lhqguf b ijb[eb`_ggufj_r_gbyfbg_ij_\urZeh %. H[jZ[hldZ djhkk-j_eZdkZpbhgguo ki_dljh\ ijh\h^beZkv ijb ihfhsb ki_pbZevgh jZajZ[hlZgghc dhfivxl_jghc ijh]jZffu j_Zebamxs_c hi lbfbaZpbx wdki_jbf_glZevguo aZ\bkbfhkl_c k ihfhsvx g_ebg_cgh]h FGD \ jZfdZo fZl_fZlbq_kdhc fh^_eb hibku\Z_fhc mjZ\g_gbyfb (13), (15). J_amevlZlubh[km`^_gb_ JbkIjbf_juihkljh_gbyjZkq_lguo]jZnbdh\êyZ-ki_dljh\ijbjZaebqguo ZiiZjZlmjguoiZjZf_ljZoB1bαZlZd`_iZjZf_ljZoh[f_gZ— kbfIh]hjb ahglZevghc hkb hleh`_gh agZq_gb_ hlkljhcdb û \ d=p AgZq_gby nbdkbjh\Zgguo iZjZf_ljh\êyij_^klZ\e_gguo]jZnbdh\bdhff_glZjbbijb\_^_gu\jZ[hl_>@ Wdki_jbf_glZevgZyqZklv Wdki_jbf_glu ih FJL \uihegyebkv gZ Le lhfh]jZn_TOMIKON S50 (BRUKER>eybaf_j_gbydjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhgguoki_dljh\bkihevah \Zebkv lhfh]jZffu ihemq_ggu_ k ihfhsvx bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_ev ghklb D ]jZ^b_glgh]h woZ k i_j_ghkhf gZfZ]gbq_gghklb TR fk TE fk α = 8°I_j_ghk gZfZ]gbq_gghklb hkms_kl\eyeky k ihfhsvx gZkusZxs_]h JQ bfimevkZ k ]Zmkkh\hc nhjfhc h]b[Zxs_c êbl_evgh klvx tm fk>ebl_evghklbbgl_j\Zeh\bfimevkghcihke_^h\Zl_evgh klb ts, tpb tr jbkkhklZ\eyebbfkBaf_j_gbyijh\h^bebkv êyk_jbbagZq_gbc∆\bgl_j\Ze_–d=pb^\moagZq_gbcB1 fdLb fdLgZkusZxs_]hbfimevkZ=jZ^b_glguckihcebg]hkms_kl\eyekyijb ihfhsb^\mobfimevkh\k_e_dlbjmxs_]h]jZ^b_glZkêbl_evghklvxfk b Zfieblm^hc fLf Ijhlhdhe kdZgbjh\Zgby \dexqZe gZdhie_gb_ -o f_jghc fZljbpu ^Zgguo jZaf_jhf ×108× ijhkljZgkl\_ggh_ jZaj_ r_gb_×1.6×ffijbmkj_^g_gbbkb]gZeh\<j_fykdZgbjh\Zgbykh klZ\eyeh fbg H[s__ \j_fy wdki_jbf_glZ êy ihemq_gby djhkkj_eZdkZpbhgguoki_dljh\lhq_d—hdhehq <dZq_kl\_beexkljZpbbddebgbq_kdhfmijbf_g_gbxjZajZ[hlZggh]h f_lh^Z bfimevkghc djhkk-j_eZdkZpbhgghc ki_dljhkdhibb ijb\h^ylky j_ amevlZluwdki_jbf_glZ\uiheg_ggh]hijbbkke_^h\Zgbb]heh\gh]hfha]Z [hevgh]h jZkk_ygguf kde_jhahf HqZ]b ihjZ`_gby [ueb ehdZebah\Zgu \bamZevgh ih ljZ^bpbhggh ijbf_gy_fuf \ ^bZ]ghklbd_ L2-\a\_r_gguf bah[jZ`_gbyf T<B b k ihfhsvx f_lh^bdb )/$,5 h[_ki_qb\Zxs_c dhgljZkl [ebadbc d T<B ijb ih^Z\e_gbb kb]gZeZ k\h[h^ghc `b^dhklb jbkA, BIZlheh]bq_kdbbaf_g_ggh_[_eh_\_s_kl\hoZjZdl_jbam_lky ]bi_jbgl_gkb\gufkb]gZehfgZT<Bb)/$,5-lhfh]jZffZoIjbwlhf\ jZkkfZljb\Z_fhf kemqZ_ hlkmlkl\m_l \ujZ`_ggh_ ih\ur_gb_ L1 \ hqZ]Zo ihjZ`_gby qlh beexkljbjm_lky bahbgl_gkb\guf kb]gZehf gZ T<B