`Записки сумасшедшего` Н.В. Гоголя

advertisement
EUROPA ORIENTALIS 31 (2012)
“ " "$"%%” . . &
,9'2C453: '4'2/.: “'6/851 8:3'8?,+?,*5” 658)E@,4' 4,+')4EE 89'9CE '0/ F4,4F4.1 )957 7'883'97/)',9 *5*52,)81:D 65),89C ) 1549,189, .'6'+45,)756,0815*5 8,49/3,49'2/.3', 753'49/.3' / +'2,, 7:8815*5 ‘),79,7/.3'’, 95 ,89C 59,>,89),44B< 675/.),+,4/0, ) 950 /2/ /450
89,6,4/ /49,79,189:'2C45 8)E.'44B< 85 “"97'+'4/E3/ D45*5 ,79,7'”
,9, (1774).
. F4,4F4 4'.B)',9 82,+:D@/, 585(,44589/ +4,)4/1' 1'1 2/9,7'9:745*5 -'47': ') “+2E <:+5-,89),445*5 +4,)4/1' 1'1 2/9,7'9:745*5
-'47' <'7'19,745 65),89)5)'4/, 59 6,7)5*5 2/=' 1'1 ,+/489),445*5
4'77'957'”;2 () 65),89)5)'9,2C 67,+89')2E,9 5+45)7,3,445 “8:(A,19 /
5(A,19” 4'77'9/)'; )) ) +4,)4/1, “'1=,49/7:,98E )7,3E 4'6/8'4/E”,
9,189 85895/9 /. “;7'*3,49'74B<, 1'1 67')/25, +'9/75)'44B< 4'+6/8,0”;3 *) ) +4,)4/1, “8'353: '19: 65),89)5)'4/E :+,2E,98E 585(5, )4/3'4/, 8 6535@CD 9,3'9/.'=// 675=,88' 6/8'4/E”.4
' 5845), 81'.'445*5 )B+)/*',98E 6525-,4/, 5 +4,)4/15)50 4573,,
59458E@,,8E “1 6/?:@,3: 8:(A,19:, 15365./=//, 89/2D / E.B1: +4,)4/1'”.5 ":@,89)5)'4/, 4573B 67,+652'*',9 / )5.35-4589C ,F 4'7:?,4/E. 7/3,4/9,2C45 1 “'6/81'3 8:3'8?,+?,*5” ')957 7'883'97/)',9
+'2,, 82,+:D@/, )56758B: “1'>,89)' 6/?:@,*5 8:(A,19', 6/8C35 /
E.B1 1'1 9,3B / /< 5945?,4/, 1 2/>4589/ 6/?:@,*5 8:(A,19', ' 9'1-,
855945?,4/, 3,-+: 7/957/150 (,.:3/E / +4,)4/15)50 ;57350”.6
9458/9,2C45 “6/?:@,*5 8:(A,19'” . F4,4F4 67/+,7-/)',98E
95>1/ .7,4/E, 85895E@,0 ) 953, >95 567/@/4 – 82/?153 4,.4'>/9,2C_________________
1
. “'6/81/ 8:3'8?,+?,*5” .. 5*52E / ,)756,081/0 2/9,7'9:74B0
+4,)4/1 // )756' ) !588//. "(. 89'9,0. ., 2010. ". 142-161.
2
#'3 -,. ". 144.
3
#'3 -,.
4
#'3 -,. ". 145.
5
#'3 -,.
6
#'3 -,.
58
,> *'6,-01;, $+2 ,$ 4!1$1 “02 9$)1'!,-( 0+-/$3*$)0''”, 0+-.-&,,'>; +-1'!'/-!) $"- #,$!,') – <1- !-&+28$,'$ 01/,,:+ ',5'#$,1-+ (/&"-!-/ 0- 6$) – ..) ' 01/4, ./- 2%#$+:( <1'+ 0- :1'$+”.7 -./'8',, .- +,$,'= !1-/, ,$ -1*'6$1 6$*-!$) -1 $"- 6',;
0*'!=10> $"- "**=5',1-/,:( +'/ ' “!,$1$)01-!> #$(01!'1$*;,-01;” (,)1-$1$/ 2/") 1)'+ - /&-+, 61- #*> .-!$01!-!1$*>-.$/0-,% - +'/ “./$#01!*>=10> ! -#',)-!-( +$/$ /$*;,:+'”, '
"/,'5 +$%#2 ,'+' (! -1*'6'$ -1 6'11$*> “.'0-)”) “,6',$1 '06$&1;”.8
/8>0; ) “>&:)2 ' "-*-02 #$(01!2=8$"- *'5”, . ?,$,?, 0!>&:!$1 !:0-)2= -5$,)2 .'0;+$,,-( /$6', ./'0282= -./'8',2, 0
1$+, 61- “.'0;+$,,:$ #-)2+$,1: 0+' .- 0$ $ ./$#01!*>=1 !*01;”.
1- !$0;+ -1*'6$10> -1 ‘,-/+:’, ! )-1-/-( “5$,1/*;,> /-*; 0*-!
'*' >&:) ! )-,01'125'' 6$*-!$6$0)-( *'6,-01'” ./'.'0:!$10> /-+,1'6$0)-+2 +:7*$,'=. -./'8',2, ./-#-*%$1 . ?,$,?,, 0 1/2#-+ #$10> 201,-$ ,$.-0/$#01!$,,-$ - 8$,'$, &#$0; >&:) “.-01->,,'&+$,>$1 $+2”. /**$*; 0- “1/#,'>+' =,-"- $/1$/” ! #,,-+
0*26$ 20+1/'!$10> ! 1-+, 61- !- !/$+> '&#,'> "?1$!0)-"- <.'01-*>/,-"- /-+, “-1)& -1 201,-( )-++2,')5''” (1- $01;, 0- 01!$,,"-!-/>, 21'&+ – ..) 1-*)-!*0> “)) &,) .0'4'6$0)-"- /001/-(01!”. $/1$/ ' -./'8', “04-#,: +$%#2 0- -( ! ,$0.-0- ,-01' .'01; ./!'*;,-, ' ,6*;,')' - -'4 6',-!,')-! 2./$)=1 '4 ! ,$ /$%,-01'”.9 ) .-*"$1 . ?,$,?,, “-./'8', 01/$+'10> .-)&1; 0!-$
*"-/-#,-$ ./-'04-%#$,'$ 6$/$& .'0;+$,,2= /$6;, )-1-/> #*> ,$"./$#01!*>$1 0- -( 0-5'*;,2= .-&2”.10 -./'8', “,$ +-%$1 0*$#-!1; ,-/++ *'1$/12/,-"- >&:)” (! -1*'6'$ -1 $/1$/), $"- >&:)
“0-01-'1 '& /&,:4 01'*$(, .-#/%> +,$/+ 1- 201,-( /$6', 1- .'0;+$,,-"- >&:) ' !/;'/2>0; -1 *'1$/12/,-( 01'*'01')' 0$,1'+$,1*'&+ #- -3'5'*;,-"- %/"-,”.11 0:*>0; , '&!$01,2= 011;= .
(4$, 2+ - “',$*'” . . -"-*>, . ?,$,?, "-!-/'1 - 0)&$ “))
&,)$ .-./'8',0)-"- (' "-"-*$!0)-"-) 01'*>”, ' 01!'1 ! 0!>&' 0 /00+-1/$,'$+ >&:) “.'0-)” 6/$&!:6(,- !%,:( !-./-0: “1- +-%$1
#- !'1; ) .-/1/$12 02+07$#7$"- .-!$01!-!1$*> 1)-$ )-*$ ,'$
+$%#2 .'0;+$,,:+ >&:)-+ ' 201,-( /$6;=, +$%#2 .'728'+ ' "-!-/>8'+ 02 9$)1+'?”12
_________________
7
+ %$. . 146.
+ %$. . 148.
9
+ %$. . 149.
10
+ %$. . 150.
11
+ %$.
12
+ %$.
8
“"# #$ #''!” . . !!(
59
9+,2B4:D *2')1: . F4,4F4 658)E@',9 “:+)5,4/D *5258' 65),89)5)'9,2E”. 2')4A3 E)2E,98E 855945?,4/, 85('>B/< 6/8,3, E)2ED@/<8E 4' 8'353 +,2, “675+:19'3/ 85(89),445*5 4,:7')45),?,445*5 :3'”
567/@/4', / ')957815*5 65),89)5)'4/E. 75/8<5+/9 “6,7)5, 7'.+)5,4/, 2/>4589/”, / “>,7,. 6,7,6/81: 567/@/4: 67,+589')2E,98E )5.35-4589B 6583597,9B 4' 8,(E 8 95>1/ .7,4/E “+7:*5*5”, )82,+89)/, >,*5 675/8<5+/9 )9575, 7'.+)5,4/, 2/>4589/ 4' 9,3'9/>,8153 / 8D-,9453 :75)4E<”.13 8)E./ 8 6/8B3'3/ ,+-/, . F4,4F4 593,>',9, >95
) 592/>/, 59 ,79,7', 67582,-/)'D@,*5 7'.)/9/, 8)5,*5 85.4'4/E )
+4,)4/1,, “567/@/4, 4'5(5759, 4, 67/4/3',9 67')+A, 651' 54 4, )/+/9 ,F ) 6/8B3,4453 +51:3,49,. *5 85(89),44'E *'22D=/4'=/E 651'.A)',9 ,3: 6:9B 1 7,'2B4589/”.14 . F4,4F4 4'89'/)',9 4' 953, >95
“)A851'E =,44589B 6/8B3,445*5 E.A1' ) *2'.'< 567/@/4' )A.)'4'
67,89/-,3, 8)E.'44A3 8 4/3, ' 4, 8 67,)58<5+89)53 )A7'./9,2B450 8/2A 6/8B3,445*5 E.A1'”. 4' 6/?,9 5 )A85153 6';58,, <'7'19,7453 +2E
*,75E ) 85895E4// 17'04,*5 154;2/19'. %959 6';58 675E)2E,98E : ,79,7' ) 9581, 65 +53:, ) 6582,+4/< 6/8B3'< – ) 7/957/>,8153 5(7'@,4// 1 5*:; : 567/@/4' “9/6/>45 753'49/>,81'E 3/;,3' 6:9,?,89)/E” 67,2532E,98E ) “.'),7?'D@,3 )817/1,” 567/@/4', ) 6';58, 7/957/>,815*5 5(7'@,4/E.
!9'9BE . F4,4F4, 1'1 C95 :-, )/+45 /. /.25-,4/E ,F 1'7+/4'2B4A< 6525-,4/0, 592/>',98E *2:(/450 '4'2/.' / 6754/='9,2B4A3/ 3,91/3/ .'3,>'4/E3/. !2,+:,9 8+,2'9B :95>4,4/, 59458/9,2B45 -'47' *5*52,)815*5 675/.),+,4/E. . F4,4F4 5+45.4'>45 59458/9 ,*5 1 -'47:
+4,)4/1'. ,.:825)45, +4,)4/1 / .'6/81/ /3,D9 5(@/, >,79A, >95 :+5895),7E,98E 95215)'4/,3 825)' "# ) 95215)53 825)'7,: “$B/-2/(5
4'(2D+,4/E, .'3,>'4/E, )58653/4'4/E / 9.6., 6589,6,445 .'458/3A, 4'
(:3'*: <...> /9,7'9:745, 675/.),+,4/, ) ;573, +4,)4/1', )58653/4'4/0”.15 5 C9/ -'47A /3,D9 7'.4:D *,4,9/1:. 5 3A82/ . &. /<,,)', +4,)4/1 )A)5+/98E /. -'47' >'8945*5 6/8B3',16 ) 95 )7,3E 1'1 ) .'6/81'< 85<7'4E,98E 1:2B9:745-/8957/>,81'E 6'3E9B 5 +,25)53 +51:3,49,.17 '44A0 ;'19 67,+89')2E,98E 4,3'25)'-4A3: +2E 567/@/4',
1'1 >/45)4/1', ,89,89),445 *2:(515 2/>4A, 6,7,-/)'4/E 67,+89')2E9B
+2E 8,(E 4, ) ;573, +4,)4/1', 45 ) ;573, .'6/851.
_________________
13
"'3 -,. !. 153.
"'3 -,. !. 151.
15
!25)'7B 7:8815*5 E.A1' ) >,9A7,< 953'<. "53 1. !. 556.
16
!3. & . . 4,)4/1 1'1 C*5-9,189 ( 588/E, #I#-##). ., 2007.
17
825)'< ‘.'6/8B’, ‘.'6/81'’, ‘.'6/81/’, ‘.'6/8450’ ) /8957/>,8153 1549,189, 83.:
% ! . . '6/84'E 14/-1' 6/8'9,2E: 89,45*7'33' -/.4/. ., 2012. 2. 1.
14
60
$ 2 # 3 # ' 1 - 4 ( 0 # * % # 0 + B 18
.+0&%+45+:(4-1, 51:-+ *3(0+B 0#*%#0+( &1&1.(%4-1&1 5(-45# 23('45#%.B(5 41$1, 46$45#05+%01( 4.1%141:(5#0+(, % -15131/ % -#:(45%(
623#%.BA<(&1 4.1%# %>4562#(5 46<(45%+5(.?01( , # % -#:(45%(
623#%.B(/1&1 – 46<(45%+5(.?01( ! "". 01 /15+%+31%#01 23+.#&#5(.?0>/ ! "", 1$3#*1%#00>/ 265(/ 43#<(0+B 23+:#45+B +
46<(45%+5(.?01&1 % -14%(001/ 2#'()( ( "" !).19 6'6:+ 46$45#05+%+31%#00>/, @51 23+.#&#5(.?01( 6451,:+%1 760-9+10+31%#.1 %
3644-1/ '+4-634( % '%68 *0#:(0+B8: “53#'#A<+, '6;(%0>/, 24+8+:(4-+/ 3#44531,45%1/, 6/#.+;(00>,” <...> . !53#5+%;+, 42141$0145? *'3#%1 3#446)'#5?, 214562#A<+, 0(1$'6/#001, $(*3#446'01”.20
46$45#05+%01/ 4.1%141:(5#0++ '#001&1 5+2# 623#%.B(/1( 4.1%1 %
31'+5(.?01/ 2#'()( +/((5 123('(.+5(.?01-46$=(-501( *0#:(0+(, 51
(45? 1$1*0#:#(5 51&1, “-51 '(,45%6(5, -51 1$.#'#(5 4%1,45%1/, 23('/(51/ (% ;+31-1/ 4/>4.( 4.1%#, -51 (:51) +/((5 1501;(0+( - -1/6-:(/6.., %-.A:#(5 -1&1-:51-.. % 4%1, 4145#%, 15 -1&1 (:(&1) :51-.. +481'+5,
-(/ (:(/) 231+*%1'+54B”.21 713/#.?01, 51:-+ *3(0+B 41:(5#0+( B%.B(54B #$41.A501 013/#5+%0>/ + /1)(5 $>5? +451.-1%#01 % 3#/-#8 .A$1, +* 23+%('(00>8 -10-3(5+*#9+, 123('(.+5(.?01-46$=(-501&1 *0#:(0+B. .1)0145? % 210+/#0++ %1*0+-#(5 +*-*# '%1,01&1 *0#:(0+B 46<(45%+5(.?01&1 , 01 % 2(3%6A 1:(3('? – +*-*# 42(9+7+:(4-1, 4(/#05+-+ 46<(45%+5(.?01&1 ! "".
-#:(45%( 46$45#05+%+31%#001&1 23+.#&#5(.?01&1 ! "" –
@51 0#*%#0+( .+9#. 0#.+*+36B +/(0# .+9 4 51:-+ *3(0+B +8 42141$0145+ %>21.0B5? +'(05+7+9+36A<6A +.+ 8#3#-5(3+*6A<6A 31.?, . .
365A01%# 15/(:#(5, :51 +/(0# .+9 4 23('+-#50>/ *0#:(0+(/, 23()'(
%4(&1, -#:(45%(00>( + 19(01:0>( +/(0#, “+421.?*6A54B 0( 451.?-1 '.B
+'(05+7+-#9++ 23('/(5# 3(:+ (0( '.B 51&1, :51$> 0#*%#5?), 4-1.?-1
'.B 51&1, :51$> '#5? 1 3(7(3(05( 0(-15136A +0713/#9+A +.+ %>3#_________________
18
4513+B 0#*%#0+B &1&1.(%4-1, 21%(45+ 5<#5(.?01 +44.('1%#0#. #3+#05> 0#*%#0+, (“#2+4-+ 46/#4;(';(&1 /6*>-#05#”, “.1:-+ +* *#2+41- 46/#4;(';(&1”) %1481'B5 - 231+*%('(0+B/ ". .. 17/#0# – 5#- )(, -#- + *#/>4(. 21%(45+. /. 1//(05#3++ - “.1:-#/ +* *#2+41- 46/#4;(';(&1” %: $ . . 1.01( 41$3#0+( 41:+0(0+,.
. 3. >3#)#A $.#&1'#30145? .. 1:#31%6 *# 23('145#%.(00>( /0( -1//(05#3++ “#2+4-#/ 46/#4;(';(&1” % 5. 6 51&1 )( +*'#0+B (% 2(:#5+).
19
644-#B &3#//#5+-#. 1/ I. ., 1980, . 327. #-)( 1$3#*1%#01 + 46<(45%+5(.?01(
!"# ("# !).
20
.1%#3? 3644-1&1 B*>-# % :(5>3(8 51/#8. 1/ IV. . 305.
21
644-#B &3#//#5+-#. ., 1980. 1/ II. . 428.
“!/(1*( 13,!17&%7&$.” . . .$.+;
61
*+5? - 0(/6 4%1( 1501;(0+(, '.B 51&1, :51$> 1$1*0#:+5? +.+ 1$1*%#5?”.22 0#:( &1%13B, 21 '#001, 01/+0#9++ 0(.?*B 645#01%+5? (C 3(7(3(05#. . . #'6:(%#, 3#44/#53+%#B '(015#5+%0>( 45#564> +/(00>8
&3622, 2+;(5 1 %>'(.(001/ % 5(13++ 3(7(3(09++ #53+$65+%01/ 62153($.(0++:
53+$65+%0>/ 62153($.(0+(/ '(4-3+29++ 0#*>%#(54B 5#-1(, 23+ -15131/
&1%13B<+, +421.?*6(5 '(4-3+29+A '.B 65%(3)'(0+B, -#4#A<(&14B 51&1 .+9#
+.+ 23('/(5#, -15131( 6'1%.(5%13B(5 '#001, '(4-3+29++, – -51 $> @51 0+ $>.,
51 (45? 0( +/(B % %+'6 0+-#-1&1 -10-3(501&1 1$=(-5#. #23+/(3, %>4-#*>%#0+(
"()5! ,(2! – 13,!17&%7() /1)(5 $>5? 4'(.#01 % 4+56#9++, -1&'# 6$+,9#
23
%11$<( 0(+*%(45(0 &1%13B<(/6...
#-+/ 1$3#*1/, /> /1&.+ $> 23(1$3#*1%#5? 0#*%#0+( &1&1.(%4-1&1
5(-45# % %>4-#*>%#0+( 5+2# .2, *2. -!/(1!+ 92( '!/(1*( – 13,!17&%7(), *2. "8 .- -( "8+ -! 1!,., %&+&. (2(3? 53($6(54B 645#01%+5? -10-3(501&1 3(7(3(05#. 51 )( 10?
12314 1 3(7(3(05( /1)(5 21-#*#5?4B, :51 0#*>%#(54B, 15 .6-#%1&1.
4#/1/ '(.(, /> 15.+:01 *0#(/, -51 B%.B(54B 46/#4;(';+/ % /+3( &1&1.(%4-1&1 5(-45# – @51 :+01%0+- 123+<+0. (4.+ $> . . 1&1.?
0#*%#. 4%1A 21%(45? “#2+4-+ 1'01&1 46/#4;(';(&1”, 51 -#)6<#B4B
0(51:0145? 0#*%#0+B 815B $> :#45+:01 6453#0+.#4?: 3(7(3(050#B +/(00#B &3622# +/(.# $> *0#:(0+( 4.#$1, 123('(.(00145+, “5.(. 123('(.(00145? 1$=(-5# '.B &1%13B<(&1, 01 0( '.B 4.6;#A<(&1”.24 . . 1&1.?,
1'0#-1, 0#*%#. 4%1A 21%(45? +0#:(, :51 -#)(54B #$41.A501 0(4.6:#,0>/. # '#001/ @5#2( 23+81'+54B -1045#5+31%#5?, :51 '#)( %>$13 -10-3(501&1 3(7(3(05# 0( +*$#%.B(5 15 9(.1&1 3B'# '36&+8 %123141%. >;( &1%13+.14? 1 '%68 *0#:(0+B8 4.1%# 13,!17&%7(): % 1'01/ 4.6:#(
@51 /('+9+04-+, '+#&01*, %1 %5131/ – 19(01:0#B 01/+0#9+B. -#:(45%( 19(01:01-8#3#-5(3+*6A<(&1 +/(0+ 13,!17&%7() %1 %5131/ *0#:(0++ /1)(5 $>5? 62153($.(0 46$=(-51/ 3(:+ 23+/(0+5(.?01 - 4#/1/6 4($(: 2. ; -!%&+!+!? %30! ( 13,!17&%7!;. 1 &13#*'1 :#<( @51
+/B 23+4%#+%#(54B 41 451310> – -#- % 2(3%1/, 5#- + %1 %5131/ *0#:(0++
(%421/0+/ .(-4#0'3# 0'3((%+:# !#9-1&1 % “13( 15 6/#”: &'3,-8,
#8 ,&-; /0.1+!#(+( #1&, 4.0.,). 6) 41%4(/ 0(%1*/1)01, :51$>
:(.1%(-, $1.?01, 24+8+:(4-1, $1.(*0?A, 4-#*#. 1 4($(:
– 13,!17&%7(), +$1, 231+*0(4B @56 73#*6, @515 :(.1%(- -#- 3#* '(/10453+36(5
4%1( 24+8+:(4-1( *'131%?(. #- +*%(4501, % 31/#0( )1*(7# (..(3#
_________________
22
23
032:-.#! . . "*>- + /+3 :(.1%(-#. ., 1998. . 82.