jbk 78 C). Jbk FZ]gblgh-j_ahgZgkgu_ lhfh]jZffu ]heh\gh]h fha]Z [hevgh]h jZkk_yg guf kde_jhahf A — T<B B — FLAIR; C — dZjlZ MTR ijb ∆ d=p <1 = 5 fdLDbE —dZjluêyPbQkhhl\_lkl\_gghHqZ]bihjZ`_gbyhlf_q_guklj_e dZfb 110 =eZ\Z Bah[jZ`_gb_ ihkljh_ggh_ ih jZkij_^_e_gbx MTR (MTR-dZjlbjh\Zgb_ ^_fhgkljbjm_l \ujZ`_ggh_ kgb`_gb_ \_ebqbgu MTR \ ahgZo ihjZ `_gbyjbkDqlhgZoh^blky\ohjhr_fkhhl\_lkl\bbkebl_jZlmjgu fb^Zggufb>@ >ey^\mohqZ]h\ihjZ`_gbyZlZd`_êyghjfZevgh]h[_eh]hbk_jh]h \_s_kl\Z fha]Z ih ^Zgguf k_jbb baf_j_gbc hibkZgguo \ wdki_jbf_g lZevghcqZklb[uebihkljh_gudjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggu_ki_dljuJbk BfimevkgZydjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggZyki_dljhkdhiby LZ[ebpZJ_amevlZluh[jZ[hldbdjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhgguoki_dljh\]heh\gh]h fha]Z[hevgh]hjZkk_yggufkde_jhahf IZjZf_ljuZ-ki_dljZ J_]bhg ;_eh_\_s_kl\h K_jh_\_s_kl\h HqZ] HqZ] JbkBfimevkgu_djhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggu_ki_dljuA —[_eh]h\_s_kl\ZB — k_jh]h \_s_kl\Z b C, D — hqZ]h\ ihjZ`_gby ]heh\gh]h fha]Z [hevgh]h jZkk_yg guf kde_jhahf wdki_jbf_glZevgu_ agZq_gby ijb B1 fdL gb`gyy \_l\v b fdL\_jogyy\_l\vl_hj_lbq_kdb_ki_dljukiehrgu_ebgbbjZkkqblZguêyiZ jZf_ljh\baLZ[eihmjZ\g_gbyfIh]hjbahglZevghchkbhleh`_ gZhlkljhcdZ∆\d=p Hilbfbabjh\Zggu_ k ihfhsvx g_ebg_cgh]h FGD êy \k_]h gZ[hjZ wdki_jbf_glZevguo ^Zgguo iZjZf_lju P,Q b T2B Z lZd`_ wdki_jbf_g lZevgu_agZq_gby MTRijb\_^_gu\lZ[eDZd\b^ghbajbkij_êh `_ggZy l_hj_lbq_kdZy fh^_ev ^hklZlhqgh Z^_d\Zlgh hibku\Z_l wdki_jb f_glZevgu_ aZ\bkbfhklb JZaebqby nhjfu ebgbb djhkk-j_eZdkZpbhgguo ki_dljh\êyghjfZevgh]hbiZlheh]bq_kdbbaf_g_ggh]h\_s_kl\Zfha]Z\ hkgh\ghfhij_^_eyxlkyiZjZf_ljZfbP b Q. Ijb wlhf \_ebqbgZ T2B hibku\ZxsZy rbjbgm kmi_jehj_gp_\hc eb gbb ih]ehs_gby k\yaZgguo ijhlhgh\ hdZau\Z_lky ijZdlbq_kdb h^bgZdh \hcêy\k_oki_dljh\>Zgguc\u\hôhjhrhkh]eZkm_lkykj_amevlZlZfb bkke_^h\Zgbc ih klZpbhgZjghc =-ki_dljhkdhibb > @ kh]eZkgh dhlh juf \ ij_îheh`_gbb kmi_jehj_gp_\hc nhjfu ebgbb agZq_gby T2B êy jZaebqguoldZg_cqj_a\uqZcgh[ebadbbe_`Zl\ij_^_eZo–fdk 111 T2B fdk 9.1 ± 0.6 8.8 ± 0.5 8.9 ± 0.7 8.6 ± 0.6 P=p Q 20.5 ± 1.5 23.6 ± 1.4 32.6 ± 2.5 27.9 ± 1.9 1.31± 0.16 1.36 ± 0.15 1.38 ± 0.26 1.43 ± 0.21 MTR, % Ijb ∆ = 2 d=p <1 = 5 fdL 41.6 ± 1.5 37.7 ± 1.5 31.5 ± 1.8 32.7 ± 1.7 KhihklZ\e_gb_^ZgguolZ[ebpuiha\hey_lhp_gblv^bZ]ghklbq_kdb_ b bkke_^h\Zl_evkdb_ i_jki_dlb\u djhkk-j_eZdkZphgghc ki_dljhkdhibb GZb[he__\ujZ`_ggu_jZaebqbyf_`^mghjfZevgufbbiZlheh]bq_kdbfb ldZgyfb gZ[ex^Zxlky êy iZjZf_ljZ P LZd`_ bf_xl f_klh agZqbfu_ jZaebqby \_ebqbg MTR h^gZdh hlghkbl_evguc ^bZiZahg bo baf_g_gbc f_gvr_q_fêyP<ujZ`_ggucoZjZdl_jiZlheh]bq_kdbobaf_g_gbc\_ ebqbguPfh`ghbgl_jij_lbjh\Zlv\khhl\_lkl\bbkmjZ\g_gb_fdZd ke_^kl\b_ mf_gvr_gby hlghkbl_evgh]h kh^_j`Zgby njZdpbb k\yaZgguo ijhlhgh\ f ijb ^_fb_ebgbabjmxs_f ijhp_kk_ K ^Zgguf \u\h^hf kh ]eZkm_lky lhl nZdl qlh êy [_eh]h \_s_kl\Z P f_gvr_ q_f êy k_jh]h :gZeh]bqgZyl_g^_gpbybf__lf_klhêyiZjZf_ljZQgh^bZiZahg_]hba f_g_gbckhbaf_jbfkih]j_rghklvxhij_^_e_gbyG_h[oh^bfhhlf_lblv qlh mdZaZggu_ jZaebqby g_ y\eyxlky hljZ`_gb_f \deZ^Z ijh^hevghc j_ eZdkZpbb kh]eZkgh mjZ\g_gbyf b lZd dZd baf_g_gby gZ[ex^Z_ fhc kdhjhklb ijh^hevghc j_eZdkZpbb \ ldZgyo ijb[ebabl_evgh jZ\ghc R1F bf_xlijhlb\hiheh`gucoZjZdl_j[_eh_\_s_kl\h!k_jh_\_s_kl\h≥ h[eZklb^_fb_ebgbaZpbbFZehfmbaf_g_gbxagZq_gbciZjZf_ljZQih\b^bfhfm khhl\_lkl\m_l fZeh_ jZaebqb_ dhgklZgl kdhjhklb djhkkj_eZdkZpbb k êy bamq_gguo ldZg_c Ihemq_ggu_ j_amevlZlu iha\heyxl bgl_jij_lbjh\ZlvgZ[ex^Z_fu_iZlheh]bq_kdb_baf_g_gbyMTRdZdijh y\e_gb_ \deZ^Z \_ebqbgu P b ke_^h\Zl_evghf < lh`_ \j_fy g_evay bk dexqblv qlh ijb iZlheh]byo oZjZdl_jbamxsboky agZqbl_evgufb baf_ g_gbyfb fZdjhfhe_dmeyjghc kljmdlmju \ebygb_ iZjZf_ljZ Q hdZ`_lky [he__agZqbfuf 112 =eZ\Z BfimevkgZydjhkk-j_eZdkZpbhggZyki_dljhkdhiby 113 <u\hû Jbk. 80. IZjZf_ljbq_kdb_ dZjlu nhjfbjm_fu_ ijb wdki_jbf_glZo k i_j_ghkhf gZfZ]gbq_gghklb >@ >ey FJL-bkke_^h\Zgby [hevgh]h jZkk_ygguf kde_jhahf ij_^klZ\e_guA — T<BB, C, D, E-dZjlukhhl\_lkl\_gghT1, MTR (∆ d=p k, f. JbkHkgh\gu_iZjZf_ljbq_kdb_dZjlunhjfbjm_fu_ijbwdki_jbf_glZoki_ j_ghkhf gZfZ]gbq_gghklb >@ >ey FJL-bkke_^h\Zgby [hevgh]h ]ebhfhc ij_^ klZ\e_guA — FLAIR, B, C, D, E-dZjlukhhl\_lkl\_gghT1, MTR (∆ d=pk,f. <jZ[hl_>@ijb\h^ylkyagZq_gby\_ebqbgf (%) bk (k–1)ihemq_gguo iml_f i_j_kq_lZ iZjZf_ljh\PbQ êyg_dhlhjuoghjfZevguobiZlheh ]bq_kdbo ldZg_c Wlb \_ebqbgu khklZ\beb êy ^Zgguo iZjZf_ljh\ ke_ ^mxsb_agZq_gby[_eh_\_s_kl\h — 11–15 %, 5.5–7.5k–1; k_jh_\_s_kl\h — 6–8 %, 3.6–4.8 k–1; hqZ]b ^_fb_ebgbaZpbb ijb jZkk_ygghf kde_jha_ 2.5–6.5 %, 1.8–4.5k–1; himoheb (]ebhfZbwi_g^bfhfZ) — 5 b 3 %, 1.5 b 2.5 k–1; ahgZ hl_dZ — 4 %, 3 k–1. <_ebqbgu T2B dZd h[gZjm`behkv e_`Zl \ ^bZiZahg_8.0–9.5fdkb[ebadbêyjZaebqguoldZg_c Ij_^klZ\e_ggu_j_amevlZlubf_xlkdhj__^_fhgkljZpbhggucoZjZd l_jb\hafh`ghlj_[m_lky[he__^_lZevgh_h[hkgh\Zgb_êykljh]bodh ebq_kl\_gguohp_ghdHkgh\ghcj_amevlZlkhklhbl\lhfqlhgZijZdlbd_ ihdZaZgZ ijbgpbibZevgZy \hafh`ghklv ijh\_^_gby wdki_jbf_glh\ ih djhkk-j_eZdkZpbhgghc ki_dljhkdhibb \ mkeh\byo debgbq_kdhc FJL 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kb]gZeh\ ba-aZ ZiiZjZlmjguo g_kh\_j r_gkl\ L_f g_ f_g__ \k_ ba^_j`db k\yaZggu_ k mkdhj_gb_f ijhp_kkZ kdZgbjh\ZgbykqblZxlkyhijZ\^Zggufb_kebaZkq_lih\ur_gby\j_f_g gh]hjZaj_r_gbyfh`ghba\e_qvihe_agmxbgnhjfZpbx <bamZebaZpbyZjlbdmeylhjguohj]Zgh\\ijhp_kk_ ihjh`^_gbyj_qb <dZq_kl\_ijbf_jZNFJLfh`ghhlf_lblvijh\_^_ggu_\PFLKbk ke_^h\ZgbyihFJL-\bamZebaZpbbZjlbdmeylhjguohj]Zgh\\ijhp_kk_ih jh`^_gby j_qb :dlmZevghklv lZdh]h bkke_^h\Zgby h[mkeZ\eb\Z_lky l_f qlh \ gZklhys__ \j_fy hlkmlkl\mxl ^hklh\_jgu_ agZgby h ^bgZfbq_kdbo BgnhjfZpbhggucihl_gpbZeFJL-baf_j_gbc 115 f_oZgbafZo ihjh`^_gby j_qb Ihwlhfm ij_^klZ\ey_l bgl_j_k \uy\blv hkh[_gghklb jZ[hlu hj]Zgh\ hl\_lkl\_gguo aZ ]hehkh\h_ \hkijhba\_^_ gb_j_qb—]m[yaudZjhlh\hcihehklbibs_\h^Z]hjlZgbb^j>hg_ ^Z\g_]h\j_f_gbgZb[he__bgnhjfZlb\gufkj_^kl\hfwdki_jbf_glZevgh ]h bkke_^h\Zgby j_q_\hc Zjlbdmeypbb kqblZeZkv nhlhj_gl]_gh]jZnby K ihfhsvxwlh]hf_lh^Zihkljh_gZba\_klgZyZjlbdmeylhjgZy[ZaZjmkkdh]h yaudZ >@ Ijhp_kk ihemq_gby nhlhj_gl]_gh]jZff l_ogbq_kdb keh`_g 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On-line visualisation of the Russian speech articulation’s dynamics through magnetic resonance imaging: towards new referential database for speech recognition and speaker identification // IAFP 2003, Abstracts of the IAFP Annual conference, Vienna, Austria, 29th June - 2ndJuly 2003. 96. :gbkbfh\ G< D_^jh\Z =? Ijbf_g_gb_ fZ]gblgh-j_ahgZgkghc lhfh]jZnbbêybkke_^h\ZgbyZjlbdmeylhjguoijhp_kkh\ihjh`^_gbyj_ qbGh\hklbYFJ\ibkvfZo-k-5. 97.:gbkbfh\G<D_^jh\Z=?Mkljhckl\hêybkke_^h\ZgbyZjlbdm eylhjguoijhp_kkh\ihjh`^_gbyj_qbIZl_glJNijbhjbl_lhl 18.08.2003. 98. :gbkbfh\ G< D_^jh\Z =? AZoZjh\ EF Ibjh]h\ X: FJL\bamZebaZpby ijhp_kkh\ Zjlbdmeypbb ijb ihjh`^_gbb j_qb II ?\jZa dhg]jihf_^nbabd_bbg`_g_jbbF_^bpbgkdZynbabdZ—Fhkd\Z 21-bxgyK[fZl_jbZeh\k-240. 