!%36&#! . . >4-#*>%#0+( + (&1 41150(4(00145? 4 '(,45%+5(.?0145?A. ., 1985.
. 89.
24
#/ )(. . 87.
62
'4 !#$)
“+."* -22” (1961 #.) (,%--. <2.2 / 0 $.*1 12 -."(21> 1.$%0& -(%,
'- ,%-(2.) 3+."*( – /0 "(2%+;12"%--.#. /.12 -."+%-(>, " 1..2"%212"(( 1 *.2.0:, “"1>*(), *2. ' >"+>%2 . 1%!%, 72. .- 13, 18%$8() (
/:2 %21> 2%, 1 ,:, .1".!.$(2;1> .2 ".(-1*.) .!>' --.12( - 1 ,.,
$%+% 13, 18%$8(, -% >"+>%21>, 2 * * * 2 *.% ' >"+%-(% >"-. #.".0(2 .
'$0 ".,:1+((”.
.'-(* %2 1+%$3=9 > *.++('(>: “ /(1*(” - /(1 -: .2 /%0".#. +(6 ; <2. /%0".% +(6. – ./0(9(-, 2. %12; ( ' /(1*(, ( (5 - '" -(% /0(- $+%& 2 ./0(9(-3; 1+%$." 2%+;-., 1 , ./0(9(- - ':" %2 1%!> 13, 19%$8(,; 1+%$." 2%+;-., /. 0 '.!0 --.,3 ":8% / 0 $.*13, ./0(9(- -% 13, 18%$8(). .#$ +(!. ,: $.+&-: 31.,-(2;1> " 2.,, 72.
- , ('"%12%- *.-*0%2-:) 0%4%0%-2, +(!. /0%$/.+.&(2;, 72. ./0(9(-, 1* &%,, - /(1 + 1".( ' /(1*(, - '" -(% <2(, ' /(1* ,, '- > (5
"2.0 , $ + *2.-2. $03#.). -2%0%1-., 72. " 1 ,(5 “ /(1* 5”, 1 , ./0(9(- $" &$: .!0 9 %21> * .6%-*% 1".%#. /1(5(7%1*.#. '$.0.";>.
.2 <2( $" 1+37 >:
(1) %"7.-* , "/312("8 > ./0(9(- , " $., "%0*." , - !+=$ %2,
* * ./0(9(- ":2 1*(" %2 (' +3*.8* 1.! 7*( ($%+; “-%!.+;83=
1">'*3 , +%-;*(5 !3, &%*” (* * $3, %2 ./0(9(-, /(1%, 1.! 7.-*(
%$&() ( 3!%# %2 1 <2(,( “/(1;, ,(”. +;8% " 2%*12% 7(2 %,: /(6, 0.* !0*)& +,$)7' (!)7 # -/(-1! 1!*, +*.*(/ 0.* $-+/'-4 0,!#30%)*.25 ./0(9(- (1/.+;'3%2 .6%-.7-3= -.,(- 6(= "
/.+-., 1..2"%212"(( 1 %? "2.0:,, 1(23 2("-. .!31+."+%--:, '- 7%-(%, (0% *6(> - -% $%*" 2-.% /."%$%-(%). *(, .!0 '.,, .- ( .1.'- %2 <23 -% $%*" 2-.12; ( /0('- %2 /0 ".,.7-.12; %? .6%-*(, ":0 &%--.) " 1+."% -/(-1! 1$%, 2. %12; /0.>"+>%2 1%!> * * !1.+=2-.
'$0 ".,:1+>9() 7%+."%*.
(2) ./0(9(- $%+ %2 .2*0:2(%: -+)$$ !-.4 &*,*'4. ) *.3-&'-7. .*. &*,*'4 7. (!))* .*'4&* -!* )7 * 5.*( /#)' 7. ,$#)6-4, (!)7 ,/ && / .* (*')$!% *-!.$'*. )! +*)$(6, && 7 (*
/(.4 $ **,".4 -!!, 0.* 7 .$./'7,)3% -*!.)$&. & (*'
#*%.$ ()! *'*/ 5. -/(-,* )7 (3-'4? *,*1*, 0.* !2! )!
* '-7 )$&.* +*- $.4 (!)7 .* -/(-1! 1$% *(! (207-208).
2"+%7%,1> - "0%,> .2 1.$%0& 2%+;-.) 12.0.-: ( /.1,.20(, 4.0, +;-:) 1/%*2. ./0(9(- .!0%2 %2 -.".% '- -(%, " 1"%2% *.2.0.#. /0%&-%% %#. "($%-(% /0%$12 "+>%21> %,3 -% $%*" 2-:, ( +(8%--:,
1,:1+ . 2 *(5 1+37 >5 "1>*.,3 7%+."%*3 !1.+=2-. %12%12"%--. 1* ' 2; . 1%!%, 72. .- !:+ -% " /.+-., 0 113$*%.
_________________
25
**'4 . . /(1*( 13, 18%$8%#. // **'4 . . .+-.% 1.!0 -(% 1.7(-%-():
14 22. ., '$. * $%,(( 3* , 1938. . 3: ."%12(. . 201. +%% 120 -(6: ('
<2.#. ('$ -(> $ =21> " 2%*12% 12 2;( " 1*.!* 5.
“-&/(& /1*/3#"3#!,” . . ,!,)7
63
4#/1/ -109( 21%(45+ (45? (<( 1'01 621/+0#0+( 123+<+0# 1 (&1
41451B0++: 013(, /-/& 0 ,#!, #"+,!, /4+! .,+& /)#%&+(1 +
#!, ,)5+16 !,), 13(1! ,/*,0.&, (( *120 ,+& #!,! <...> 013(!
,$)#' , / ,#* ,)5+,* "&070(#! (214). 4%(5( 2(3(0(4(00>8 123+<+0>/ /6:(0+, 123('(.(0+( $1.?0#B &1.1%6;-# (45(45%(001 150(45+ % 2(3%6A 1:(3('? - 7+*+:(4-1/6 41451B0+A (815B % $1.?01, &1.1%6;-( (45? 4.(' 73#*(1.1&+*/# $1.?01, 0# &1.1%6). 123+<+0, 1'0#-1,
0+ 3#*6 0( 231+*014+5 4#-3#.?06A '+#&0145+:(4-6A 73#*6 * /1*/3#"3&', :51 + '1-#*>%#(5 (&1 0(*'131%?(. #-+/ 1$3#*1/, %>B%.(00>, % 0#*%#0++ 2#3#'1-4, %#3?+36B4?, 231'1.)#(5 4%1( 46<(45%1%#0+(
% 5(-45(.
51 1:(0? *#265#00#B -1..+*+B. 1 10# #$41.A501 0(4.6:#,0#. 0#
23B/>/ 1$3#*1/ 4%B*#0# 4 *#/>4.1/ 1&1.B. .B 51&1 214.#0+B /+36,
-15131( 41'(3)+54B % 21%(45+, $>.# 0#,'(0# ('%# .+ 0( ('+045%(00#B
%1*/1)0#B '.B @51&1 214.#0+B 713/# %12.1<(0+B. 3()'( :(/ 231'1.)+5? 3#*&1%13 1 &1&1.(%4-1, 21%(45+, /> 815(.+ $> 4'(.#5? 0($1.?;1,
@-4-634 % 4513106 + 1$3#5+5?4B - 5(-456, $.+*-1/6 - “#2+4-#/ 46/#4;(';(&1” 815B $> 21 0#*%#0+A. 51 – “21.1&+B 46/#4;(';(&1”
. ". ##'#(%#.
54562.(0+( % 4513106 ##'#(%#
( 51.?-1 0#*%#0+( 4$.+)#(5 '%# 5(-45#. “21.1&+B 46/#4;(';(&1”
$>.# 0#2+4#0# % 1837 &1'6, 51 (45? :(3(* &1' 214.( 26$.+-#9++ “#2+41- 46/#4;(';(&1” . . 1&1.B. 123+<+06, 21 (&1 41$45%(001/6
23+*0#0+A, 42 &1'# – 451.?-1 )( $>.1 + . ". ##'#(%6 (31'+.4B % 1794
&1'6) - /1/(056 0#2+4#0+B (&1 “21.1&++”. “/#.+;(00>/” 214:+5#.
##'#(%# +-1.#, (3%>,, # *#5(/ 1$=B%+.1 23#%+5(.?45%1 – 0#'*13
21.+9(,4-1&1 .(-#3B $>. 40B5 % 51/ )( 1837 &1'6. # @51/ 481'45%1
-#- $6'51 $> *#-#0:+%#(54B – 4.6:#, ##'#(%# 4-13(( 4.('1%#.1 $> 412145#%.B5? 41 4.6:#(/ #9-1&1, -1&'# 0(*#63B'06A .+:0145? 1$=B%.BA5 46/#4;(';+/. 1)01, -10(:01, 3#446)'#5? 1 7+*+:(4-1/ 41451B0++ . ". ##'#(%#, +/(B % %+'6 4%+'(5(.?45%1 1 (&1 2.181/ *'131%?( +
'1.&1/ .(:(0++ %1 %3(/B *#&3#0+:01&1 265(;(45%+B % 1822-1826 &1'#8.
# @51/ 710( /1)01 1$3#5+5? %0+/#0+( + 0# '%64/>4.(001( 12+4#0+(
%453(:+ 4 ##'#(%>/ . . 3+$1('1%#, -15131( 0#81'+/ % “/(35+ #*+3-685#3#” !. . >0B01%#: “15:#4 )( 10 [##'#(% – ..] 4'(.#.
0(6.1%+/1( 46/#4;(';(( '%+)(0+( 64-1.?*065? % 414('0AA -1/0#56.
.('01&1.6$>( $(.(4>( &.#*# 23B5#.+4? 15 3+$1('1%#”.26 1%('(0+(
##'#(%# % 31/#0( %>&.B'+5 0(#'(-%#50>/ + $#.#04+36A<+/ 15 $(*_________________
26
4+7+, . . /(35? #*+3-685#3#. ., 1938. . 26.
64
' 5.*@ , 120209'34$5 (“5&=4' 5$'2'/<, 940 $ "2*(' 25," 5(' $</5-"
,".'/= *) .0340$0+”).27 0 /"3 */4'2'35'4 $ 1'2$5? 09'2'&= /")$"/*'
9""&"'$3,0%0 4',34" 3 409,* )2'/*@ 40+ ,0--*)**, ,0402"@ $0)/*,"'4 $
3$@)* 3 /")$"/*'. %0%0-'$3,0%0 4',34". &'3= 4",(' /0.*/"8*@ #%#&& /' 5,")<$"'4 /* /" ,",0' ,0/,2'4/0' -*80, /0 2'6'2'/4 12*
>40. 534"/"$-*$"'43@ 30$'2:'//0 0&/0)/"9/0. 3".0. 4',34' “10-0%** 35."3:'&:'%0” *.''43@ 12@.0' 5,")"/*' /" 40, 940 4", #<- /")$"/
"$402 1*3=.": “' '34'34$'//0 -*, 3,"(*4', 940#< @ 1034"2"-3@ 5@3/*4=
3'#' 10 .'2' 3*-, $ ,",0. 04/0:'/** , 3'#' 10&0#/<., 3$0*. 30%2"(&"/". * 3$0'.5 #0%5 340*4 9'-0$',, 102"('//<+ #')5.*'. 10 12*%0$025 $'270$/0%0 35&** 342"/<?”28 ",*. 0#2")0., $ 04-*9*' 04 “"1*30,”, $ “10-0%**” /0.*/"8*@ #%#&& /*,", /' .0('4 #<4= 10/@4" ,", 3".0/")$"/*'.
“10-0%*@” $3'. 3$0*. 4',340. 54$'2(&"'4: 404, ,0%0 $< /")<$"'4'
35."3:'&:*., – $'-*,*+ .<3-*4'-= * 6*-0306. 4 35."3:'34$*@ $
/'. 40-=,0 0&/0 – 04,-0/'/*' 04 0#;'12*/@40+ /02.<. 0 &"-=:' $0)/*,"'4 $01203 0 3".0+ /02.', 0 'A 0#2"4*.034*. ", )".'9"'4, "/"-*)*25@ ,0/8'14 /02.<, . . 254?/0$", 35&*4= 0 40., 940 3004$'434$5'4
)".<3-5 2*20&<, " 940 'A *3,"("'4, /'120340...”.29
012*;*/ – 1'230/"( * 2"33,")9*,
“10-0%*@ 35."3:'&:'%0” – >40 >1*340-@2/<+ 6*-03063,0-15#-*8*34*9'3,*+ 4',34, " “"1*3,* 35."3:'&:'%0” – 4',34 75&0('34$'//<+.
< 1040.5 * .0%-* *310-=)0$"4= $/'4',340$<' )/"/*@ 0 ""&"'$', 940
""&"'$ $ (*)/* * ""&"'$ ,", "$402 1*3=." – >40 0&/0 * 40 (' -*80.
0$'2:'//0 */"@ 3*45"8*@ 3 “"1*3,".* 35."3:'&:'%0”. &'3=, ,", *
$0 $3@,0. 75&0('34$'//0. 4',34', '34= $/':/@@ ,0..5/*,"4*$/"@ 2".," – . . 0%0-= * '%0 9*4"4'-*, /' $70&@;*' $ .*2 4',34", * $/542'//@@ ,0..5/*,"4*$/"@ 2".," – 0412"$*4'-= * "&2'3"4, $,-?9'//<' $ 75&0('34$'//<+ 5/*$'235.. 004$'434$'//0, . . 0%0-= $<3451"'4 ,",
1*3"4'-=, 30)&"4'-= 75&0('34$'//0%0 120*)$'&'/*@ $ -*4'2"452/0.
("/2' )"1*30,, /0 ‘@’ $ 4',34' – >40 04/?&= /' . . 0%0-=. 3@ >4" 120#-'."4*," &"$/0 * 7020:0 *)$'34/", 704@ * /'-=)@ 3,")"4=, 940 $ 2':'/** >4*7 120#-'. &034*%/54" 10-/"@ @3/034=. “"1*3,"7” $/542'//*+
0412"$*4'-= – 2"33,")9*,, $'&5;*+ 3$0' 10$'34$0$"/*' (3$0* )"1*3,*)
04 1'2$0%0 -*8". 02." Ich-Erzahlung @$-@'43@ %02")&0 #0-'' 3-0(/0+
_________________
27
". ('. . 28.
. . 10-0%*@ 35."3:'&:'%0. ., 2004. .188.
29
"%$( ! . . !)<, * .*2 9'-0$',". . 74.
28
“$& &(!&**#” . . ## +
65
)-+.-&'5'-,,--/$6$!-( 01/2)12/-(, 6$+ Er-Erzahlung (“-!$01!-!,'$
-1 .$/!-"- *'5 ,$ 1-*:)- ,$ ./-=0,=$1 - *') .-!$01!-!1$*=, ,-, ,- -/-1, 0)/9!$1 $"-”).30
. . 41', -./$#$*=* .-!$01!-!,'$ -1 1-"- *'5 )) “-#,-,./!*$,,-$ #!2"-*-0-$ 0*-!-”, )-"# “62%= 0*-!$0,= +,$/ '0.-*:&2$10= !1-/-+ )) 1-6) &/$,'=, )) .-&'5'=, ,$- 4-#'+= $+2 #*= !$#$,'= /00)&”.31 00+1/'!= 0--1,-7$,'$ /&,94 *')-! ! .$/!-*'6,-+ .-!$01!-!,'', . -#-/-! #$*$1 0*$#2<8$$ - - 8$,'$:
0-$#',== ! 0$ $ -#,-!/$+$,,- "$/-= ' /00)&6'), .$/0-,%, -1 '+$,' )-1-/-"- /00)&9!$10= ),'", &,'+$1 0-!$/7$,,- -0- 2< .-&'5'< – -, -1*'6$10=
)) -1 1-"- .$/0-,%, )-1-/9+ 9 -, 9*, $0*' 9 ,&9!*0= ‘-,’, 1) ' -1 /032
0)&6'), 1- $01: .-1$,5'*:,-"- ‘=’ .-!$01!-!1$*=.
1), -./'8', 028$01!2$1 ! 1$)01$ “.'0-)” )) .$/0-,% ' ))
/00)&6'). 97$, "-!-/= - /$3$/$,1$ 1-"- - -&,6$,'=, )-1-/-$ !9,$0$,- ! ,&!,'$ "-"-*$!0)-"- 1$)01, +9 "-!-/'*', 61- )-,)/$1,9+ /$3$/$,1-+ =!*=$10= -./'8',. $.$/: -./!#,,- .-01!'1: !-./-0,
'#$1 *' /$6: - -./'8',$ – .$/0-,%$ '*' - -./'8',$-/00)&6')$,
'*', ,)-,$5, - 1-+ ' #/2"-+ !+$01$. $0*26(,- !$#: . -#-/-! "-!-/'1 - 1-+, 61- ! 0*26$ .$/0-,%-/00)&6') !-&,')$1 ,$)-$ 1/$1:$
: “…./'0!'!= 0$ $ 601: 0!-(01! 1-"- ' #/2"-"-, ,- ,$ .-"*-8= '4
- -'4 5$*')-+, -, *'7: &0*-,=$1 '4 0- -(”.33
-./'8', )) .$/0-,%
1), 61- %$ +9 2&,$+ - -./'8',$ )) .$/0-,%$ ! '&- /%$,''
.$/0-,%-/00)&6')? 00)&9!= - 0$ $, -./'8', 0-- 8$1 0!$#$,'= /&,-"- /-#. !-/=,',, 1'12*=/,9( 0-!$1,'), ,$ '+$$1 0/$#01!
) 028$01!-!,'< .-+'+- %*-!,:=, !*< *$, ! #-6)2 #'/$)1-/ #$./1+$,1, ! )-1-/-+ 0*2%'1. $ '+$$1 2,'!$/0'1$10)-"- - /&-!,'=, ,$ &,$1 ',-01/,,94 =&9)-!, -#,)- "/+-1$,, *< '1 4-#'1: !
1$1/, '+$$1 ,$)-1-/9$ &,,'= - *'1$/12/$, '01-/'' ' )2*:12/$, 6'1$1 "&$19 (!- !0=)-+ 0*26$ “6$*)2”), ',1$/$02$10= .-*'1')-(, 0*$#'1
& $!/-.$(0)-( .-*'1'6$0)-( %'&,:<. -./'8',2 0!-(01!$,, ,./=%$,,= +$,1*:,= #$=1$*:,-01:, 0-./-!-%#$+= .-01-=,,9+ 0+-)-,1/-*$+:
_________________
30
##%# . -;1'). $/. 0 3/,5. . . -*)-!0)-"- // 1/2)12/*'&+: & ' ./-1'!. ., 1975. . 77.
31
)'" . . /- *$+9 .-;1')' -01-$!0)-"-. ., 1963. . 254.
32
##%# . -;1'). . 77.
33
+ %$. . 76.
66
(9 "$%*
+ ! < !0)( :/+, 0%!"( ,+!7"$#50; '-"/0 ' ) $%*0, )%)+ '+/+-+ + <
,-+2+!%(. ."&4. 0$*( "=: :/+ 8( '-"/ *5" + !%-"'/+-. ‘+ ")0 *"$4") ) $%*, – < ,+!0)(, – "-*+, :/+ " + !+4'’ (194).
(<!"( * .; :/0 '*3"(<-.'0; .+(+49 % !0)(: ‘/+, ".(% 8 8 $*(%, '/+
,"-"! )% .%!%/…’ (208).
$)85("*%< +,-%6%* ,+ -$*8) ,++!) !")+*./-%-0;/ " +
./-")("*%" ,"-"&/% +/ 0!%("*%< ' ,+*%)*%;, *&/% +7<.*"*%",
8./-+% (+ %4".'0; - 0)"*/3%;, "!< (2+/< % ,-+%$+(9*8") ,-%4%**+-.("!./"**8" +/*+5"*%<, %.,+(9$0< ,"-"*+. ,+ *(+ %%.
-%$*;.9, < +4"*9 0!%%(.<, 0.(85 "= (.+4'0 – ..) ++-<6"; ,+-4"(+"4".'%. + ,+.(", '+ ! < .++-$%( ." :/+ 2+-+5"*9'+, /+ /+ ! 0#" ,"-"./(
0!%(</9.<. "&./%/"(9*+, * ."/" 0#" .(04%(+.9 )*+#"./+ ,+!+*82 ,-%)"-+ (195).
*/"-".*+, 4/+ .!% % .+$**%% +,-%6%*, $*)"*0;6%" ,"-"2+! ' %*+)0 %!"*%; )%-, +,%.8;/.< %) /', '' ".(% 8 -"49 5(
+ *04*82 +/'-8/%<2, '+/+-8" .)% ,+ ."" "./9 +$* -#!"*%":
-"$84&*+ +(9*+ 9"/.< ,-+'(</< ,('. ,-+4") $ ." :/+ )"*< +$* -!%(+ *8*"5*"" +/'-8/%": < 0$*(, 4/+ 0 .<'+ + ,"/02 "./9 .,*%<, 4/+ +*
0 *" + *2+!%/.< ,+! ,"-9<)% (213).
-%$*;.9, )"*< !-0 '' 0!/+ )+(*%"& +."/%(+ (.-. )+(*%"& )"(9'*0(
)8.(9) (207).
+/'-8(, 4/+ %/& % .,*%< .+"-5"**+ +!* % / #" $")(<, % /+(9'+ ,+
*""#"./0 .4%/;/ %2 $ -$*8" +.0!-./ (211-212).
,+.("!*") ,-%)"-" ,+'$/"(9* ..8(' * *""#"./+, /.". $(0#!"*%", ,-+%.2+!<6"" +/ *"!+.//+4*+ + $**%<. :/+) '(;4" )+#"/ -..)/-%/9.< % /'+& ,-%") - 0)"*/3%%, '' ..8(' * /+-%/"/8. ', .+"-5< “*04*+" ,-"!%!"*%"” (.+8/%", %)";6""
8/9 $/-, $")(< .<!"/ * (0*0 4/+, './/% .'$/9, )+#"/ 8/9 %./+('+*+ '' .+" + -+! “$")*+" $/)"*%"”), +,-%6%* ,-%+!%/
)*"*%" "((%* /+* ( :/+) % $*)"*%/8& 2%)%' "((%* /+* ,%5"/
– ,-!, "-3+ -/0- "((%* /+* (1769-1852) 8( *" 2%)%'+), 1"(9!)-5(+)).
+,-%6%*0 .+&./"**+ 8*"."*%" +3"*+', % * ,"-+) )"./"
./+%/ +3"*' 0)./"**82 .,+.+*+./"&: 5 !%-"'/+-, !+(#*+ 8/9,
+4"*9 0)*8& 4"(+"'; ' (0,8& *-+! 1-*30$8!; ! !+(#"* 8/9
+(+!; !*+ ,+!+$-"(, 4/+ .+' +-$!+ 0)*"" 4"(+"'; "4+*' 8( (0,! ."&4. 0$*(, 4/+ (0,; + - $!0)( )8/9
,+(. /% (0,8" 402+*'% ." ! *"'.//% 4%./+,(+/*8; +'% *-+!
0)*8&, +*% $*;/ ." ,+(%/%4".'%" +/*+5"*%<; '' )+#*+ *,+(*</9 ,%.9) :!'%)% (0,+./<)%; *4( < +7<%( -", '/+ <.
+ ! +* 0.(85(, 4/+ ,"-"! *"; %.,*.'%& '+-+(9, /+ .,(".*0(
“'6/81/ 8:3'8>,+>,*5” . . 5*52D
67
7:1'3/ / =:9A 4, :3,72' 59 897';'. 4', &.*:, ,?, 4/15*+' 4, )/+,2' /86'4815*5 15752D; '150 54 +/7,1957? 4 *+)%, ' 4, +/7,1957
(87. *2:6, 1'1 675(1'); & 9,6,7A 952A15 6589/*4:2, =95 9'15, -,4?/4'; $/./1/ 6/>:9 &.*),-#...; 5 65=93,089,7 =7,.)@='045 &.*, 4/=,*5 4, .4',9...; ,2',9 ,E (2:4: – .".) ;75350 (5='7, / )/+45, =95 .+%; 7/9@, *7'4+@ <...> (@2/ 4'75+ 5=,4A .'(6$ <...> / 345*/, 652,.2/ 4' 89,4:, 8 9,3, =95( +589'9A 2:4:; & 4, 654/3'C )5)8, .4'=,4/D
B95*5 897'445*5 5(@='D. (@='0 &.*6$, (,883@82,44@0.
))+: ) ,/ + 8')1#$ # 2.,-, ,& . - ,+". ! )-' -#-7 “&9)(6$” ,9! -, ,:"694#$ )*+#4#( , )2%)$ #+ %-)+ *+-' (- )/#. )*+#4#( ( ("6 - ,) 2.,-) *+:'), )( *+# - %
%), ((6' ))"(2 (#:', * + : ,) ),*+#:-# ( +&7,%)$ )2%# # -) )" $,-# , %)-)+) )( ( ( ) )%"6 -:
),*)# )! ')$! +)*& :, *+)*& ,), ' (194).
:-#- &#, %% )( 6& ) -! &-7 ( ( $ 6&) &) , %% & 7; /., %%)
*63() ! %% &:(.&: ,)&(1 , $-). ,)&(1 ! <...> $, $, $! %%)$ )&),!
(+ $%, *+) %(+ $%! (196).
O-' -#', %,--#, 2-) 0+%- + #,*)&7".'60 )*+#4#(6' ,+( (#$ .%"6 - ( ) *+#(& !(),-7 #,%)(()$ %.&7-.+ 8-(),, ,+.
<'7,)4'-2,(,+A, -%! #,*)&7")(# &: ))"(2 (#: *+#"(%
)5 %- ,.4 ,-#- &7() , ("694 (),#- &: 8-)) *+#"(%, ,+.
62'9A, (@25 4' 4,0 (,25,, 1'1 6,75 2,(,+D – (,25,, 1'1 2,(,+A).34
+.#0 ,&.2:0 )*+#4#( *+# - % *)-)+:94 '.,: ))+)-.,
%)-)+)' ' !)' -# %% ( *),+ ,- (() 6+!94 8')1#9 (()
( ("694
;) ,)*+: -,: , *+#"6)' % ,')'. , *+#-# +() ,# # – "'%(.-7 .,-: 82/ (@ / +5=1'…, B;, 1'4'2A89)5!.. /=,*5,
4/=,*5, 352='4/,!; '0! '0! '0! 4/=,*5... 352='4/,; #'3 (:+,9 =95-4/(:+A / 5 950, 15957'D... 4/=,*5, 352='4/,! 0, '0!... 4/=,*5, 4/=,*5.
52='4/,! %;, 1'4'2A89)5! /=,*5, 4/=,*5... 9)() 2.,-) %-.&#"#+. - %)(#-#(.9 ,*),)(),-7 ))+! (#:, %)-)+)' +)! -,:
'#+ + &#")((60 ! &(#$ )*+#4#(. 8-)' ))+! ')' '#+
&9)(6 ! &(#: * + *& -9-,: , ,)1#&7(6'# *+#-:"(#:'#. &9)(6' ,9! -)' ,:"(6 # +.# 8')1## )*+#4#( – ),0#4 (# ,
( !, ),, ( ))(# . ) ,),+ )-)2 ((),-# ( )/# # "02 ((),-# &9)(6' 2.,-)' ))+#- -)- /%-, 2-) 8-) 2.,-)
)*+ &: - ) *),-.*%# # &() #' (() #" ,-# ) *+ ,-):4 $
_________________
34
* +)(2&7()' ( +"&#2 (## ,.4 ,-#- &7(60 # *+#&- &7(60 ,:"# ,
-+#.-#(6' *+#&)! (# ' *#,& . . )- (: (,'.: !59,(4D . . " "*#,)% *)
+.,,%)$ +''-#% . )' 1-2. ., 1958).
68
#1 %
&1 $%#' "#%'!#!( &( # &#"". '%+' 1"0 2!#+ &'"#4'&4 #&"#"! #+", 0%!# 2'#! & (,
%# &"""#, $#,& %""# &#: (&) , ,&*1 *()% , ,&*1
+1 (%+, – % 0)*, )&! -(*; (& *"4, -*& '#3%+*1
,&-*)4; *('*1 % $&+ #"!)"&& "(+: ) (# *)4 '(%!, ,&*1 0 &#&&3 '&*(+ #)4 " %+*1; 4 '#33 % %&; '&#0 ($)#%% " %'+)"3* "&'&*
0$+…; &* %.!
(* - %&% "& )*1 *" ) %1 : (. *#1%& % '&!*, $+ ",
**(; (.1 *0, '(&"#4*4 )&-&%"! "&! $(" ! 40"!
"'%&"# ' '#, ,'#, #' , #' !"' 1"0* *%'%&',
2!#+#" 1"0 &#&'#4"4 #+" #$%." $#,' &$ #-1 0%"0 #!!.
!"' 1"0* 2!#+#" 1"0* $%#4 "4* #$%." # $#& “ ## $% #!” &#"" !#"# !''1 #$% ""0 !""4. % &#, #" &3'&4 &#%"4 !0& ' 1"0* $%#+&&# 2!#+#" 1"0* $%". %%." ''( 4%"## &#'" &$"&## #%# 4 &#$%##'&4 $#&'$""0! #'*##! #'
'!, &4""0* &# & (# $%'!"', & #%."! “ ! #&(%&'""0!” , & ' !#"# 0%'1&4, #&!,&!. #&'"( &(."#&'1 "."0, #$%." "*#' %(# #/' $# #""4: ( %3)1, 4 &/+* # )(-%& )'&"&!)*&, "& &&( #
) %&0"%&%%+3 %%&)*1 %'(&-%&)*1 #+%0, 1- ("
"0'&4 %%0$ .(&$. ' "#*#!#&' ##%'1 # !)# #,&# &4 "."0 ("0, &1 *#,'&4 #%''1 "!" "
%(# &$': '4#'" #$%." #,% %'#% $%'!"'
– 2'#, &#&'""# ##%4, ),&# '4#'" (&)$&*(*1 0 % *+
)"$-"+, % "&*&(+3 &% )*%& *, )*4 ) '&)*# )&3 %&"+,
"" %*)4 % 2*+ %&"+ #0!, "" )%, -+#&-") '# %!4 $# #'"#-"3 (" #$%." $%#4 4' % ' ,(&', #'#%0
&'&'""# $%#4 4'1 $# #'"#-"3 3!#: )(-%& )'&"&!)*&, #.(." *%($#&' ""#&' ("0. + #! !#"# 3,'1, #$%4&1 " "!( !"' 1"0* 2!#+#" 1"0* $%#4 "
#$%.", ,'# “ $% #!” # &#"" &#$%##'&4
&## %# #,."! !#% 1"0! #0-"!. '# "*#' $%#4 " 40 $#&'.
#$%." %&&,: %##%0
##%4 # #$%." %&&,, & (' #&'"#'1&4 ", "
%(* # #&*. $%0 2'* # #&# – # #& &!## #$%.".
$&, 2# – '&', $%&' 43' &## '##!!("+3,
'# &'1 $-('&4 4 &!## &4. 2'#' $&1!""0 '&' %$ "0
“,%.'% .0).3"!3" +” . . + +(8
69
,!+'$&$, +,! -.'!))7! 0*,(! )/.,!))!* (*)*'* (+&!0-' 8, –
.'$( 8 .) ."", – $ 6/+& .+2+*'+& % 0$*7, 2/+ +* % 2/+ /'+"
!0)"/), +,;(; ,!38 *+,$5$), .&"! -**5!)$; * -&#))*( $(.
( !-8 +,! -.'!)7, $)3! **,;, ,#'$3)7! ,#)*$ )*-.$ ($(!.$3!-&** (* /-, “$#*,"!)$! ,!3$”, +* . * *,*/).35
,;(; ,!38 *+,$5$) $).!,!-) .!(, 3.* *) ,-&,7!. )( .*,
* 3!( *) -( )! **,$. – -.!+!)8 !* -*2$'$#2$$, !* &*).&.)*-.8.
!-8 )': !.-; *,*()7% &*).,-. (!" / +$-8(!))7($ $ /-.)7($
+,*;'!)$;($ ,!3!*% -+*-*)*-.$ *+,$5$). *+,$5$) #(&)/.,
!* &*).&.7 - )!4)$( ($,*( *,)$3!)7. “+$-&1” +,! -.'!)7 * )*-.*,*))$! ,!+'$&$ $ *(!) ,!+'$&($. *+,$5$) +7.!.-;
**,$.8 - -*3&*% ! "$ (+.(03&, "!#%, +/ )4 /","-5
+!*%...), )* )! +*'/3!. *.!.. * *5!)$! - $,!&.*,*( !+,.(!). -* $.-; & -.!,!*.$+)*% (* !'$ #+,*- – *.!.: “'++ * !+-"?”
– “4-+, 3" ,-"+.1+!%/"(5./+”. 73)* "! *+,$5$) $(!!. *.!., $ "! *3!)8 ,#!,)/.7%, )* *) !* )! +,*$#)*-$., +,$* $. +$-8(!))*( $ !, && )/.,!))$% (*)*'*. *5!( &*,+/-! .*2$.. #+$-&1 *+,$5$) *-*!))/: #)3$(*-.8 $(!!. +*-'! );; $#
+,*$#)!-!))71 $( ,!+'$&, *,5!)); & .!(, &** *+,$5$) -3$.!.
-*$($ +* ))7($ $ ,) ($, 3$..!'$ – -&*,)7($ '*%: +.,+!, .,.") (0*0, ,+/+)0 2/+ $")(8 1+2"/ ."./5 * *"9. . ,!+'$&
,!#&* *.'$3!.-; *. -!1 *-.'8)71, +,$) '!"5$1 *+,$5$)/, $ +*
0*,(!, $ +* -* !,")$:. .* )! +,$&#, +,$#7 & -*(!-.)*(/ $ +,$.*( +,! -.';:5!(/-; '*,* )7( $ *-.*%)7( !%-.$:. '*'8); 0*,( .,.") ;';!.-; $)&':#$)*%, .* !-.8 *6! $);!. *.+,$.!'; $ ,!-.*. +,$#7 *+,$5$) *-.$!. 2!'$, $* )*+%" ,+("$(% * ./"*0, . /"), 2/+4 !+.//5 (0*0 (# !-8 #(!3.!'8)7% +,$!( *!5!-.'!)$; (!.0*,7 ("$/5 * ./"*'0).
+!,7! *+,$5$) *&#7!.-; *.&,7.7( ': ;(, *) +,*1* $.
/-+!4)/: -*2$'$#2$:, 1*.; $ *-..*3)* -+!2$0$3!-&*( -*2$/(!.
&*-!))* 9.* .&"! /&#7!. ) (*,'8)*! *#74!)$! *+,$5$).
) )! /(!. *'!! * '$3)*% -/ 8! $ &,8!,! ,(&1 -$-.!(7 2!))*-.!% .** -*2$'8)** &,/, & &*.*,*(/ *) +,$) '!"': 7* )*
"!)$.8-;, *,!-.$ (.!,$'8)*! '*+*'/3$!, “"$.8 +,$+!:3$”.
&':3!)$! “ ,/$1 *'*-*” ;';!.-; $-&':3$.!'8)* ")7( .&.$3!-&$( +,$!(*( '; *%-.!))** +*)$()$; .!&-.. -!, 3.* )+$-)* *+,$5$)7(, *+$,!.-; ) (* /- -!,8!#)*-.$ $ $-&,!))*-.$, +*!-.*)$! (* !'$,/!.-; !* .*3&*% #,!)$;. ,/$1 ,!3!71 +,.$;1, +/-.8 $ -&/ )71, 7-&#7!.-; -*!,4!))* $); .*3& #,!)$;,
_________________
35
+!+-+ . *9.$&. . 64.
70
+ /". 04,2<$"'43@ $)%-@& /" 012*;*/" 30 34020/<. < $*&*. $ 012*;*/' 40, 9'%0 0/ 3". $ 3'#' $*&'4= /' .0('4 *-* $*&*4 */"9'. "10./? ';' 2") .<3-= . 0&020$" 0 1'2$0-*9/0+ 602.' 10$'34$0$"/*@: “ /' 3$0&*4 &$" -*8" , 0&/0.5, " /"1204*$, &'-"'4 *) &$57 -*8
42*”.36 04 >40 42'4=' -*80, 42'4=' , $<342"*$"'4 4',34 ,0.10)*8*0//0 4",*. 0#2")0., 940 012*;*/ ,", #5&40 042"("'43@ $ 2")/<7 )'2,"-"7, 12* 40. 940 %-"$/<. )'2,"-0. @$-@'43@ '%0 30#34$'//0' 1*3=.0.
!404 12*'. *310-=)5'43@ 5(' $ 3".0. /"9"-' 10$'34* – .< 3-<:*.
%0-03 “/"9"-=/*," 04&'-'/*@”:
40 >40 5 4'#@, #2"4'8, $ %0-0$' $3'%&" '2"-": 4",0+? < */0+ 2") .'4"':=3@
,", 5%02'-<+, &'-0 10&9"3 4", 3154"':=, 940 3". 3"4"/" /' 2")#'2'4, $ 4*45-'
1034"$*:= ."-'/=,5? #5,$5, /' $<34"$*:= /* 9*3-", /* /0.'2" (193).
", $<%-@&*4 012*;*/ 30 34020/<, * )&'3= 5(' /")$"/< 9'24<
10$'&'/*@, ,0402<' 12* 1'2$0. 12094'/** 42",45?43@ ,", 7"-"4/0'
04/0:'/*' , 1206'33*0/"-=/<. 0#@)"//034@., " $ 3004/'3'/** 3
8'-<. 4',340. $<3451"?4 ,", 3*%/"-< 13*7*9'3,0%0 /')&020$=@:
#) !!, ! $"&%)+, /0 030#'//0 10,")"4'-=/0 510.*/"/*'
0 9*3-' * /0.'2'. 42"4" 120342"/34$'//0-$2'.'//0+ 02*'/4"8** –
$"(/'+:*+ 10,")"4'-= 13*7*9'3,0+ #0-')/*, * >4" &'4"-= 10$402@'43@
$ 4',34' ';A &$"(&<. &*/ 2") – ,0%&" 012*;*/ ,", #< 10$402@'4
)".'9"/*' /"9"-=/*," &'1"24".'/4", 04.'9"@, 940 $ 1*3=.' 30#"9,*
'&(* ($ *$% !; $4020+, 3$*&'4'-=34$5?;*+ 0 104'2'
12'&34"$-'/*@ 0 $2'.'/*, – ,0%&" 0/ 12034"$-@'4 $ /"9"-' 30#34$'//0+
)"1*3* 4",5? &"45: !%!#!! ($. + * ($.37 (?&", ,0/'9/0, 10&30'&*/@?43@ &"4< $3'7 1*3'., /"9*/"@ 3 , ()!
%!#$%, ,0%&" 012*;*/ 010)/"'4 $ 3'#' ,020-@ 31"/**: !
2000 "#, 43 ($).
"&0 3,")"4=, 940 /"9"-=/*, 04&'-'/*@ 0#2";"'43@ , 012*;*/5
&0$0-=/0 &25('-?#/0 – /")<$"'4 -"3,0$0-6".*-=@2/<. 3-0$0. #%', * '%0 3-0$" )$59"4 3,02'' ,", 5,02, 9'. $<%0$02. '",8*@ 012*;*/" *&'4 .*.0 30&'2("4'-=/0+ 34020/< 3,")"//0%0, 0/" 04/03*43@ ,
/'%"4*$/0+ 08'/,' -*9/034* /"9"-=/*," &'1"24".'/4":
20,-@4"@ 8"1-@! /, $'2/0, )"$*&5'4, 940 @ 3*(5 $ &*2',4023,0. ,"#*/'4' *
09*/*$"? 1'2=@ &-@ '%0 12'$0370&*4'-=34$" (193).
_________________
36
". ('. .76.
&'3= /'$0-=/0 $310.*/"?43@ 8$'4"'$3,*' ,0/4',34<: “'/= #') 9*3-"” *) “0>.< )"34"$<” (1923) * “*25 ,0402<+ %0&? <…> '4$'24<+ &'/= /*,0402<+ %0&” *)
“2<30-0$"” (1925).
37
“#% %' %**"” . . "".
71
0( $# /0.,&0/< ,-&/+&# 0,.,!, ,7#+&< / +5)9+&(,* "#-.0*#+0. 3 "&),! .% & #0/< /)#"1;7&* ,.%,*:
“1, /($&, -,$)1'/0, 50, 08 "#)#69?” – “( 50,? +&5#!, +# "#);”, –
,0 #5) <. “1, .%*8/)& 3,.,6#+9(,! #"9 0## 1$# % 40 )#0 – -,. 8 1*
+.09/<. 0, 08 ,,.$#69 /##. 8 "1*#69, < +# %+; /#3 0 ,&3 -.,(%?
#"9 08 ,),5&69/< % "&.#(0,./(,' ",5#.9;! 1, -,/*,0.& + /#<, 50, 08?
#"9 08 +1)9, ,)## +&5#!,. #"9 1 0#< +& !.,6 % "16,;. %!)<+& 3,09 %#.(), + / ,# )&4,, (1"8 0## "1*09 , :0,*!” (197-198).
")96# ,0 #0 /, /0,.,+8 ,-.&7&+ "#0/< 1$# 2,.*# %-&/&,
(,0,.<, ,"+(,, &*##0 2,.*1 &*#++, ,0 #0+,' .#-)&(& "&),!#:
0, $# 08 /## %.)
), #(? (198).