99. IvyguoHK<\_^_gb_\ij_^klZ\e_gb_bh[jZ[hldmf_^bpbgkdhc bgnhjfZpbb \ Bgl_jg_l_ F_^bpbgkdZy \bamZebaZpby k137. 100. Ibjh]h\X:Dhjrmgh\:::gbkbfh\G<Kfuqdh\:K=m[ kdbc E< =eZ^mg << ;ZaZ ^Zgguo FJ-bkke_^h\Zgbc k ^hklmihf q_j_a Bgl_jg_lkha^ZggZykihfhsvxk_l_\uol_ogheh]bcbyaudZijh]jZffb jh\Zgby;0/([WHQVLEOH0DUNXS/DQJXDJHLjmû<k_jhkkgZmqgdhgn GZmqguck_j\bk\k_lbBGL?JG?LGh\hjhkkbckd-k_gl]k 130. 101. Ibjh]h\X:Dhjrmgh\:::gbkbfh\G<=m[kdbcE<=eZ ^mg<<Kfuqdh\:K;ZaZ^ZgguoFJL-bah[jZ`_gbcbkhimlkl\mxs_c bgnhjfZpbbIjbf_g_gb_l_ogheh]bcInternetêykljmdlmjbaZpbbbgnhj fZpbb \ lhfh]jZnbq_kdhc eZ[hjZlhjbb F_^DhfL_o FZl_jbZeu -]h JhkkgZmqgnhjmfZF-n_\jk-97. 102. :gbkbfh\G<=eZ^mg<<=m[kdbcE<Ibjh]h\X:Lbs_g dh>:;ZaZ^Zgguoihbkke_^h\ZgbyfFJLk^hklmihfq_j_aBgl_jg_l Ljmû<k_jhkkgZmqgdhgnGZmqguck_j\bk\k_lbBGL?JG?L]Gh\h jhkkbckd-k_gl]k-47. 103. <_joexlh\<FKZggbdh\>:DjZkgh\F<Yjguo<EIbjh ]h\ X:, :gbkbfh\ G< Lj_of_jgZy j_dhgkljmdpby ]heh\u b ]heh\gh]h fha]Zih^ZggufFJLF_^bpbgkdZynbabdZFZl_jbZeuI?\jZabckdh]h 138 Ki b k h d e b l _ j Z l m j u dhg]jqZklvVIFZ]gblgh-j_ahgZgkgZybdhfivxl_jgZylhfh ]jZnbyL_a^hdek 104. R_\_e_\B:<_joexlh\<F;Zjd?>Iheygkdbc<;Yjguo <E :gbkbfh\ G< >bgZfbq_kdZy ehdZebaZpby ^bihevgh]h bklhqgbdZ ZevnZ-jblfZfha]Zq_eh\_dZih^ZggufWW=bFJLF_^bpbgkdZynbab dZ FZl_jbZeu I ?\jZabckdh]h dhg]j qZklv VI FZ]gblghj_ahgZgkgZybdhfivxl_jgZylhfh]jZnbyL_a^hdek 105. Talairach J., Tournoux P. Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain // Thieme, New York, 1988. 106. Ashton Ed. Method and system for automatic identification and quantification of abnormal anatomical structures in medical images // Patent US 6731782 B2, 04.05.2004. 107. :gbkbfh\G<=eZ^mg<<=m[kdbcE<Ibjh]h\X:Lbs_g dh >: BgnhjfZpbhggu_ \hafh`ghklb [Zau ^Zgguo ih bkke_^h\Zgbyf FJLk^hklmihfq_j_aBgl_jg_lLjmû<k_jhkkgZmqgdhgnGZmqguc k_j\bk\k_lbBGL?JG?LGh\hjhkkbckd-k_glc. 190-193. 108. :gbkbfh\G<=eZ^mg<<Mkljhckl\hêyk[hjZZgljhihf_ljb q_kdbo^ZgguoIZl_glJNAZy\dZijbhjbl_lhl 17.09.2004. 109. Woltring H.J. B-spline data smoothing using generalized crossvalidation and mean squared prediction or explicit user smoothing // www.netlib.org/gcv/index.html University of Nijmegen, Philips Medical Systems, Eindhoven (The Netherlands). H]eZ\e_gb_ 139 H=E:<E?GB? 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