!,), 1, 50,, (.,*# 0#<, 1$# +#0 , /# -,.<",5+,!, 5#-
#(/0 “-&/,(”, 0(&* ,.%,*, +/( ,%9 ".#/, + & "&),!&%&.,+. &/9*,-%#.(), ,-.&7&+ & -&/9*,-%#.(), ".1!&3 ,0.$;0
-.,0& ,-,),$+8# (.0&+8. /)& ")< +5)9+&( ,0"#)#+&< ,%./0 %
40 )#0 :0, 1$# %.#)8' ,%./0, 0, ")< ,-.&7&+ /,.,( " !," – $. &", "&"$", #" !%&".+ ', &"-" )&" !)!&%. %';
#/)& +5)9+&( ,0"#)#+&< ,%*17#0/< -,-80(*& ,-.&7&+ ,),5&09/< % "&.#(0,./(,' ",5(,', 0, ,-.&7&+ %*#5#0 "$+!!, ! ' ! "$%#""!!"%&.
0(, "&/(1./ ,-.&7&+-.//(%5&( -,/0,<++, -)#0;0/< 51$&# !,),/, & /*,' 0#(/0, ,' 0(+& -,/0,<++, 2,.*&.1;0/< (,+0./0+8# 0#(/0, 8# ,.%8 -.,&/3,"<7#!,. #3+&(1 & /#*+0&(1 51$&3 !,),/,
/ ,# .#*< )#/0<7# /(.8) . . 30&+, &//)#", -.,%1 ,/0,# /(,!,. 5&/)# #!, *+,!,5&/)#++83 +#,85'+, !)1,(&3 +);"#+&' & 10 #.$"#+&' &*##0/< & 0(,#: “…"&),! -,% ,)<#0
%*#/0&09 / ,&* /,/0 #++8* !,),/,* ".1!,!, 5#), #(”.38 Vice versa
*,$+, /(%09, 50, "&),! 0($# -,% ,)<#0 51$&* !,),/,* %*#/0&09
/ ,' /,/0 #++8' !,),/, ,"&+ &% /,/0 #++83 !,),/, . ".1!,* *#/0#
. . 30&+ -&6#0 , ,/0,# /(,*, 50, “(,+0.-1+(0&5#/(,# /,5#0+&# .%+,+-. )#++83 !,),/,
-.#"#)3 ,"+,!, /,%++&< /)1$&0
")< +#!, & 0,; ,/+, ,;, 0,' -,5 ,', + (,0,.,' ,+ ,"&0 & ".1!&#
.#)9+8# !,),/”.39 ,$+, /(%09, 0(&* ,.%,*, 50, ./(,),0,#
(./7#-)#++,#) /,%++&# ,-.&7&+ &+ #/0&.1#0
0#(/0 -.,"1(08
,/-.&<0&< & (.0&+8 *&. " 13 !,),/, :0,!, /,%++&<, 0#* /*8*
+"#)<< 0#(/0 / ,'/0 *& &(,+&5#/(,!, %+(.
_________________
38
39
(&! . . .,)#*8 -,:0&(& ,/0,# /(,!,. . 285.
* $#. . 298.
72
(7! # %&*
+,-%6%* '' -..'$4%'. */"-/"'./0(8*+./8
/"'./" “,%.+' .0).5"!5" +” ,-"!./("*7 -$*7" /%,7 % -$*7"
/"2*%'% %*/"-/"'./0(8*+./%. “,%.'2” %)":/.; '' (%/"-/0-*7", /' % *"(%/"-/0-*7" %*/"-/"'./7.40 ./+4*%')% %*/"-/"'./+
;(;:/.; 20!+#"./"**7&, $"/*7& !%.'0-.. 0*'3%% %*/"-/"'./0(8*72 -"$+' -$(%4*7 – 2-'/"-%./%' (%4*+./% +,-%6%*, %*1+-)3%+**+" +".,"4"*%" .:#"/*+ + -$%/%;. %/%-+*%" (‘/"'./
/"'./"’) ,-"!./(;"/ *%+("" ;-'0: 1+-)0 %*/"-/"'./0(8*+./%.
+,-%6%* ,"-",%.7"/ +2#*7 1+-+3&# ./&3'&: “03#*7'& 2.+'
*# &"9, 0)(, !+" 0$ *# &"(; &%*7 )+8 +%*#* &"9, 7%9 (&
$&/7 )*#, 9 .'%(”.41 +,-%6%* +3"*%"/ ./%2% ,+ .+!"-#*%:,
+*% '#0/.; ")0 +,%.7:6%)% " + .+./"**0: .%/03%: % .(0#/
!#" *",+.-"!./"**7) -0'++!./+) ' !"&./%:, %+ #2#-0 /+ + #"
!*;, '+ ! .+./+;(.; '-/'%& +)"* -",(%')% )"#!0 !#*#-(7.'+8
"+2'+8 % +,-%6%*7) (“, %"#.7 *# 6(+?”… – “&'' *#/-.”), +*
*,-(;"/.; ' ,+"5#%"0 #: ,-# +.1+"&/#(7./ <…> 2/+6 ,+.)+/-#/7 #4# -%&' – *+ *#/, *# 61+"&(. "'.%' % .%*/'.%. ./&3'+
-2%4*7, +*% '' 0!/+ $;/7 %$ VIII "', %2 *",-%/;$/"(8*+./8 *"
.)06"/ +,-%6%*, '+/+-7&, .'+-"" ." +, "< *" $)"4"/; +*
,-%,%.7"/ /+-./+ 05'%*0 (+($*+ 6/7, 03'&* .+2&*#*&#),
/") .)7) .%!"/"(8./0;, 4/+ 05'%* 7( !"&./%/"(8*+ ,+,0(;-"*
+/*:!8 *" /+(8'+ !+-;*.'+) '-0 0, *+ %, .'#") /', )"6*.'+4%*+*%48"& .-"!". +,-%6%* ++6" *" 40#! /+)0, 4/+ )+#*+ 7(+
7 *$/8 )..++& '0(8/0-+&: +* ,+."6"/ /"/-, .)+/-%/ -0..'+!+
"0-' &(/'0, .+%2 $,%.'2 ,"-".'$7"/ .+!"-#*%" .)+/-"**+ + %) +!"%(;, 7.'$7"/.; + .+-")"**+& ")0 !-)/0- %4".'+&
,-+!0'3%% (2#*7 % *6# ,7#.6 ,&30/ *6*2# *3& .+2&*&/#(&). '+ + -+! %*/"-/"'./0(8*7" '-,("*%; 1+-)" ,"-".'$ *" ,-+!%:/ .:#"/, *+ +*% “(",;/” +-$ +,-%6%* '' ,"-.+*# % !")+*./-%-0:/ -+/0 /+& 4./% " + -.6",("**+ + .+$**%;, '+/+-;
!"'/* % .+(:/*+ .++/"/./0"/ *+-)".
_________________
40
%,+(+ %; %*/"-/"'./+ ,-++!%/.; ,+ -$*7) +.*+*%;). %-+'+" -.,-+./-*"*%" ,+(04%( '(..%1%'3%; . "*"//. 7 -$(%4") /%,7 %*/"-/"'./+ ,+
2-'/"-%./%'" !+*+- % ,+ !"-%3%+**7) ,-"+-$+*%;), .). # %&* . . "$)"-*; "/". ., 2009; +.' &* . . +*;/%&*7& ,,-/. % 0-7, #*-7, ./%(%. .,
2011.
41
'+))"*/-%;2 ' “,%.') .0).5"!5" +” *$7"/.; /+- 9/+ + ./%2+/+-"*%; – ,+9/ . . %'+(" (1758-1815).
“-&/(& /1*/3#"3#!,” . . ,!,)8
73
345->-2 5*(80C523 <-7%*7 (%,*78 “<*0/%” (“!*'*52%C 4<*0%”) )58(-* (%,*7?.42 $73 3623'23. -673<2-/ *(3 6'*)*2-. 3 6-78%;-- '
1-5*, 3 63&?7-C: ' 3&0%67- 2%8/- - /80@785*, 3& -2;-)*27%: - 2*3&?<2?: 453-6=*67'-C:. <*'-)23 ,2%<*2-* A7-: -27*57*/673' )0C 6B+*7%,
45-<*1 43/%,%7*0@23, <73 (%,*72?* 6'*)*2-C 5%&37%B7 2% '7358B <%67@
5%6>*40*223(3 63,2%2-C 345->-2%: /531* 8431C2873(3 8+* -27*57*/67% 3 )'8: %2(0-.6/-: /353'%:, '64312-1, /%/ 453'3)-7 345->-2
4360*)2-. )*2@ 4*5*) “'*0-/-1 4*5*03131”: /#!,"+8 /# 10., 2&0)
!%#04. -1*223 -,'*67-* 3& 1-.%"+#+&& -.#/0,) ' 64%2-- - ,%758)2*2-C: ' &%.+&& +/)#"+&( 43&8+)%B7 345->-2%, <73 2%,?'%*76C, '3667%23'-7@ 1-53'3. 435C)3/ - ,%2C7@ 1*673 -64%26/3(3 /3530C.43
27*5*6 345->-2% / 430-7-/*, '33&>* (3'35C, 8/5*40C*7 *(3 (*2)*528B 45-2%)0*+2367@. 30-7-<*6/-. )-6/856 32 4*5*'3)-7 2% C,?/
43'6*)2*'2?., 4534-7%22?. -)-31%7-<2367@B. %5%00*0@23 603'% -,)&0&(, -,)&0&2#/(&' -6430@,8B76C 2* 730@/3 ' 6*1%27-<*6/- 345%')%22?: )0C 2-: /327*/67%:, 23 - 7%1, ()* -: 1*2@=* '6*(3 13+23 &?03
&? 3+-)%7@. !03'%5* /%)*1-- 366-.6/3. 1789-1794 ((. -1C 68>*67'-7*0@23* -,)&0&( 2%)*0C*76C 60*)8B>-1- ,2%<*2-C1-: “1. 6/862?. ' (368)%567'*22?: )*0%:. )1,(,', *1".,', &%(1/+,' -,)&0&(. 2.
2%B>-. 3&:3+)*2-* 6 0B)@1-”.44 #73 +* /%6%*76C 45-0%(%7*0@23(3
-,)&0&2#/(&', 323 730/8*76C 3)23,2%<23: “7236-7*0@2?. / 45%'0*2-B (368)%567'%, / (368)%567'*22?1 )*0%1”.45
4*5'318 7-48 84375*&0*2-., 6337'*767'8B>-: 603'%52?1 ,2%<*2-C1, 13+23 372*67- 60*)8B>-*: *#+8 /# +# *,!)& 4'0& &% !,), 4
&/-+/(&# "#). ( $# 60, *,$#0 405, 20,4 ",++ /"#))/5 (,.,)# ,7? <…> -.&0,* & "#) -,)&0&2#/(&# /#' .,-4: /0.&'/(&' &*-#.0,., +3 !,/1".5…; , 60, #/0&8 ,)&+&8(! ,()8)/8
.#"&05 *+# -, /*#.05. ,0 !,+&0 & !,+&0; +, 8 %+7 -.&80#)5, 20,
0#8 ,"&0 +!)&2+&+. +!)&2+&+ ,)53,' -,)&0&(. #73 /%6%*76C
_________________
42
!1.: ,),01/(&' . . “%4-6/- 681%6=*)=*(3” - “!*'*52%C 4<*0%” // ,'*67-C
!!! . !*5-C 0-7*5%785? - C,?/%. "31 35, E 2, 1976.
43
34536 3 '?,3'* 45%'-0@2318 435C)/8 ' “'*0-/3. ;*4- &?7-C” - *(3 5*67%'5%;-' “%4-6/%: 681%6=*)=*(3” -6:3)C -, /32;*4;-- +. %/399% 67%0 45*)1*731 3&68+)*2-C 6 . !30-'*77-. *,80@7%7? A73(3 3&68+)*2-C 45-'*)*2? ' 67%7@*: Solivetti C.
La vita da cani di uno schizofrenico: Il diario di un pazzo di N. Gogol’, a c. di T. Polo. Roma:
L’albatros, 2010.
44
!03'%5@ /%)*1-- 366-.6/3. 1789-1794. ". 1-6. .: -1. . . %=/3'3.,
2001–2005. T. 4. !. 965.
45
"%1 +*. !. 966.
74
- "
+')'' +!( ,('+)$&!", +' ' *. *$,07. )04 !+ ' *'0#.:
" *%,*", $# ': & !*', & + * # (' *'0# ! – ..); # "%# (!",, #" "/' & $# '*&
#'"#+"0, $#'#!(, %"#, '! (' &: $#%'%' & .'##
!(; , 0 " : ( ") (, *'# – .P.) $# '*& 0 " &
$%!',. #!% ') '%, #'*&&', 5+! *$' *+&'7+*7 #$603%!
$7 '*+,( +, '$*+4 *' &&!7 '()!2!&, (,*#6+*7 %.&! %3 *%2&!7 ! *!'.
'()!2!& ## )**# 0!#: ()(!*#
)(!*# ! ! !$4 !%+ +#*+ *$'&3" ! &'&' &0&3"
*++,*. '&'" *+')'&3 – 5+' ‘0,!’ '$'*, ()&&3 5(!*+'$7)&'% *+!$. %*+ * +% 5+' !)+,$4&3 '$'*, ,02! '$4&'%
*' &&!! '()!2!&. *$ #3% ! (!*% *$,+ ' #'%%&+)!", #'+')3" '*,2*+$7+*7 )!% !$', +' *+4 *% #'%%&+)!" 3*+,(+ -,&#/!! *'') &'" '++&'" )($!#!. #'&/,
(' '+&'1&!6 # (!*#% *%'' '()!2!& ()(!*# %'+ )**%+)!+4*7 ## 0!*+"1!" +#*+ +#*+, +' *+4 ## !&+)+#*+,$4&7
'+*3$#. +#, +#*+ ('()%&&' *+,(6+ +' '&', +' ),' , !
* '&! *'!&&3, (' #)"&" %), '&'" +$*&'" ''$'0#. #*+
*'" *+),#+,)'" ()$+ %'$4 )'+3 )*2($&&'' (1! '-)&!0*#'') *' &&!7.
#0*+ ()+0!#' 0,!. '$'*' (!*4% *'0# 3('$&76+
+, -,&#/!6 ()*+$&!7 $7 *' *+')'&3 (&1&" +'0#! )&!7), 0+' ! )($!#! ()*'&". %3" 7)#!" -)%&+ (''&'' )' – ' &1&'*+! '()!2!& ! '+&'1&!! # &%, '-!:
& #+*7, *$! 5+'+ #%)-6&#) &)!+*7, +' *#')' ,+ &)!+4*7 ! +'+
0!&'&!#, #'+')3" *!!+ , (( #!&+. ., ma chere, *$! 3 +3 &$,
##'" 5+' ,)'. ')1&&7 0)(. %1# <…> '$'*3 & ' '$'
'0&4 ('.'! & *&' (204-205).
$ *$,+ ' %,2&&7 )($!# – #'%%&+)!" '()!2!&:
( !"0 # #& &"#?
!*4% ),+ & *7 +# -,&#/!6 ('*+'&!7 (!&! ('*+'+$4&'' *6+) ! *')1&&' '*'3% ') '% ('!6+
*' &&! '()!2!& # ‘$!#'%, ()$'%,’. (!*4% ! '& 3$7+ !&+)+#*+,$4&,6 '+*3$#,:
“& #+*7, 0+' ) $7+4 %3*$!, 0,*+ ! (0+$&!7 * ),!% *+4 '&'
! ()3. $ & *+”. %! 3*$4 ('0)(&,+ ! '&'' *'0!&&!7, ()&&'' * &%/#''. &!7 & ()!('%&6 (202).
“&(! (*#(--%” . . %%"3
75
, )) 2#1- !9/01$1 '& 0+-"- 0$ =, ' )-++$,1'/2= .'0:+- $#%', ,.-*,$,,-$ 1)!# "*&%()3#, -./'8', )) 2#1- !9/01$1
'& 0+-"- 0$ =, ' ,4-#'1 $+)-$, 3-/'01'6,-$ !9/%$,'$ 0!-'+ #24-!,9+ &./-0+: “,$ .-#!(1$ 6$*-!$)! 4-62 !'#$1: 6$*-!$) '
1/$ 2< .'8' – 1-(, )-1-/= 9 .'1* ' 20*%#* #272” (204). -,
)) 9 .$/$3-/+1'/2$1 .-7*9( 0<%$1 - "$,$/*:0)-( #-6$/' ' 1'12*=/,-+ 0-!$1,')$ ! 0)&)2 - )-/-*$ ' $"- '& /,,'5$.
)'!-), '*' #!-(,-$ .-,'+,'$
-*, /1 .'7$1, 61- ;)'!-) “!-&,')$1 )) ./-#2)1 #!24 "-*-0-!,
!-0./','+$+94 )) /!,-./!,9$; &#$0: ./-'04-#'1 ',1$/3$/$,5'=
#!24 )-++2,')1'!,94 *','(”.46 #*:7$, "-!-/= - #!-(,-+ .-,'+,'', . /1 2)&9!$1, 61- ;)'!-) ./$#.-*"$1 /&*'6$,'$ #!24 #/$01-!.
'"2/ ;)'!-) /0./-01/,=$10= , !0$ 1$)01-!-$ ./-01/,01!“.'0-) 02+07$#7$"-”. 0+-+ #$*$, !,21/$,,'+ #/$01-+ &.'0-) =!*=$10= 0+ -./'8',, ,- “.'0)'” )) 42#-%$01!$,,-$ ./-'&!$#$,'$ '+$<1 #/2"-"-, !,$7,$"- #/$01 – 6'11$*=. !-(,-$ .-,'+,'$ !)*<6$10= ! 1-1 +-+$,1, )-"# -./'8', !.$/!9$ 0*97'1 )%$$0! %"%(%! 0- 6-,)' $#%' ' #*:7$ 2&,$1 - .$/$.'0)$ $#%'
' '#$*:. .$/!-,6*2 ;1- +-%$1 91: !-0./',=1- )) 4-/-7- '&!$01,9( *'1$/12/,9( ./'$+, ,- 01$.$,: /04-%#$,'= +$%#2 #!2+=
.-,'+,'=+' 2!$*'6'!$10= .- +$/$ ./-#!'%$,'= -1 !90)&9!,'= )
!90)&9!,'<. ,6'+9+' -)&9!<10= *-"'6$0)'$ )1$"-/'', &,6$,'$ '01',,-01'/*-%,-01' 02%#$,'=. &$1,9$ 0-- 8$,'= - 2#'!'1$*:,94 0*26=4 ("-!-/=8'$ %'!-1,9$) -./'8',9+ !-0./','+<10=
)) 1-, 61- ./-'&-7*- ! #$(01!'1$*:,-01', ! 1- !/$+= )) #*= 6'11$*=
;1- ./'+$/9 & !,-( ,$ 9!*:8',9.
*00'6$0)'( ./'+$/ #!-(,-"- .-,'+,'= – 0*$#2<8= &.'0: -./'8',: '$2(0, ( $$% '#$ 3 $,$2 $% ("/-)0
)0 )! ., !%)%'/+ $!)% . $ /" $ ("/+"
(-1+$1'+ !,-!: ./'!=&,,-01: ) =&9)2 )-**$)1'!,-"- 1!-/6$01! ;1,-0, 0/. $8$: % %!%"% &%"%$/ )%'%% &'%%-"% (%/), !%)%'%%
$!!% &'% $ %&-) ('$$ ( $ (!! (!)0 $ &'%#
%&()0). *= -./'8', )) #/$01 ;1- )-,0115'= '&+$,$,'( !
$"- .$/5$.1'!,94 0.-0- ,-01=4, #*= !,$7,$"- #/$01 – 0'",* '
.-#1!$/%#$,'$ .0'4'6$0)-"- /001/-(01!. 1-"- +-+$,1, )) -./'8', 2&,$1, 61- -, '0.,0)'( )-/-*: (#$$% )%"0!% (%$3 %
_________________
46
') . S/Z. ., 1994. . 164.
76
!/ #
0($" )#! 2), $%81,+9 &/'"!& )*+1,: '2'"# *+, (1",,%6) )*(", '(&"'0"", )*83" (+)*"9," ()*"3"', '
‘)*"%6'5#’ 9!5$ ("'( (#'( ,(%$('" )*%, " +& ()*"3"'): %)((. – +'",*5; "#$'($ !1 ' $&(." $!$" (! &#., ! '$!(.) – )0"',5; #+!& – *(,'"$ &"0"'+$(( -1* '"9, )&! "#2 %! $1 %$ $!$ – &.+&' $., %& '()%!# #; .&! $!$) – 2 &,! $ #!# .(/ "$#*$"; #,! "# # $!$) %(/ *$!$#$1 $$1 –
# %$%!'2 ! 2 &) # +. +6 (% +( )(* ,, '+$(%6$( /(*(2( ( +"+,&5 ()"+'"9 (( 2,%6,) )(/(9, $ ()"+5&(# +",-0"". '-,*" +9 ('" +(*2''( %("1'5 " ')*(,"(*1"5.
&+,'( ')(&'",6, 1,( ' )*(,9 '"" +/ +("/ !)"+($ ()*"3"' *-%9*'( %, ,$-8 !)"+6: $" $!/- ,'(1 !! #
&$( (!)"+6 (, 4 ($,9*9); $'! $ $!/- ,'(1 !! #
&$( (!)"+6 (, 9 '(9*9); $!/- ,'(1 !! # &$( ()"+6 (, 12 '(9*9). (+%'99 !)"+6 (, 8 $*9 ()* )(9%'"&
'((( $%'*9: $ 2000 %&!2 43 ,'!) , "!49+''" ,(&-, 1,(
"&''( %% ()*"3"' % 1& )(%( '"": $!/- ,'(1
!! # &$( &'')! $ !* '%#. '1 ((*9, “%"$"# )*%(&” – 7,( *!-%6,, ')*9 ''(# -&+,''(# 9,%6'(+,".
( +-3+,-, )* '&" (''( ( +(( %("1+$(( $('0
)*+,%'" ( *!'5/ ,(1$/ !*'"9 " *!'5/ "'"9/, , !'1", – "
( "/ (,'(+",%6'(+,". +6 9!5$ ' ,(%6$( )*(+,%9, ,$-8 (!&( '(+,6, '( " (!&( '(+,6 7, ($!5,+9 *!*-2",%6'(# %9 1%($.
+ -,* '"9 ()*"3"', (,'(+93"+9 $ .(*&0"" (3)*"'9,(# ", $$ -,* 8,, *"."0"*(''(# $*,"'5 &"*, 5* '5
' +(%8,'( )*"%6'(& 9!5$, + '+'"& )*"1"''(-+%+,''5/
(,'(2'"#. ( +,6 9!5$ $$ 5 ()-+$, $(&"'0"8 %85/ +%+,"# + %85&" )*"1"'&" " 5+,*"'" %85/ “(!&( '5/ &"*(”.
& $ ,+9 +-*'5& “(,$*5,"” ()*"3"':
(,$*5%, 1,( ",# " +)'"9 +(*2''( (' " , !&%9, " ,(%6$( )(
' +,- +1",8, "/ ! *!'5 (+-*+,. +(,-8 +& '*(1'(
')"+,6 ' -& +)'"9, ,( " 5#, ",# (211-212).
( '(, ('$(, !,6+9 ()*(+(&, +-3+,-, %" ,$9 “,(1$ !*'"9”, "%" ,$(# -*('6 )('"&'"9, )*" $(,(*(& ''5 5+$!5'"9
9%98,+9 ' ,$"&" - +-*'5&". -3+,",%6'( “!&%9” *-++$(& 9!5$ &'((!'1'(, " ('( "! !'1'"# – “+-2, !&'9 ,*6”, *-( – “(+-*+,(”. ",# " +)'"9, !-+%('(, *!'5 (+-*+,, '( ('" "'5 ,(&, 1,( )*"'% , !&%. +)'"9 " ",# –
“%4-6/- 681%6;*);*(3” . . 3(30@
77
8(/5B- :676504B, 56 6,56*8-4-556 – D:6 /5(20 709C4-556+6 F/B2( 2(2
9-406:0?-9261 909:-4B. ,-9C 5-3C/F 5- *976450:C 7C-9B 65-926, 5(7804-8, :(26- ;:*-8.,-50- 0/ 7C-9B “$862”: “%:6 6:30?(-: 5-6097(5920- F/B20 6: ,8;+0= F/B26*B= +8;77, :(20= 2(2 (*9:801920- 0 5-6(*9:801920-… D:6 0= 76:8F9(EA-- 9=6,9:*6, 26:686- 76?:0 5- 76/*63F-:
0= 6:30?0:C ,8;+ 6: ,8;+(…”.47 6 *9-= D:0= 93;?(F= ;9:(5(*30*(-:9F
86,6-*0,6*6- 6:56@-50-. *6156- 76504(50- (305+*09:0?-9201 D20*62) /(36.-56, :(204 6)8(/64, * 9;A569:0 F/B2(.
)8(/ (*:68(
:-29:- “(70962” 4B *9:8-?(-4 928B:B- 05:-8:-29:B, 26:68B- 6:9B3(E: 2 :*68?-9:*; 9(46+6 6+63F. 50 8(99B7(5B 76 :-29:; * *0,4-:65040?-920= 93-,6* – 936*, 6)8(/6*, 97->0<0?-920= 2659:8;2>01,
9:030/(>01 864(5:0?-926+6 9:03F. &:6 :(20- 936*-95B- 90+5(3B, 2(2
;-2*0>, 8;/-2, 43:71*.67*5, &3:%5, 082%, 236=, 082%, :*57, 753./%
&=675=9, /%/ '-935>, /32*.; D:6 9*619:*-55B- 04-556 6+63E <684B
269*-556-78F461 8-?0 (- 43731 6/%,%7> -1, :73 @ 40?? 2% '%6 3&3-9,
98. * “!-*0/68-”: #5%/7-5<-/ 6/%,%0, :73 2* )%1 '%1 *67>).48 &:0
05:-8:-29:B 5- 46+;: )B:C 6:5-9-5B 2 6780A05;-8(992(/?02;. #(2.5-: 6956*(501 9*F/(:C 9 F/B26*61 30?569:CE 6780A05( ;28(050/4B,
26:68B=, *786?-4, *-9C4( 5-456+6 * :-29:- “(70962 9;4(9@-,@-+6”.
,-9C 46.56 ;2(/(:C 5( <684; 86,0:-3C56+6 7(,-.( -,059:*-556+6
?093( ; 9;A-9:*0:-3C5B= 4;.926+6 86,(: :87>-:87> 2* 5%6/0*-0 236%;
)30+-7* 23+-:/% 43:-2-7> 4*5=;/3. 696)-5569:F4 ;28(05926+6
F/B2( 6:569F:9F “7(8(33-3C5B- <684B *050:-3C56+6 7(,-.( -,059:*-556+6 ?093( 6: 456+0= 9;A-9:*0:-3C5B= 4;.926+6 86,(: ',@' 23+%
0 2i+…”.49 :4-:04, ?:6 092;95(F 6)8()6:2( 780*-,-556+6 *B92(/B*(50F (*5;:8-55FF 80<4( 23+-:/% – 4*5=;/3, 76*:68 +3(+63C56+6 ;78(*3-50F, 80:40?-92(F 68+(50/(>0F) 6:569F:9F 2 *B8(/0:-3C5B4 98-,9:_________________
47
!*',-2% . ., !*',-2 . . "-406:0?-9201 D297-804-5: 5( 9>-5- ((8;@-50- 769:;3(:( 5684(3C56+6 6)A-50F 2(2 ,8(4(:;8+0?-9201 780-4) // #8;,B 76 /5(26*B4 909:-4(4. V. #(8:;: #$, 1971. ". 249 -250.
48
. . $97-59201 *0,0: * ,(5561 2659:8;2>00 5-96)9:*-556-78F4;E 8-?C ($64*26/-. . . 6D:02( 26476/0>00. ., 1970. ". 48-51). . ". 697-36* 8(994(:80*(3 8(5-:(20- 769:86-50F 04-556 2(2 269*-556-78F4;E 8-?C, F*3FEA;E9F 7-8-=6,5B4 6)8(/6*(50-4 5( 7;:0 6: 78F461 8-?0 2 5-96)9:*-556-78F461 ( 364*03' . ". -96)9:*-55678F4(F 8-?C 0 <684B -G *B8(.-50F * =;,6.-9:*-5561 786/- 65?(86*( 30-40-= +6,6* //
(:-80(3B 0 0993-,6*(50F 76 09:6800 8;9926+6 30:-8(:;856+6 F/B2(. #. 4. ., 1957).
49
*03)*) . ., 3'73&5?9 . . $28(059201 F/B2 // '/B20 5(86,6* """!. #64
7-8*B1. 5,6-*867-1920- F/B20. ., 1966. ". 135.
78
!+, #*$)'+ -1 =&9) -./'8',-/00)&6'). ) +9 ./'4-#'+ )
- /&2 !1-/ ! “.'0)4 02+07$#7$"-”.
1$"-/'= - /& !1-/ ! 42#-%$01!$,,-+ 1$)01$ 9* !9#$*$, '
./-,*'&'/-!, .. ',-"/#-!9+.50 /& !1-/ – ;1- - /& .'01$*= )) 0-&#1$*= #,,-"- 1$)01. /& !1-/ 3-/+'/2$10= ! 1$)01$
, -0,-!$ 1-"-, ))-$ !-.*-8$,'$ .-*26<1 ! ;1-+ 1$)01$ $"- 01/2)12/,9$ ./+$1/9. - 8$,,- +-%,- 0)&1:, 61- 1)'+' ./+$1/+'
=!*=<10= )-++2,')1'!,= /+) (-1./!'1$*:/-1./!'1$*' – .-*261$*:/.-*261$*'), )-+.-&'5'= ' 1'.9 )-+.-&'5'-,,- – /$6$!94 01/2)12/, =&9). ! .$/!94 ./+$1/ 9*' .- 028$01!2 2%$ /00+-1/$,9, '
&#$0: +9 4-1$*' 9 -01,-!'1:0= , =&9)$ "-"-*$!0)-( .-!$01'.
-./-0 - =&9)$ +-%$1 .-)&1:0= #-011-6,- -6$!'#,9+, +$%#2
1$+ -, 1'1 ! 0$ $ 5$*9( )-+.*$)0 ./- *$+. - +90*' . . ',-"/#-!, ! “- /&$ !1-/” !-.*-8$,- -1,-7$,'$ .'01$*= ) *'1$/12/,-+2 =&9)2 0!-$( ;.-4', ) 0.-0- + $"- .-,'+,'=, ./$- /%$,'= ' ;01$1'6$0)-"- '0.-*:&-!,'=.51 ;1-, -6$,: $+)-$ .-,'+,'$ .. ',-"/#-! -.'/*0=, '00*$#2= =&9) /200)'4 .'01$*$( VIII- !$)-!. / -14, .-0!=8$,,94 =&9)2 -"-*=,52 .. ',-"/#-! ./-0*$%'!$1
;!-*<5'< $"- 42#-%$01!$,,-"- =&9) -1 “$6$/-! , 421-/$ *'& '),:)'” #- “9 /,,94 +$01 '& .$/$.'0)' 0 #/2&:=+'”, '04-#= '& ./'02101!'= ! ;1-+ =&9)$ /&*'6,94 "$,$1')--01'*'01'6$0)'4 .*01-!
(./-01-/$6'$ ' 2)/','&+9, 5$/)-!,-0*!=,'&+9 ' $!/-.$'&+9), 0-5'*:,- ' ./-3$00'-,*:,- +/)'/-!,,94 =&9)-!, 0*$#-!,'= /&*'6,9+ *'1$/12/,9+ 01'*=+. /)1$/'&2= ! 5$*-+ =&9) “$1$/ 2/"0)'4 .-!$01$(” .. ',-"/#-! -1+$6$1, 61- &#$0: ./$#01!*$, “,$(1/*:,9(” 3-,# 201,-- 91-!-( *$)0')', 0!-(01!$,,-( *<#=+ ,$/'01-)/1'6$0)-"- )/2",53 1- $01: /$6: '#$1 - =&9)$ .-!0$#,$!,-"- "-/-#0)-"- - 8$,'=. !$/4 1-"- .- -1,-7$,'< ) “.'0)+ 02+07$#7$"-” -1+$6$10=, 61- “/&"-!-/,--6',-!,'6:= ' ),5$*=/0)--#$*-!=
01/2= &+$1,- 20'*'!$10= ' .-#6',=$1 0$ $ !0$ #/2"'$ 0-5'*:,9$ -11$,)' ' /&*'6'= 01'*$( ./-01-/$6'=”.54
/2"'$ 0.$)19 42#-%$01!$,,-"- '#'-*$)1 . . -"-*= (' ./$%#$
!0$"- – ',#'!'#2*:,--!1-/0)'$ !9/&'1$*:,9$ 0/$#01!) 9*' /0_________________
50
. . 1$-/'' 42#-%$01!$,,-( /$6'. ., 1971.
. . . =&9)$ 42#-%$01!$,,-( ./-&9. ., 1980.
52
. . 6$/)' .- '01-/'' /200)-"- *'1$/12/,-"- =&9) VII-IX !.
., 1982. *! I; . &9) -"-*= // . . & /,,9$ 1/2#9. &9) '
01'*: /200)'4 .'01$*$(. 1 /+&', #- -"-*=. ., 1990.
53
. . &9) -"-*=. . 280.
54
+ %$. . 282.
51
“"$ $%$&&!” . . !!(
79
*0;2; " ,-.#.7(1+%--;5 (11+%$." -(?5, 10%$( *.2.0;5 /(.-%01*.)
12 + ('"%12- ? ,.-.#0 4(? -$0%? %+.#..55
';* * * 53$.&%12"%--;) 1(,".+
+(-#"(12(7%1*., /.$5.$% * 53$.&%12"%--.,3 2%*123 "1%#$ %12< -%*.2.0 ? -%$.#.".0%--.12<. (12. 1,;1+.".) ( (-2%0/0%2 6(.--;)
/.$5.$ /0('- %2, 0 '3,%%21?, '- 7%-(% ?';* , -. 1.10%$.2 7(" %21? * *(5-2. .2$%+<-;5 ?"+%-(?5, /0("+%*8(5 "-(, -(% (11+%$." 2%+?:
*+>7%";5 1+." 5, *.--.2 6(?5, 20./ 5 – 7 9% "1%#. ,%2 4.0 5. ';*
2%*12 ". "1%) /.+-.2% %#. 43-*6(.-(0." -(? " 2%*12% -% 4(#30(03%2
* * .!:%*2 0 11,.20%-(?. 2 * ? 2.7* '0%-(? (,%%2, * * !3$2., !%'31+."-.% /0 ". - 139%12"." -(%.
1 ,., $%+%, * *.% '- 7%-(% (,%%2 $+? 0%*.-1203*6(( 53$.&%12"%--.#. ,(0 “ /(1.* 13, 18%$8%#.”, 1* &%,, " 0( 2("-.12< #0 ,, 2(7%1*(5 4+%*1() 139%12"(2%+<-.#.? 2. /0.(12%* %2 (' 7 12.2-.12( 3/.20%!+%-(? 2.#. (+( (-.#. " 0( -2 ? =2. 2%, !.+%% "%0-., 72.
$ 2< /.+-.% ./(1 -(% ?';* +>!.#. 2%*12 /0 *2(7%1*( -%".',.&-.,
(!. .-. 1"%$%21?, " *.-6% *.-6.", * ./(1 -(> ?';*.".) 1(12%,;. 1%
&% ,; /0($%0&(" %,1? $03#.#. "'#+?$ , ".15.$?9%#. * 37%-(> ..
(-.#0 $." . 1(,".+% * * %$(-(6% 53$.&%12"%--.) 0%7(. (,".+ "
/.-(, -(( .. (-.#0 $." – =2. “=12%2(7%1*( .4.0,+%-- ? ( 53$.&%12"%--. +.* +('." -- ? %$(-(6 0%7( " 1.12 "% /.=2(7%1*.#. /0.('"%$%-(?”.56 39%12"%--;,( ?"+?>21? 20( ,.,%-2 : ) 1(,".+., ,.&%2
";123/ 2< +>! ? %$(-(6 0%7( – .2 ,.04%,; $. ";1* ';" -(?; !) 1(,".+;, /. 139%12"3, .,.-(,(7-; %$(-(6 , ?';* " /+ -% (5 (1/.+<'." -(? " $03#(5 0 '-."($-.12?5 $(1*301 ; ") '- 7%-(% 1(,".+ “.!31+."+%-. '- 7%-(%, $ *.,/.'(6(( $ --.#. ‘=12%2(7%1*.#.’ .!:%*2 ”.57
12 2(, =2. /.-(, -(% /. 139%12"3 1..2"%212"3%2 ";0 !.2 --.,3 " 1%,(.2(*% /0%$12 "+%-(> . 53$.&%12"%--., ?';*% * * "2.0(7-.) ,.$%+(03>9%) 1(12%,%. . '$%1< ".'-(* %2 " &-%)8() "./0.1: * * ./0%$%+(2< “1"%051%, -2(*3” 1(,".+.", 2. %12< 2. '- 7%-(%, *.2.0.% .-( /0(.!0%2 >2, " 1.12 "% 53$.&%12"%--.#. 2%*12 ? 0( =2., (,%>21? " "($3
-% ";0 '(2%+<-;% 10%$12" ( /0(%,;, -% (-2%02%*12;, ".2 (,%--.
1 , .!9%- 6(.- +<-;) ?';*, %#. 1+." 0< ( %#. #0 ,, 2(* .
_________________
55
' . ';* .#.+?. ., 1924.
!#! . . /.='(( --; 5, 2.".) (2(+(12(7%1*(% - !0.1*() // . '!0 --;% 203$;. .=2(* 0311*.) +(2%0 230;. ., 1976. . 372-373.
57
, &%. . 374.
56
80
B .4',3, >95 ) F.B1, :?1/4' (B2 5154>'9,2C45 7,?,4 )56758 5
“817,@,4// 14/-45*5 / 5(/<5+45*5 4'>'2”, 1'1 D95 4'.B)',9 . . /451:7.58 +4'15 675(2,3' 4573B – ) 585(,44589/ *7'33'9/>,8150 /
89/2/89/>,8150 4573B – 675+52-'2' 589')'9C8F '19:'2C450 4' 6759F-,4// )8,*5 +,)F94'+='95*5 ),1'. +,8C 35-,9 )5.4/14:9C )56758: 1'15, .4'>,4/, /3,,9 F.B15)'F 4573', 1'1 54' (B2' 67,+89')2,4' ) 7:88153 2/9,7'9:7453 F.B1, ) 30-, *5+B $I$ ),1', 1 <:+5-,89),4453: 3/7: *5*52,)815*5 9,189'? ' 4'? ).*2F+, /3,,9 .4'>,4/,, / 5>,4C (52C?5,. !,0>'8 :-, 7'8<5-+,4/0 3,-+: 85)7,3,44B3 F.B153 / F.B153
D65</ 4'6/8'4/F “'6/851 8:3'8?,+?,*5” 9'1 345*5, >95 )6524, )5.35-,4 D186,7/3,49'2C4B0 6,7,)5+ D95*5 9,189' 4' 85)7,3,44B0 F.B1.
7/ 9'153 6,7,)5+, )5.4/1',9 85),7?,445 /450 9,189. %95 *5)57/9 5
953, >95 *5*52,)81/0 9,189 4,59+,2/3 59 )7,3,4/ 8)5,*5 4'6/8'4/F,
>95, )675>,3, '(852E945 ,89,89),445 / +'-, 97/)/'2C45, ,82/ /3,9C )
)/+:, >95 ) 1'-+B0 15417,94B0 /8957/>,81/0 353,49 >,25),1 7'8652'*',9 /3,445 / 952C15 9,3 F.B153, 1'150 4'2/>,89):,9 ) D959 6,7/5+.
82/ +56:89/9C, >95 ),8C F.B1 ) =,253 35-,9 7'883'97/)'9C8F 1'1
,+/4B0 <:+5-,89),44B0 8/3)52 – 1'15)' “8),7<8,3'49/1'” 9'15*5
8/3)52'? 5-45 67,+6525-/9C, >95 D95 .4'>,4/, /8957/>4589/, /2/
9,3657'2C4589/ ) 82,+:E@,3 83B82,: ) 8/2: 95*5, >95 F.B1 /8652C.:,98F +2F ),7('2/.'=// )4,F.B15)5*5 3/7' / 7'.455(7'.4B< 1533:4/1'9/)4B< 8/9:'=/0, 54 1'1 7'. / 8)/+,9,2C89):,9 5 “1'79/4, 3/7'” / 1533:4/1'9/)4B< 8/9:'=/F< +'445*5 )7,3,4/. &.B1 1'1 (B )9F*/)',9 ) 8,(F D959 3/7 (95, >95 /45*+' 4'.B)'E9 “)4,?4,0 8,3'49/150”), / ) D953
83B82 9,3657'2C4589/.59 ' F.B15)B3/ 5(7'.5)'4/F3/ )89',9 3'9,7/'2C4'F +,089)/9,2C4589C, (B)?'F 67,-+, 5(A,1953 /< 7,;,7,4=//, <:+5-,89),44B0 9,189 6758'>/)',98F D950 9,3657'2C4589CE, ) 8)5E 5>,7,+C 6,7,458F ,G ) 85.+')',3B0 9,18953 <:+5-,89),44B0 :4/),78:3.
2F 654/3'4/F 95*5, >95 675/.5?25 8 567/@/4B3, 5>,4C )'-45 654F9C, >95 54 67,+89')2F,9 85(5E 1'1 “/8957/>,81/0” >,25),1. 97:+'<
65 /8957/>,8150 68/<525*// /3,E98F +)' 6759/)56525-4B< 34,4/F
59458/9,2C45 >,25),1' )5 )7,3,4/. "7'+/=/5445, 67,+89')2,4/, – 5
4,/.3,4453 >,25),1,, “8 ,*5 ),>4B3/ / 5+455(7'.4B3/ 897'89F3/ /
)8,*+' 5+450 / 950 -, +52,0 .+7')5*5 83B82'”.60 7/8:@,, F.B1: .4'_________________
58
. . :881/0 F.B1. 8957/>,81/0 5>,71 // . .(7'44B, 7'(59B 65
7:88153: F.B1:. ., 1959. !. 100.
59
7,+658B21'3/ +2F +'445*5 :9),7-+,4/F 6582:-/2 /8957/5*7';/>,81/0 65+<5+
1 “/8957// 654F9/0”, 7'.7'(59'44B0 . 5.,22,153 (83.: 8957/F 654F9/0, /8957/F
+/81:78', /8957/F 3,9';57. !(. 89'9,0. ,7. 8 4,3. . 2010).
60
. #7'4=/F 7'44,*5 45)5*5 )7,3,4/, 1500-1640. %88, 65 /8957/>,8150
68/<525*//. ,7. 8 ;7'4=. ., 2010. !. 45.
“! !#!$$” . . &
81
5#+&# 0#*-,.)9+,/0& < )<#0/< .!1*#+0,* -,)9%1 ".1!,!, %!)<" –
-.&/10/0 &# 5#), #5#/(,' .&0& +,/0&: “($"< 4& &)&%4&<, &)&
0,5+##, ($"8' *,*#+0 .% &0&< 4& &)&%4&&, -,(%8 #0 +* 5#), #(, (,0,.8' ,0)&5#0/< ,0 / ,&3 -.#"6#/0 #++&(, & / ,&3 -.##*+&(, , /#*, +5&+< ,0 :*,4&,+)9+,' 1. +, #6#++,/0& & ", *#+0)9+,!, ,/+7#+&<”.61 #*-,.)9+,/09, (( +#1/0.+&*8' /*8/), 3,"&0 & /-,/, 0#)#/+,!, /17#/0 , +&< ,-.&7&+, & 0&- #!, /,4&)9+,' /.#"8, & /,"#.$+&# #!, &+0#))#(01)9+83 1/&)&' & :*,4&,+)9+83 -#.#$& +&'. %1*##0/<, /)#" % 5#), #(,* “&/0,.&5#/(&*” + -#. 8' -)+ 83,"<0 1+&()9+8# 3.(0#.&/0&(& &*#++, "++,', (,+(.#0+,' )&5+,/0&.
.,",)$< .%!, ,. , <%8(, ,' +,.*#, /)#"1#0 ,0*#0&09 #7# +#(,0,.8# #= /-#(08. ,--#. 83, <%8(, < +,.* +# /17#/0 1#0 &%,)&.,++,, (( 0,, 50, -.&*#+&*, 0,)9(, ( <%8(1: “,+4#-0 +,.*8 -.&*#+&* -.(0&5#/(& (, /#* /2#.* $&%+& – < )#+&<* -.&.,"8, #/0#/0#++8* .,"*, 8 #"#++8* (1)901.*, .0#2(0*, ,.!+&%** & *#3+&%**, -,!,"#, /,4&)9+8* < )#+&<*, -, #"#+&; );"#' & &3 "#'/0&<* ("#,+0&5#/(&# +,.*8), :(,+,*&(#, &/(1//0 1, +1(#, <%8(1 & *86)#+&;, -.,2#//&,+)9+8* "#'/0 &<*, &!.*, /-,.01 & 0.-. /17+,/0&, ,/+, +8# *#3+&%*8 $&%+& / ,"<0/< ( ,.9# 3,/ & (,/*,/, %(,+ & #%%(,+&<, ,0 #5;7&* "#/0.1(0& +,*1 & (,+/0.1(0& +,*1
+5)1, -.&5#* 0 ,.5#/0 , / <%+, (( / 0#*, 0( & / ".1!&*”.62
,- 0,.83, .<",* / +,.*,' /#!" /17#/0 1#0 +,*)&<. . . .10;+, /)#"1;7&* ,.%,* 3.(0#.&%1#0 /,,0+,6#+&# +,.*8 & +,*)&&: “#)9%<, (,+#5+,, 10 #.$"09, 50, +,.*, -. &), & -,.<",( 3,.,6& 0#*, 50, -,.,$";0 ,0(),+#+&<, +.16#+&< & #/-,.<",(. ,/00,5+, ,5# &"+,, ,"+(,, 50, :0 -,/)#"+<< (0#!,.&< &!.#0 %*#0+1;
.,)9 (( "#'/0 && *#3+&%*, $&%+& & <%8(, 0( & &3 -,%++&&”.63
(&* ,.%,*, & +,.*#, & +,*)&&, /,"#.$&0/< / ,< : .&/0&(. (,+#4, /)#"1#0 /(%09 , (5#/0 # /*,' <%8(, ,' +,.*8. +#'
-.&/10/0 1#0 /#: & ,0+,/&0#)9+,/09, & /,4&)9+,/09 (.1(,0 ,.+,/09),
& -.#"-&/+&#, & %-.#7#+&#, & .&0& +,/09, & -.#/0&$+,/09 ("#/9
-#.#5&/)<;0/< -.&%+(&, + (,0,.8# 1(%8 #0 . . .10;+, , 3.(0#.&%1< (,+4#-0 +,.*8).64 *,# !) +,# – ((, , %+5#+&# :0&3
-.&%+(,
(,+(.#0+8' -#.&," /17#/0 , +&< <%8(. 30-# !,"8 I
_________________
61
* $#.
#"% . . %8( & *&. 5#), #(. . 75-76.
63
* $#. . 74.
64
* $#.
62
82
* !
!$) =&9)-!= )-#'3')5'= (“&./$8<8'$” ,-/+9) -4!19!* &,6'1$*:,2< 601: =&9)-!94 =!*$,'(, -1,-0=8'40= )- !0$+ =&9)-!9+
2/-!,=+. /=#2 0 ;1'+ 028$01!-!* !/'1'!,-01: – ! -/3-"/3'' '
! 3-,$1')$, ! "/++1')$ (! 7'/-)-+ 0+90*$), ! 01'*'01'6$0)-( 4/)1$/'&5''. =&9)$ 1)'+ - /&-+ ./'02101!-!*' ' “4-0”, ' “)-0+-0”. ;1-+ 0+90*$ ,-/+ 9* “.*!<8$(”. 01$1 !-./-0 - “0!$/40$+,1')$” 1)-( ,-/+9, - ,-/+$ )) 42#-%$01!$,,-+ 0'+!-*$. )6$01!$ ./**$*' +-%,- ./'!$01' ./-!-#'+-$ . . /21<,-!-( /&*'6'$ +$%#2 &)1-+ – =!*$,'$+ ./'/-#9 ' &)1-+-&,)-+.65 /'+$,'1$*:,- ) =&9)2 30-4 "-#-! I !$) +9 "-!-/'*' - &,6$,'' 1$+.-/*:,-01'. /'+$,'1$*:,- ) =&9)-!-( ,-/+$ 1-"- %$ !/$+$,' +-%,"-!-/'1: - ,$&!$/7$,,-01' ' ,$201-(6'!-01'. 1 ,-/+ ./'028
=&9)-!-( *'6,-01' -./'8', )) .$/0-,% ' )) /00)&6').
-./'8', +$%#2 .'0:+$,,9+ ' 201,9+ #'0)2/0-+
. . '!-!2 ./',#*$%'1 &+$6,'$ - 1-+, 61- ,-0'1$*: =&9) “!9012.$1 ./$%#$ !0$"- )) ,0*$#,') 1-"- =&9)-!-"- -.91, )-1-/9(
9* ,)-.*$, ./$#7$01!2<8'+' .-)-*$,'=+' ' -0!-$, '+ ! 4-#$ $"=&9)-!-"- 028$01!-!,'= (./' 201,-( )-++2,')5'', ! ./-5$00$ 61$,'=, ./' - 26$,'' =&9)2 ' 1.#.)”.66 .'0)' )) *'1$/12/,9( %,/ 0--1,-0=10= 0 .'0:+$,,9+ #'0)2/0-+ ' !+$01$ 0 1$+ -.'/<10= , .-!0$#,$!,9( #'0)2/0 ', 0--1!$101!$,,-, 201,2< /$6:. 30-$ "-#9 I !$)
/&"-!-/,= /$6:, )) 201,= /&,-!'#,-01: *'1$/12/,-"- =&9), -101-=* -1 )-#'3')5'' ' /$"*+$,15'' ! ,$0/!,$,,- -*:7$( 01$.$,', 6$+ #/2"'$ /&,-!'#,-01' #'0)2/0. ,$0)-*:)'4 ./'+$/4 '&
0',1)0'0 ' +-/3-*-"'' +-%,- .-)&1: #!-(01!$,,-01: =&9)-!-(
*'6,-01' -./'8',. -./'8', ./'601$, ) .'0:+$,,-+2 =&9)2, )
,.'0,'<, 61- +-%,- 0!=&1: 0 $"- 0*2% -( ' 0 61$,'$+. , !-- 8$
!,'+1$*$, ) =&9)2 ' ) 0*-"2. .'0:+$ 0- 6)' $#%' -./'8', -1&9!$10= !,6*$ !$0:+ -#- /'1$*:,-: %* " #%!" ")!* #$*!". '!&'(+ ' +&* ! %&. , !90)&9!$1 '
- 8$$ 02%#$,'$ -1,-0'1$*:,- “./!'*:,-"- .'0:+”:
/!'*:,- .'01: +-%$1 1-*:)- #!-/=,',. ,- )-,$6,-, ,$)-1-/9$ ' )2.6')')-,1-/8')' ' #%$ )/$.-01,-( ,/-# .-.'09!$1 ',-"#; ,- '4 .'0,'$ -*:7$( 601:< +$4,'6$0)-$: ,' &.=194, ,' 1-6$), ,' 0*-" (195).
_________________
65
+ %$. . 90.
" . . 6$/)' '01-/'6$0)-( +-/3-*-"'' /200)-"- =&9) VII-VIII !$)-!.
., 2004. . 12.
66
“#2+4-+ 46/#49('9(&1” . . 1&1.>
83
6).56) “$3,52. 570$5<)(<)'2” 0> &564);$)0 5,16$.5,;)5.,)
.215647.:,, 52 56,/,56,;)5.,0 +1$;)1,)0 .1,*1256,. $.2&2 71$5/)(2&$112) ,+ 56$425/$&B15.2'2 B+>.$ ,532/?+2&$1,) 5&B+., (45<: 0(
-#)(54>, 851 3#*'(.>5< /;4.+, 86%45%# + %2(8#5.(0+> 4 '36&+/ (45<
1'01 +* $.#& 0# 4%(5(; 1'.+001 423#%('.+%1 4-#*#. -#-1,-51 2+4#5(.<, 851 .=$1%< (45< %513#> )+*0< (,+ 3,5)0 52%$;., )(*, – . .);
!(&1'0>90+, '(0< – (45< '(0< %(.+8#,9(&1 513)(45%#.67 $.2&> 34,;$561>) 2%2426>: 6%+'(. 21':(7#%96= -#3(56 - /#&#*+06, /+/1 -15131&1 > 23171'+.; " 1$4/153(.4> + 6%+'(. 21' *105+-1/ 9('9+7 '%67
'#/; 10 6%+'(., $;5< /1)(5, 23('2185+5(.<01 /0( 1-#*;%#(/;( *0#-+ $.#&13#421.1)(00145+.
,5/2.$:,B 734$&/BA=,9 , 734$&/B)0>9 ;/)12& & @6,9 2%2426$9
B&/B)65B .1,*12- , $49$,;12-, ,%2 265>/$)6 . B+>.2&2- 34$.6,.)
#VIII &).$ , 1) +$&)4<)11207 & 3)4&2- 64)6, #I# &).$ 342:)557 &>4$%26., 4755.2- ‘24'$1,;)5.2-’ 5,16$.5,;)5.2- 1240>.68 6).56) &564);$A65B , (47',) .1,*1>) .215647.:,,, .2624>0 & ($/?1)-<)0 34)(562B/2 56$6? 5,16$.5,;)5.,0, $49$,+0$0,, 54. (.+-+, +0-%+*+513
69(. 15 /(0> 3#*&0(%#00;, + &31*> /0( -#-+/-51 0#-#*#0+(/.69 & 32&)56&2&$1,,, , & 23,5$1,,, , & 4$557*()1,, 234,=,1 – 4$55.$+;,.
34,%)'$)6 .$. . 34256>0 34)(/2*)1,B0 4$+12- 8240$/?12- 5647.674>,
6$. , . 5/2*1>0 34)(/2*)1,B0 5 4$+&)6&/)112- 5647.6742-.
.$.,)-62 020)16> 0> 1$;,1$)0 25642 ;7&56&2&$6? ‘(>9$1,) $&624$’. $. @62 342,592(,6? $550264,0 1)%2/?<2- 84$'0)16 ,+ +$3,5, 26
2B%4B, 8:
>/ )=) .$.2--62 &2()&,/? 5 +$%$&1>0, 56,<.$0, 1$ 564B3;,9, 252%)112 1$ 2(12'2 .2//)*5.2'2 4)',564$624$, &)5?0$ &2/?12 1$3,5$11>), 6$., ;62 B (,&,/5B,
.$. 3423756,/$ :)1+74$, $ 2 .73:$9 34B02 '2&24B6, ;62 21, 2%0$1>&$A6 1$42( ,
;62 5>1., ,9 ()%2<1,;$A6 , /)+76 & (&24B1) (198).
)'.2 &,()6?, ;62 @62 5/2*12) 34)(/2*)1,) 5 52;,1)1,)0 , 32(;,1)1,)0 &25342,+&2(,6 92( 0></)1,B 234,=,1$, 3)4)($11>- 1$
_________________
67
. . 7/$92&5.,- 34,&2(,6 2%<,41>- 53,52. 34,0)42& 52 5&B+.2- (45< ,+ 97(2*)56&)11>9 6).562& 3)4&2- 64)6, #I# &).$ , 260);$)6, ;62 & 32+,:,, 34)(,.$6$
+()5? 34,57656&7A6 32 %2/?<)- ;$56, $%564$.61>) 57=)56&,6)/?1>). 0.: 6.#71%4-+,
. . 755.,- /,6)4$6741>- B+>. 3)4&2- 32/2&,1> #I# &).$. "21)6,.$. 2482/2',B.
!($4)1,). ,16$.5,5. ., 1954. . 297-298.
68
0. 2% @620: 1%5601%# . . 24B(2. 5/2& & 4755.20 /,6)4$674120 B+>.) #VIII3)4&2- 64)6, #I# &).$. ., 1960.
69
5,16$.5,;)5.,9 342:)55$9 & .21:) #VIII-3)4&2- 64)6, #I# &).$ & 5&B+, 5 4)82402- . . $4$0+,1$ 50. 6$.*) +01&3#'1% . . ;)4., 32 ,5624,, 4755.2'2 /,6)4$67412'2 B+>.$ #VII-#IX &&. . 186-199.
84
/ "
1*3=.'. &'3= /'4 )"#04< 0 302").'2/034* 9"34'+, 0 -0%*9'3,0. 3-'&0$"/** * &"(' 0 %2".."4*9'3,0+ 12"$*-=/034*. 3-'& )" #<4*+/<.
12'&-0('/*'. . - #-'# # / $$0&@43@ 2")-*9/<' 012'&'-'/*@ # 1 $ 40+ 103-'&0$"4'-=/034*, $ ,04020+ 0/* 12*70&@4 $ %0-0$5, 3 $,2"1-'/*@.* &'4"-*)*25?;*7 012'&'-'/*+ (& ".!
&',! " &'%1$+) – #&#""# " # &## %&'%'#%; & ".! &',! – &/! # /"# "$&""., ' +'# 1 &1,
$%#$(&' *"(%). */4",3*9'3,"@ /'30%-"30$"//034= 30)&"'4
"/",0-56, ,0402<+ ';' 53*-*$"'43@ 12* 1'2'70&' ,0 $4020+ 9"34*
3-0(/0309*/'//0%0 12'&-0('/*@ (& ".! &',! – # ($*)
$%1!# ##%1'...). 40 /' .':"'4 10/*."/*?, *#0 2")%0$02/"@ 2'9=,
,", * $/542'//@@, 03/0$"/" /" 3.<3-0$0. 10&70&'. -@ 4",0%0 31030#"
$'2#"-*)"8** 04-*9/0 10&70&*4 $<3,")<$"/*' . "--*: “-@
120340%0 9'-0$'," @)<,0$<' 1208'33< 3-5("4 -*:= &-@ 40%0, 940#<
3&'-"4= @$/<.* '%0 $1'9"4-'/*@, ('-"/*@, /".'2'/*@. ", 40-=,0 >40
&'+34$*' 30$'2:'/0 – 8'-= &034*%/54"”.70 &"-=:' "--* 120&0-("'4:
“0>4 (' 342'.*43@ 12'&34"$*4= (*)/= $ 30%-"3** 3 )",0/".* %"2.0/**; 0/ 709'4 $<1-'3/54= /"25(5 3$0* 95$34$", /' */4'--',45"-=/0 *
/' 0#0#;"@ *7...”.71
4',34' “"1*30, 35."3:'&:'%0” .< /"70&*. 62"%.'/4<, 02%"/*)0$"//<' $ 3004$'434$** *.'//0 3 10>4*9'3,0+ 4'7/*,0+. &*/ *) /*7
– )"1*3= 012*;*/" 0 '%0 ('-"/*@7: #&/ . !" ("'/ <...> #' #&/ . !" %&&!#'%'/ <...> #' #&/ . !" 1"('/ #&'"(0 <...> #' #&/ . 1"('/ '(, " '( $# #"(, 2 $%#&)#' /&'#, – #' ( )#' #&/ . !"! <...> #' #&/ . 1"('/
&$ /"0... '!-'# 1 (!0, +(&, '!-'#, 1 (!0, %, ## " "&) "'. &'3= 12'&34"$-'/" 7"2",4'2/"@ &-@ 10>4*9'3,0+ 34206< -',3*,0-3*/4",3*9'3,"@ "/"602", &010-/'//"@ ,0-=8'$0+ )".<,"?;'+ 2*6.0+. . "--* 12"$, ,0%&" 0/ %0$02*4 0 %"2.0/*)"8**: $10-/' )'./<' .'94< 012*;*/", 940 /")<$"'43@, 0#-"%02"(*$"?43@, 0#2'4"@ 0#2") )'./0%0 2"@.
;' #0-'' 3*-=/<+ >.08*0/"-=/<+ )"2@& /'3'4 $ 3'#' 103-'&/@@ )"1*3= 012*;*/", $ ,04020+ 030#'//0 $<&'-@'43@ 3-'&5?;*+ 62"%.'/4: “1"3*4' .'/@! 0)=.*4' .'/@! "+4' ./' 420+,5 #<342<7, ,",
$*702=, ,0/'+! "&*3=, .0+ @.;*,, )$'/*, .0+ ,0-0,0-=9*,, $)$'+4'3@,
,0/*, * /'3*4' .'/@ 3 >40%0 3$'4"!” (214). &/04*1/<' 12'&-0('/*@,
3*/4",3*9'3,"@ .'2/034=, /"20&/0-10>4*9'3,"@ -',3*," * /"20&/0-10>4*9'3,*' 0#2")< 300#;"?4 >40.5 2*4.*9'3,* #')512'9/0.5 042<$,5
_________________
70
71
. !)<, * (*)/=. ., 2003. . 44.
". ('.
“&(! (*#(..%” . . %%"3
85
1."%08%--. .1.!3= ,.&-. 1* ' 2; 1(,".+(7%1*3= '- 7(,.12;. "2.0
( %#. /%01.- & %$(-12"%--:) 0 ' - /0.2>&%-(( "1%#. 2%*12 .* ':" =21> -%.!:7 )-. !+('*(, ( (5 ‘":/+%1-32:% - 03&3 73"12" ’ - "1%#$
' /%7 2+%" =21> " 2%*12%.
'+(7(> ,%&$3 /(1;,%--:, ( 312-:, $(1*301., .2-.1>21>, 0 '3,%%21>, -% 2.+;*. * 1(-2 *1(13, -. ( * #0 ,, 2(*%. '$%1; 2 &% * 02(- , 2 &% $".)12"%--.12;: " 31+."(>5 -%312.)7(".) -.0,: !%11.'- 2%+;-:% ":!.0: " .2-.8%-(( " 0( -2-:5 4+%*1() $%+ =21> 2. " /.+;'3 *-(&-.12(, 2. /0.12.0%7-.12(, $+> /%0".) /.+."(-: I "%* ".
,-.#(5 1+37 >5 0 "-.) (,%--. 0 '#.".0-.12(, 2. %12; 312-.,3 $(1*3013. . . ("." /(8%2 . 2.,, 72. “1 2.7*( '0%-(> *.,,3-(* 2("-.#.
' $ -(> ,.04.+.#(7%1*(% " 0( -2: /0%$12 =2 * * 7(12:% 2%5-.+.#(7%1*(% ('$%0&*(”,72 2. %12; ,.&-. !:+. !: /0%$/.+.&(2;, 72. 2 " 0( 2("-.12; 4+%*1(), *.2.0 > (,%%21> " 2%*12% “ /(1.* 13, 18%$8%#.”, -% -%1%2 " 1%!% * *(5-2. $./.+-(2%+;-:5 1,:1+.".
1% &%, /0%&$% 7%, $%+ 2; .*.-7 2%+;-:% ":".$:, .!0 2(,1> *
/0(,%0 ,. 14%0% (,%- .!0 2(, "-(, -(% - " 0( 2("-.12; 4+%*1((
2".0(2%+;-.#. / $%& &%-1*.#. 0.$ -%2, -2 / -% , - . 1".% "0%,>
(1735 #.) . 0%$( *."1*() "*+=7(+ <23 " 0( 2("-.12; " 7(1+. /.<2(7%1*(5 ".+;-.12%), . . .,.-.1." " “.11()1*.) #0 ,, 2(*%”
(1755 #.) /0%$12 "(+ .! " 0( -2 * * 0 "-./0 "-:% +;2%0- 2("-:%, "
#0 ,, 2(*% . . 0%7 (1834 #.) $+> 139%12"(2%+;-:5 $" " 0( -2
2 *&% /0('- =21> 0 "-./0 "-:,(, .$- *. $+> /0(+ # 2%+;-:5 4+%*1(> -% / - *" +(4(6(03%21> * * “1.*0 9%-(%, 3/.20%!+>%,.% " /0.12.0%7((”.73 .2 1..2"%212"3=9(% 1+.".4.0,: " /.1+%$." 2%+;-.12(
(5 /.>"+%-(> " 2%*12% “ /(1.* 13, 18%$8%#.”, 37(2:" > %9% ,%12.(,%-(> ( /0(7 12(>: )0 (&..1 %$ )%2 – ( (%-%$!%2, ..2
*#3 ## – *("0. 4 %%'3/2 &% -"%-(! – !$) .2 $'"1(!%2 '*-!%2 – +%)1 0 %"%%2 &%)'*"(3 !$*)1 –
%"%-.1(3 '!)%'(!%2 %-'12 – $ '%. *.%2 – &'#0) <…> !!%2-)% '%)!%2 – %()$%2 – “$ $*$% &%%%')1 ( . (%-%$!% ” – ( %"1.%2 %+%)%2 – -)% 0 (% #$%2 0"%
– !%$-) (%-$%2 – ,"%2 %"%%2 0. – *#.1 %())1 %
'*!%2 – #* #$%2 "&&%# – !$*" )%"1!% '*!%2 – -'3-%! "-$%2 ( *"%-$*2 %"%!* – ( %$%2 &%"1$%2 !%2 – $'*) (%2 '%)%2– &%!"(1 ()'$$%2 $%0!$%$$3 (!%'%()1 –
_________________
72
% . . 7%0*( (12.0(7%1*.) ,.04.+.#(( 0311*.#. >':* VII-VIII "%*.".
. 13.
73
(2. /. $%'% . . 7%0*( /. (12.0(( 0311*.#. +(2%0 230-.#. >':* XVIIII "". . 202.
86
#1 %
+( # $%3 ( '#"&2 '& )' % – +( # $%3 '#"&2 – %.#
$% % &#&+ "'*1 -&#&%&2 &&2 – 0%# '#"&2 '& )*+# –
'(%( & )) #1%&2 #&&2 – )) #1%&2 #&&2.
#- %+'+/, :+4.1 62153($.(0+, 713/= 5%13+5(.>01&1 2#'()# '145#51:01 %(.+-1. * '%68 %#3+#050=8 7.(-4+, – 9(3-1%014.#%A04-1, +
3644-1, 21 231+481)'(0+@ – %1 %4(8 4.6:#A8, -31/( 1'01&1, +*$+3#(54A 21.0#A 713/#. 0# +*$+3#(54A 0(*#%+4+/1 15 *0#:(0+A 46<(45%+5(.>01&1, 23+ #%5101/01/ 62153($.(0++, % 4.1%141:(5#0++ + % +'+1/(,
0(*#%+4+/1 15 -1/21*+9+1001&1 :.(0(0+A + 5(/#5+:(4-1&1 41'(3)#0+A
15'(.>0=8 73#&/(051%. '+045%(00=, 4.6:#, +421.>*1%#0+A 7.(-4++
–&! (%='(.(01 )+30=/ ;3+751/ – ..) – ?51 -#- 3#* 23A/#A 3(:>, :51
4115%(545%6(5 *0#:(0+@ 6450145+. #- 15/(:#(5 . . +01-63, +/(001
5#-#A 21.0#A ($(* $(&.1&1 *%6-#) 713/# 65%(3)'#.#4> % -#:(45%( 013/#5+%01, % .1%#3( -#'(/++ 144+,4-1, 1789-1794 &&.74
1$#%+/ 4@'# %#3+#5+%0145> -1, -13 , -12 / - , - 3, - 2 – *'(4>, 21
3(-1/(0'#9++ . . 3(:#, %=$13 23('145#%.A.4A “%1.( 2+;6<(&1”.75
!#- %15, “%1.A 2+;6<(&1” % 0#;(/ 4.6:#( $=.# 5#-1%#, :51 +*$+3#(54A
51.>-1 21.0#A 713/# 5%13+5(.>01&1 2#'()#: &$ &#1/2 .)* 2 ## % "(&* ; &)# & &#1/2 .)* 2 ## % "(&* ;
&#1/2 .)* 2 ## % "(&* ; &#1/! .)* 2 ## % "(&*
())+# & #- )'% ; &% <...> +( # )1 ,(+ &#1/2 .)* 2 $&)*3* "$% % $&)*&&!; '&"#3#)3 .#&" %'( $ ( $&2 %% )* 2. #- %+'+/, %=$13 9(3-1%014.#%A04-1&1 21 231+481)'(0+@ -0+)01&1 1-10:#0+A 21:5+ 1'01*0#:(0. !#-+/ 1$3#*1/,
1'0# 451310# A*=-1%1&1 46<(45%1%#0+A 123+<+0# – 2+4>/(00#A 3(:>,
% -15131, 0(/#.6@ 31.> +&3#(5 (&1, 5#- 4-#*#5>, 2317(44+10#.>0#A '(A5(.>0145>, 15014A<#A4A - 17+9+#.>01-'(.1%1/6 '+4-6346: 1'0# +* *#2+4(, 123+<+0# – “(3(4/#53+%#. + 4%(3A. $6/#&+” (199).
$3#5+/4A 5(2(3> - /1371.1&+:(4-+/ %#3+#05#/ -/-3 -+/-2. #3+#5+%0145> 9(3-1%014.#%A04-1, + 3644-1, 7.(-4+, 1$46)'#(54A % 3644-+8 &3#//#5+-#8 + % XVIII %(-(, + 0# 2315A)(0++ %4(&1 "I" %(-#.
. . 1/10141% % “144+,4-1, &3#//#5+-(” (1755 &.) 5#- 12+4#. *0#:(0+( ?51&1 2315+%12145#%.(0+A:
i( 3#*.+:+( '3(%0145+ 4.1% + %#)0145+ *0#/(06(/=8 %(<(,, %(4>/# :6%45%+5(.>01 + 21-#*=%#(5 4($A 0( 3('-1 % 1'01/ +/(0+. $1 /= &1%13+/: )3*&
_________________
74
%&"+( . . +4513++ 013/+31%#0+A 3644-1&1 2+4>/(001&1 A*=-# % -109(
"VIII %(-# ( .1%#3> -#'(/++ 144+,4-1,, 1789-1794 &&.) // %&"+( . . *$3#00=(
3#$15= 21 3644-1/6 A*=-6. . 178-180.
75
%&(& . . :(3-+ 21 +4513++ 3644-1&1 .+5(3#56301&1 A*=-# XVIII-"I" %%.
. 202.
“+$-&$ -/(-3! 3!*” . . **'9
87
/1, 2!'*!2!-&* *'; )!'6-&** '-; )!, -9.* /1/, 2!'*!2!-&**
*'/; )!'6-&** '-/. #2315+% 51&1, 4%1,45%(00(( &1%13+54A: ,*#*** /1/:
+,*3'** )* *'/; +.$269 *'*-/; 0()(.+ ,*#*** /1; +,*3'** )* *'76
; +.$269 *'*-.
“644-1, &3#//#5+-( . . 1451-1%# 713/# 0# -/ 6)( 0( 3#44/#53+%#(54A % -105(-45( :+451 45+.+45+:(4-1, 1221*+9++, +$1 23+-3(2.A(54A - 4(/#05+:(4-+/ &3622#/ 46<(45%+5(.>0=8-15%.(:(00=8, 41$+3#5(.>0=8, %(<(45%(00=8. (/ 0( /(0(( “% 64501, 3(:+ 62153($.(0+( ?5+8 713/ $=.1 ;+3( + 4%1$1'0((”.77 . . 3(: 5#-)( 15/(:#(5 5A&15(0+( ?5+8 713/ - 2314513(:+@.78 . . 6.#81%4-+,79 + . . "(30=;(%80 23+%1'A5 1$;+30=( 42+4-+ 23+/(31% 4 7.(-4+(, -/ +* 21?*++ +
231*=, )630#.>01&1 + ?2+451.A301&1 '+4-634# !I! %(-# – 5#-+( 713/=
0( 3(*#.+ 4.68 + /1&.+ 4%+'(5(.>45%1%#5> 1 :#451/ +421.>*1%#0++ 51&1
+.+ +01&1 46<(45%+5(.>01&1. % 41%3(/(001/ 3644-1/ A*=-( 23('45#%.(0= '145#51:01 4.1)0=( 23#%+.# 3#423('(.(0+A '#00=8 /1371.1&+:(4-+8 %#3+#051%.81 #-1%# )( 4+56#9+A % 5(-45( “#2+41- 46/#4;(';(&1”? 15 42+41- 4115%(545%6@<+8 4.1%1713/ 4 /+0+/#.>0=/+
-105(-45#/+: )! 5-.$36 )$ 2$-' )$ )*(!, – -+,*-$'$ -!! 0/).
28 – &&** )!( ),* )! "$!. – *2!)6 +,$9.)*! $#*,"!)$!
' – /!1' $# *(/ – .!,+!.6 )! (*/ '&!%-&** &,/ – +*, 5 /(
),.6-9 – )! #(!.$' (*!* +,$1* – $#-+* *,*. &" ** *( –
)+/-&8. &*+*.$ $ 5(/ – )! !' +* -!./ '!! *,*. )3!* *( – )$&.* !4! )! 5-*-' $# )$1 (*# – )! )3' )$&&** ,*(. –
+,$!#"!. - '/ – !-'$ 5 ()! )! '$ -*/- - ,92$&*( – *'639
2-.6 ),* – )! +* ' )$&&** $ – )! $(!8 &*,*'!-&** &*-.8( – $&&** )! / !. !- (*!(/ *-.*$)-./ – &** 9 )$&* !4! )! 2/-.*' – )!-$.! (!)9 - 7.** -!.. 2+41- %-.@:#(5
*0#:+5(.>06@ :#45> 5#-+8 62153($.(0+,, 21 1501;(0+@ - -1513=/
_________________
76
*(*)*-* . . 144+,4-#A &3#//#5+-#. $., 1755. . 81-82.
$)*, * . . :(3-+ 21 +4513++ 3644-1&1 .+5(3#56301&1 A*=-# XVIII-!I! %%.
. 202. /. 5#-)(: /'1*-&$% . . 644-+, .+5(3#5630=, A*=- 2(3%1, 21.1%+0= !I!
%(-#. . 59-62.
78
$)*, * . . :(3-+ 21 +4513++ 3644-1&1 .+5(3#56301&1 A*=-# XVIII-!I! %%.
. 202.
79
/'1*-&$% . . 644-+, .+5(3#5630=, A*=- 2(3%1, 21.1%+0= !I! %(-#. . 5962.
80
!,)53! . . 3#%+.>0145> + :+4515# 3644-1, 3(:+. 2=5 3644-1, 45+.+45+:(4-1, &3#//#5+-+ // !,)53! . . *$3#00=( 536'=. 1/ 2(3%=,. ., 1970. . 492498.
81
/. 644-#A &3#//#5+-#. 1/ 1. .486-488.
77
88
(6 "$%*
&23425 2 02482/2',;)5.,9 &$4,$16$9 &42() %? , 1) (2/*)1 &56$&$6@ –
&2+02*1$ 62/@.2 8/).5,C -/-8. (1$.2 A62 ($)6 32&2( &)4176@5C .
7.4$,1,+0$0 & C+?.) 2'2/C. 7.4$,15.20 C+?.) 260);$)65C “+1$;,6)/@12 %2/)) <,42.2), ;)0 & 4755.20, ,532/@+2&$1,) 2.21;$1,C 42(,6)/@12'2 3$()*$ )(,156&)112'2 ;,5/$ -0 (/C 57=)56&,6)/@1?9 07*5.2'2 42($...”.82 . . 7/$92&5.,- 260);$)6 34,564$56,) 2'2/C . 8240$0
1$ -0, -7.83 )*(7 6)0, &2 &5C.20 5/7;$) & 6).56) “$3,52. 570$5<)(<)'2”, 1,.$.2'2 34,564$56,C . A6,0 8240$0 7 2'2/C 1) 2%1$47*,&$)65C. "$.6,;)5., 4);@ ,()6 2 ;)6?4)9 73264)%/)1,C9: 10*/ 37 – 0"2(
%$ !+)0 – *,0.'7/ <...> !5)0 – ,-%"$#"/ . (0.
$*(?- ,+ A6,9 5/7;$)& 1$92(,6 &32/1) &1C612) 2%>C51)1,) &1764,
5,56)0? 4755.2'2 C+?.$. 5$020 ()/), 10*/ 37 – .2/,;)56&)112)
+1$;)1,), 5$02 5/2&252;)6$1,) .$. %7(62 ,+&/);)12 ,+ 32&5)(1)&12'2
(,5.745$; 0"2( %$ !+)0 – 32;6, 1$4);1$C 8240$ 5 342564$156&)11?0
+1$;)1,)0 (. . 7/$92&5.,- 260);$)6 ;$56261256@ 8240? !+)0 7 3,5$6)/)- 3)4&?9 ()5C6,/)6,- #I# &).$).84 4, A620 8240$ !+)0 .244)/,47)6 & 6).56) “$3,52. 570$5<)(<)'2” 5 82402- !+) (%$-,+! +-+/
'#!+ + !+), !("" +-+/ *4" + !+)) & 32/120 5226&)656&,, 5 ()-56&7B=)- 1?1) 4).20)1($:,)- 2% ,532/@+2&$1,, 8/).5,, - 34, 1$/,;,, 234)()/)1,C: ./'* 37, 12 ./'* +-83" + 38.85 $/)), *,0.'7/ '+,+/% % !5)0 – 34$&,/@1)) 1) !5)0, $ !5), 2(1$.2 5/2&2 !5)
&./B;)12 & 53,52. 57=)56&,6)/@1?9 5 &)=)56&)11?0 +1$;)1,)0, 26
.2624?9 , & 52&4)0)1120 C+?.) $.6,&12 2%4$+7)65C 5/2&28240$ 42(,6)/@12'2 3$()*$ )(,156&)112'2 ;,5/$ 5 8/).5,)- -0.86 $.21):, ,0))0
3$47 +3"*6 ,-%8/*+" %$+-#"*%" ( – ,-%"$#"/ . (0. . . 7/$92&5.,- 34,&2(,6 34,0)4 ,+ . . 4,%2)(2&$ ( *!+ '+"-3/+ !(8
*5*"4*" + (0), 26125C )'2 . “8$.6$0, 5 6)24)6,;)5.2- 62;., +4)1,C
%2/)) 5&2)2%4$+1?0”.87 "240$ . (0 34)(56$&/)11$C 7 2'2/C, &23)4&?9, 5226&)656&7)6 ;$56207 73264)%/)1,B & #I# &).) “42(,6)/@12'2 1$ -0 325/) 34)(/2'2& %$, +/, . & 2%2426$9, 2+1$;$B=,9 (&,*)1,)
7($/,6)/@12)”,88 ,, &2-&624?9, 5&,()6)/@56&7)6, 1$ 1$< &+'/C(, 1) 62/@.2 2 ;$56261256, 57=)56&,6)/@12'2 ( & C+?.) A62'2 &4)0)1,, 12 , 2
_________________
82
"(+!"! . ., +/+-72 . . !.4$,15.,- C+?.. . 135.
0(2+.'%& . . 755.,- /,6)4$6741?- C+?. 3)4&2- 32/2&,1? #I# &).$. . 59.
84
$0 *). . 60.
85
0. +$"*/(6 . . 4$.6,;)5.$C 56,/,56,.$ 4755.2'2 C+?.$. ., 1974. . 116.
86
$0 *). . 486.
87
0(2+.'%& . . 755.,- /,6)4$6741?- C+?. 3)4&2- 32/2&,1? #I# &).$. . 60.
88
"-*54" . . 4$&,/@1256@ , ;,5626$ 4755.2- 4);,. 3?6 4755.2- 56,/,56,;)5.2- '4$00$6,.,. . 494.
83
“(!*#! *,%*/ / '” . . ''$3
89
4$5342564$1)11256, 62'2 52%>6,B, .26242) 212 1$+>&$)6. $&)4<$B &23425 2% ‘7.4$,15.20 5/)()’ & 73264)%/)1,, 8/).5,, -,/-2 & '2'2/)&5.20
6).56), 234$&($112 34,&)56, 01)1,) . . )/,15.2'2 32 32&2(7 8240>
42(,6)/?12'2 3$()*$ 26 5/2& &'*, /,%, + ), 0%: “….$. 34,42(1>4755.,-, +1$A (2562&)412, ;62 5/2&$ @6, & 4755.20 B+>.) 34,1,0$A6 &
42(,6)/?120 3$()*) 2.21;$1,), 4$&12 , , , ,, $ .2'($ .26242) ,0)112,
1$ @62 1)6 32562B112'2 34$&,/$, 12 @62 5/><,6 792 34,42(12-4755.2'2,
5/><,6 – , 1,.2'($ 1) 2%0$1>&$)65B. 5B.,- 4755.,- 5.$*)6, .$. 7 2'2/B: “2/25, &>/)+<,- ,+ 1257”, , 1, 2(,1 4755.,- 1) 5.$*)6: “2/25,
&>/)+<,- ,+ 125$”. 2;12 6$. *) (2/*12 '2&24,6? (')00 +), $ 1)
(')00 +),”.89 $.,0 2%4$+20, )/,15.,- 1$()/B)6 2'2/B B+>.2&>0 ;76?)0 34,42(12'2 4755.2'2 – @6,0 .$;)56&20, 52%56&)112 '2&24B,
1$()/)1 , 234,=,1.
1 &25342,+&2(,6 67 '4$00$6,.7, .26247A 75&2,/ .$. 12407 ,+ 4$+/,;1>9 4$+12&,(1256)- (,5.745$, , '4$00$6,;)5.,) 1)5226&)656&,B &
52%56&)1120 B+>.) )'2 261A(? 1) 507=$A6 – 5.24)) &5)'2, 21 ,9 1) +$0);$)6. +B6?, 1$34,0)4, 5/2&2 )$/, .26242) & 2(120 5/7;$) 8,'74,47)6 & 6).56) “$3,52.” .$. 57=)56&,6)/?12) 07*5.2'2 42($ ( )$/
+#'"), $ & (47'20 – .$. *)15.2'2 (##,2 0 0 )$/1 ('&3$!).
A4.,+0 )$/, 2;)&,(12, ;$=) ,532/?+2&$/5B .$. 57=)56&,6)/?12)
07*5.2'2 42($,90 2(1$.2 )'2 (&742(2&256? & I &).) 32(6&)4*($)6
. . ")41><)&.91 26()/?1>9 5/7;$B9 02*12 5 256242*1256?A 34)(32/2*,6? ;62 &>%24 &$4,$1612- 8240> B&/B)65B 252+1$11>0 , &>5673$)6 .$. 54)(56&2 9$4$.6)4,+$:,,. $., +$,056&2&$112) & VIII &).) 57=)56&,6)/?12) .28) 57=)56&2&$/2 & 1)5.2/?.,9 &$4,$16$9: #'- (0.4.),
#'- (5.4.), #'- ", , #'-!"; – & @3,562/B4120 (,5.745) )(*,, 56,/,+7A=)0 , 3$42(,47A=)0 ‘($05.,-’ B+>. ‘9242<)'2 2%=)56&$’, 1$92(,0 .$*7=,-5B ,+>5.$11>0 “.28,- 52 5/,&.$0,”. /2*1)) ,16)434)6,42&$6? & 3,5?0) )(*, 82407 ': “ .$.2- 564$<1>- (2'$ 256$1$&/,&$)65B 3)4)( 02,0 2.120!” (203). 7=)56&,6)/?12) ' ,+&)5612 &
4755.20 B+>.) 5 3)4&2- 32/2&,1> I &).$.92 0)B & &,(7 1)0. Dogge
, ;)<5.. doga, 02*12 (70$6? 2 57=)56&2&$&<)- 1).26242) &4)0B
_________________
89
!,6,47)65B 32 ,$.'*#!" . . 755.,- /,6)4$6741>- B+>. 3)4&2- 32/2&,1>
I &).$. . 61.
90
0. 1)5.2/?.2 34,0)42& &: !&')' . . # // !&')' . . 5624,B 5/2&. ., 1994. . 760.
91
)&0/ . . 4$&,/?1256? , ;,5626$ 4755.2- 4);,. 3>6 4755.2- 56,/,56,;)5.2- '4$00$6,.,. . 523.
92
)&0. . . 5624,.2-@6,02/2',;)5.,- 5/2&$4? 4755.2'2 B+>.$. 20 1. .,
1993. . 258.
90
$1 !&
%#3+#050145+ '/' %0( -#-+8-.+$1 45+.+45+:(4-+8 155(0-1%. 1 )(,
1:(%+'01, 15014+54B + - %#3+#05#/ 2('$+/2('$+. “#2+4-#8” 23('45#%.(0# 2('$+: “6 /(0B 0# 23#%1/ 2.(:( @21.(5# + 0# .(%1/ 2.(:(
@21.(5#” (206); 6 . . "(30>;(%# '#0> $(* -1//(05#3+(% 1$( 713/>,93
10+ )( 23('45#%.(0> % .1%#3( . . )(&1%#, % #.1/ #-#'(/+:(4-1/ 4.1%#3( (-2) 713/# /6)4-1&1 31'# 0#*%#0# 645#3(.1,.
“#2+4-#8 46/#4;(';(&1” 4+45(/#5+:(4-+ +421.?*6A54B '((23+:#450>( 1$1315>, :51 4#/1 21 4($( 21'5%(3)'#(5 645#01%-6 0# 2+4?/(006A 3(:?. #/+ )( '((23+:#450>( 713/> (12B5?-5#-+ % 214.('1%#5(.?0145+ 21B%.(0+B) 5#-1%>: ,*$0//! – & ,*(/! – ,*$0/ – */! – ,!/! - ()!//! ('&3/! &'#, – ()/! – *('%&!/! – &*/! - &/! – ,!/! – ,*$0//!. @51, 9(21:-( 23('45#%.(0# .+;? 1'0# 713/# $(* 4677+-4# -/!, 51 (45? /1)01 &1%13+5?
1 51/, :51 % B*>-1%1/ 41*0#0++ 46$=(-5# 3(:+ %>$13 '((23+:#4501,
713/> 21:5+ $(*#.?5(30#5+%(0, -#- + % 4.6:#( 4 3#44/153(00>/+ %>;(
/1371.1&+:(4-+/+ %#3+#05#/+ 5%13+5(.?01&1 2#'()# ('+045%(001&1
:+4.#. '0#-1 @515 $(*#.?5(30#5+%0>, %>$13 % 51:0145+ 2315+%121.1)(0 2(3%1/6, +$1, -#- 15/(:#(5 . . 6.#81%4-+,, “6)( &3#//#5+-+
3(:# + 1451-1%# 8#3#-5(3+*1%#.+ 1-10:#0+( -/! -#- 21 23(+/6<(45%6 2314513(:01(.94 3#%'#, 713/> 0# -/! 231'1.)#.+ +/(5? '145#51:01 #-5+%01( 81)'(0+( % .+5(3#56301/ '+4-634( !I! %(-#,95 1'0#-1
5(0'(09+B *'(4? 41%(3;(001 1'01*0#:0# – 9(3-1%014.#%B04-+, + 3644-+, 21 231+481)'(0+A '((23+:#450>( 4677+-4>, -10-63+36B /()'6
41$1,, % -10(:01/ 4:(5( 45#.+ -10015#513#/+ 45+.+45+:(4-+8 4/>4.1%
013/# – 2314513(:+(.96
#'1 4-#*#5?, :51 % B*>-( 123+<+0# 153#)#A54B + 5#-+( 4.6:#+,
-1&'# *# /1371.1&+:(4-+/ %#3+#051/ 6)( '145#51:01 231:01 *#-3(2.(01 45+.+45+:(4-1( *0#:(0+(. #-, % “#2+4-#8 46/#4;(';(&1” 0#81'+/
'%#)'>: &/" )+1! .!&'&!#', ! &/" )+1! .!&'&!#'.
'(4?, -10(:01, $(&.#B 7.(-4+B %>$3#0# 41%(3;(001 41*0#5(.?01, 10#
_________________
93
)&0/ . . 644-+, .+5(3#5630>, B*>- 2(3%1, 21.1%+0> !I! %(-#. . 525.
,$-'*#!" . . 644-+, .+5(3#5630>, B*>- 2(3%1, 21.1%+0> !I! %(-#. . 132.
95
/. 1$ @51/ !&')' . . :(3-+ 21 +4513++ 3644-1&1 .+5(3#56301&1 B*>-#
XVIII-!I! %%. . 373.
96
3. -#5(&13+:(4-1( %>4-#*>%#0+( 1 '+453+$69++ '((23+:#450>8 4677+-41% %
41%3(/(001/ 3644-1/ B*>-(: “((23+:#45+B % 41%3(/(001/ 3644-1/ B*>-( 21 45+.+45+:(4-1, 1-3#4-( 3#42#'#A54B 0# '%( '+#/(53#.?01 2315+%121.1)0>( &3622>: -0+)0>( 713/> 4 4677+-4#/+ -, -3: 0/, &3, *# + 3#*&1%1301-2314513(:0>( 4 4677+-4#/+ -/!, -/!: *# /!, ()!//!” ('$, . . 5+.+45+-# 3644-1&1 B*>-#. .,
1997. . 325-326).
94
“%' ')"'--$” . . $$!0
91
67%23'-76D /32237%73531 9%1-0AD52367- - 62-6:3)-7*0A23(3 430845*,5-7*0A23(3 3723=*2-D. 6 )58(3. 673532@, 8+* 3>8>%D 6*&D -64%26/-1 /3530*1, 345->-2 60*)8C>-1 3&5%,31 3&?D62D*76D 6 (*2*5%0A6/3. )3</3.: “$ 6/%,%0 730A/3, <73 6<%67-* *E 3+-)%*7 7%/3*, /%/3(3
32% - '33&5%,-7A 2* 13+*7, - <73, 2*61375D 2% /3,2- 2*45-D7*0*., 1@
&8)*1 '1*67*” (209). *5*)8;-53'%22%D 90*/6-D ' 68>*67'-7*0A231
','( -1**7 67-0-67-<*6/3* ,2%<*2-* '3,'@=*22367-, <73 2%:3)-76D
' 430231 6337'*767'-- 6 867%23'/3. (3'35-7A “3 '@63/-: 45*)1*7%:
'@63/-1- 603'%1-”.
#%67A '%5-%272@: 90*/6-. 13+23 634367%'-7A -1*223 6 45%'-0%1-,
/3735@* ' (5%11%7-/%: B73(3 '5*1*2- 935180-58C76D ' 7*51-2%: “37'*5(%*76D”, “2* 5*/31*2)8*76D” - 43). (7%/%D =/%0%, )3&%'-1, -6430A,8*76D - ' 34-6%2-D: 2351 63'5*1*223(3 D,@/%). 32*<23, - ,)*6A )*.67'8*7 9%/735 '5*1*2- - %/78%0A2%D )0D /32/5*723(3 '5*1*2- 2351%,
9-/6-58C>%D -,1*2*2-D, 453-6:3)D>-* ' )-6/856*. 8+* 45-'*)*22@1 13+23 )3&%'-7A 7%/-* 9351@, /%/ %$%&! $!$' (B78 93518 /%/
2351%7-'28C )0D "I" '*/% 8/%,@'%*7 . . #*52@=*'),97 )$! ) (737
+* #*52@=*' 6<-7%*7 B78 93518 9%/7-<*6/- 5%'2345%'23. 6 93513. )$! ).98 %1- 935180-53'/- (5%11%7-<*6/-: 5*/31*2)%;-. 13(87 (3'35-7A 3& 84375*&-7*0A2367- 73. -0- -23. 603'39351@. “%4-6/%:
681%6=*)=*(3” <-7%*1: “'32 - 5866/-* -,&@ '-)2*C7. 31 0- 73 13.
6-2**7 ')%0-?”(214). . . -23(5%)3' 66@0%*76D 2% “ 45%'3<23* 1*673
5866/3(3 603'%” 1839 (3)% (“2*<73 '53)* 6&352-/% :3)D<-: 67-0-67-<*6/-: 3=-&3/”),99 ' /373531 431*>*23 ' <%672367-, 7%/3* 5%,?D62*2-*: “!(/, !(/'0. !(/ ,2%<-7: 1%03-431%08 67%23'-7A6D &*0@1, 2%45-1*5: +$!'( $( &"# !(. !(/'0 ,2%<-7: /%,%7A6D
&*0@1, 2%45-1*5: # -# !('0 *!. #%673 84375*&0DC7 3)23
603'3 '1*673 )58(3(3”.100 1*223 B73 “3)23 603'3 '1*673 )58(3(3” 1@
- -1**1 8 3(30D. . . 80%:3'6/-. /'%0-9-;-58*7 61*=*2-* ,%03(3'@: 9351 7-4% #(/ – #(/'0 “/%/ '30A2367- -0- 43(5*=2367- '
3723=*2-- - 6'3*(3 '5*1*2-”.101
32*<23, '5*1D 4*5*67%'0D*7 %/;*27@, - 2%=* 6*(3)2D=2** '3645-D7-* 7*/67% - 3&>*2-* 6 2-1 370-<%*76D - 37 '3645-D7-D 63'5*1*22-_________________
97
&#.- . . 866/-. 0-7*5%7852@. D,@/ 4*5'3. 4303'-2@ "I" '*/%. . 504.
!%1 +*. . 501.
99
#$&$ . . <*5/- 43 -6735-- 5866/3(3 0-7*5%78523(3 D,@/% XVIII-"I" ''.
. 342.
100
!%1 +*. . 343.
101
)!+$' . . 866/-. 0-7*5%7852@. D,@/ 4*5'3. 4303'-2@ "I" '*/%. .
121.
98
92
"/ #
)-! ' -1 !-0./'=1'= *<#$( .-&#,$(7$"- !/$+$,'. #$0: !-&,')$1 3)1-/ #/$01 ! $"- .-)-*$,6$0)-+ 0.$)1$. /$1$1 -0- -$ &,6$,'$
',= ,-/+, )-1-/2< ',-"# 3-/+2*'/2<1 0*$#2<8'+ - /&-+: “1./!'*:,-, ,- 1) ,$ "-!-/=1”.102 1 ,-/+ ,$ /$"*+$,1'/-!, 0.$5'*:,9+' ./!'*+', -, 028$01!2$1 !- !/$+$,' 0/$#,$( #*'1$*:,-01' *"-#/= !-0./-'&!$#$,'< ! #'0)2/0$, 61- 9 &1$+ 0+$,'1:0=
',-( – ,$ =&9)-!-(, '+$,,- ‘#'0)2/0,-(’ ,-/+-(. 0+-+ #$*$, .$/!= %$ 3/& 0)%$1 ,+ - 1-+, 61- .$/$# ,+' 1$)01 I !$): $#2-#$ #2 '"),"$'/ #$.!#$##$ %&!"1,#. +$01- '$#2-#$ #2 +9 0)%$+ '$#2. -%,- ,&!1: ' #/2"'$ +/)$/9 !/$+$,' ‘#'0)2/0,-(’ ,-/+9 I !$) – 2.-1/$ *$,'$ ,/$6'= ($ !+$01(! ' ' ,' !+$01- ($(,' '*' '&): ,(" 1-%$ (+ $
)+ !$&$+, !$($&. %&-" "!) '%&$'" ' *)#( ,1 <...> 0$(60 )#" 3: 0($ ." !&( #-$ &!($& <...> ,$#! ." ")%! 0$(60 )#", ,($ ")%!.
1), - /1'!7'0: ) "/++1')$, +9 +-"*' 2 $#'1:0= ! 1-+, 61=&9)-!= *'6,-01: -./'8',, 61- ,&9!$10=, /0./-01$/1 +$%#2
.'0:+$,,9+ ' 201,9+ #'0)2/0+'. -%,- *', ./'+$,'1$*:,- ) #,,-+2 2/-!,<, !9#$*'1: 1)'$ =!*$,'=, )-1-/9$ 0*$#2$1 -1,$01' ,$ ) -./'8',2, ) !1-/2? /'!$#$+ #! ./'+$/, #- !'! ) +-/3-*-"'6$0)'+ !/',1+ 0*-!-- /&-!1$*:,9$ 3-/+,19. -#,-+ '& .'0$+
$#%' ,4-#'+ 0*$#2<8'( 3/"+$,1:
,-( %&*=.-!19( $#,=" "*2. 01/7,-, , *'5$ ,.'0, "*2.-01:, ./$!%,- '#$1 .- 2*'5$ ' !-- /%$1, 61- -, %&&,1,= -0- <...> ))-( 01/7,9(
#-" -01,!*'!$10= .$/$# +-'+ -),-+! 0*' 9 -, 01* , &#,'$ *.9, 6$"&)2# !$/,- ,$ 2+$$1 <...> 1-1 $"#, #-*%,- 91: ,"*$5 %&2%0,9(
(203).
-*:5$!-( .-!1-/ ./'01!)' %&- !)2.$ 0 .-!1-/-+ ! 0*-!4 ‘ -*!#’ – ‘"/2 '2#’ – ;1- 6$/19 01'4-1!-/,-( 1$4,')', )) 9 ,*-%$,,9$
, ./-&'6$0)-$ !90)&9!,'$. /2"-( -1/9!-) – '& &.'0' -./'8', - 1-+, 61- -, ,#$$10= 2!'#$1:, ./-,'),2! ! 2#2/ -3':
)) 1+ 01-=1 !0$ ;1' ,-,!', 0)*=,-,!' <...> -0+-1/$1: 9 12 0)+$$6!2, ,
)-1-/2< -, 01,-!'1 !01!= 0 .-01$*' 0!-< ,-%!2, )) ,#$!$10= , ;12 ,-%!2 $*9( )) 0,$" 62*-,!... (199-200).
,-"-)/1,9( .-!1-/ 0233')0 '+$$1 0*$#01!'$+ )12*'&5'<
2+$,:7'1$*:,--*0)1$*:,-"- &,6$,'= ' #*:,$(7'( +$1-,'+'6$0)'( .$/$,-0 – 0 -.'0,'= -1#$*:,94 !$8$( , .$/$#62 -1,-7$,'= )
'4 !*#$*'5$. “, 0)!-&'1 ! 42#-%$01!$,,-+ ./-'&!$#$,'' !0$"#, –
_________________
102
1/$4 1'.4 ,-/+9 0+. $"## . . 1'*'01') 3/,52&0)-"- =&9). ., 1978.
“#2+4-+ 46/#4;(';(&1” . . 1&1.A
93
2+4#. . . +01&3#'1% % 1927 &1'6. 5-#0+ 4.1%, % 23+(/#8 +*1$3#)(0+A 1<6<#(54A (&1 .+-”.103 1?5+:(4-#A 5(80+-# % “#2+4-#8” – 1'+0 +*
.+-1% 1$3#*# #%513#.
4513106 /()'1/(5+,
4.1%#3( 123+<+0# 141$#A 31.> 23+0#'.()+5 /()'1/(5+A/. ()'1/(5+A 0( +/(@5 01/+0#5+%01&1 *0#:(0+A + 4.6)#5 “'.A 0(3#4:.(0(001&1 %=3#)(0+A :6%45%, 1<6<(0+,, '6;(%0=8 41451A0+, + '36&+8 (:#451
0(231+*%1.>0=8) ?/19+10#.>0=8 + ?/19+10#.>01-%1.(%=8 3(#-9+, 0#
1-36)#@<6@ '(,45%+5(.>0145>”.104 ()'1/(5+A '(.A54A 0# 2(3%11$3#*0=( + 0(2(3%11$3#*0=(, 51 (45> 4%A*#00=( 4 3#*0=/+ :#45A/+ 3(:+, # 5#-)( A%.A@<+(4A 6451,:+%=/+ 4.1%141:(5#0+A/+ (5+2# :(35
21$(3+). “#2+4-+ 46/#4;(';(&1” – ?51 1:(0> 0($1.>;1, 5(-45, + :+4.1 /()'1/(5+, + +8 /01&1-3#50=8 62153($.(0+, % 0(/ A%01 23(%=;(01 21 1501;(0+@ - 0(-1, 231515+2+:(4-1, 013/(. (3%11$3#*0=( +
0(2(3%11$3#*0=( /()'1/(5+A 23('45#%.A@5 +05(3(4 21 3#*0=/ 23+:+0#/. #:0(/ 4 2(3%11$3#*0=8 /()'1/(5+,. 15 +8 42+41- 4 0(1$81'+/=/+ /+0+/#.>0=/+ -105(-45#/+: ", -#- 6%+'(. (&1, 515:#4 4-#*#.
4($(: "&(! 0(5, &1.6$:+-, 5= 0( % '(2#35#/(05 +'(;>…; !51 *# :(35!
A 6%+'(., :51 (')+ 1$0@8+%#.#4> 4 41$#:10-1@, ;(';(@ *# '#/#/+.
“"&(! – 4-#*#. A 4#/ 4($(, – '# 21.01, 0( 2>A0 .+ A?; – A $=.#, #%! #%! A
$=.#, #%, #%, #%! 1:(0> $1.>0#”. 8 5= ), 41$#:10-#!; 214/153(5> %
.+91 (/6: 76, -#-#A %#)0145> 4+A(5 % &.#*#8!; 4.+ $= + '1:-#... ?8,
-#0#.>45%1!; 2.#5>( 0# 0(, $=.1 $(.1(, -#- .($('>: 76, -#-1( 2=;01(!;
“#2# *'(4> 0( $=.1?” ,, #,, #,! -#-1, &1.14!; " %421/0+. 1 51,... ?8,
-#0#.>45%1!; 21:+0+. '%#'9#5> 53+ 2(3# + '.A (B, #,! #,!.. 23(%1481'+5(.>45%# :(5=3( 2(3#; 0 1:(0> .@$+5, :51$= 451A.1 21$1.>;( 2(3>(%; ! '1.)(0 $=5> &1.1%#; 15(.14> $= /0( *#&.A065> % &145+06@,
-6'# %+'+;> 51.>-1 +01&'# 15%13(006@ '%(3>, *# &145+01@ (<( % 1'06
-1/0#56. "8, -#-1( $1&#545%1; 14/153(5> $= 56 4-#/((:-6 <...> #,!
#,! #,! 0+:(&1, 0+:(&1... /1.:#0+(; " 6%+'#., 1'0#-1 )(, % 6&.6 (B .6-1;-1. ", %15 ?51&1 /0( + 06)01!; /! =4.> 21:(32065# +* 1'01&1 41:+0(0+A, 2(3(%('(001&1 4 0(/(9-1&1; “1A $#3=;0A, -15136@ 2#2# 0#*=%#(5 17+, .@$+5 /(0A $(* 2#/A5+”. ,, #,! 0+:(&1, 0+:(&1. 1.:#0+(!; 8, ma chère, A '1.)0# 5($( 4-#*#5>...; " 6)( 5($( -1(-:51
_________________
103
* 2+4>/# - . . #.=;(%1,. !+5. 21: !6'#-1% . . . . +01&3#'1% + 5(13+A 86'1)(45%(001, 3(:+ 0#:#.#
%(-# // +01&3#'1% . . *$3#00=( 536'=. A*=-( 86'1)(45%(001, 231*=. . 311.
104
644-#A &3#//#5+-#. 1/ 1. . 733.
94
-=%" '$)*/"
%0$02*-" 0 %-"$/0. %0310&*/', ,04020%0 06* /")<$"'4 1"1". !40
09'/= 342"//<+ 9'-0$',; ! $04 /",0/'8!; -! !4" 30#"90/," 5(
3-*:,0.... 940#< 'A /' $<3',-*. ! 4", 0/ 9'340-?#'8!; ! 5, 103.042*., 940 06*. 6, ,"/"-=34$0!; 40-40 &-*//0$"40! -! 9*3-" /'
$<34"$-'/0; “6, .*-"@! ", 0;54*4'-=/0 12*#-*('/*' $'3/<! <...>
6, '3-* #< 4< )/"-", ,",*' .'(&5 /*.* '34= 520&< <...> !6, /'4...
<...> 6, ma chère, ,","@ 5 /'%0 .02&09,"!; =65, , 9'245!” ; “6, '&(*, '&(*, '3-* # 4< )/"-"... <...> A6, ma chère, 0 ,",0. $)&02' 0/*
%0$02*-*! <...> , ,","@ 2")/*8"!; 6, ma chère, '3-* #< 4< )/"-", ,",0+ >40 520&; 940 3,"('4 * 3". 1"1", &*2',402 /":? , >40 #0-=:0+
9'340-?#'8!; , >4" #'34*@ 0-*/=@,!
!+ #)%)-, # 1!20/1@'&.)) /01):).! &%#! ,) .& #2@ 0!,)31! 0&1#//"1!(.<6 -&'%/-&3)*: ", "+, "7; >, >%', >7; 5, 65, 4=65; 0: %.. 1/*./* 0/#3/1 2)$.!,)()14&3 /" ).3&.2)#./23) >-/7)): +, "+, "+! ",0+
%0-03!; 34 '& 1/,= #<0/,.@&3 ).3&10/()3)#./& -&23/)-&.)&, 0/-&:&../& .&0/21&%23#&../ 0&1&% .!(#!.)&- #<(<#!?:&$/ >-/7)? /";&+3!:
&-@ 'A, "+! "+!.. 12'$0370&*4'-=34$". &'%/-&3)@ 0/(#/,@?3 0&1&%!3=
-./'&23#/ 1!(.<6, 0/%8!2 01/3)#/1&8)#<6 >-/7)*, +/3/1<& /6#!3<#!?3 /01):).! # 2#@() 2 1!(.<-) 2/"<3)@-), #/20/-).!.)@-) ) 1!(-<9,&.)@-). %&2= .&/"6/%)-/ #20/-.)3=, 83/ -&'%/-&3)@ ",)(+) +
(#4+/0/%1!'!.)@-, ) >3! ",)(/23= /8&.= 3/.+/ )20/,=(4&32@ !#3/1/- #
2,&%4?:&- 01)-&1&: – @ #<-", "$! "$! @ #<-", "$, "$, "$! 09'/= #0-=/".
7, 4< (, 30#"90/,"! /"!8=& "$ +!+ "< 0&1&6/%)3 # 8&,/#&8&2+/& "7,
3/ &23=, &2,) -/'./ 3!+ #<1!()3=2@, 2/"!8)* @(<+ %&9)514&32@ 8&1&(
8&,/#&8&2+)*. /+!(!3&,=./, 83/ -&23/)-&.)& "7 3!+'& )20/,=(4&3 +!+
/01):)., 3!+ ) 2/"!8+! &%'). >3/* 2#@() -/'./ #20/-.)3= ) /%.4 )( 3&/1)* 01/)26/'%&.)@ @(<+! – )( .&01/)(#/,=.<6 #<+1)+/#, 0&1&%!?:)6 #/,&#<& ) >-/7)/.!,=.<& 1&!+7)). 2& >3/ )-&&3 .&0/21&%23#&../& /3./9&.)& + 3/-4, +!+ 2//3./2@32@ # 2/(.!.)) /01):).! /.
2!- – ) $/#/1@:)& ) 0)94:)& 2/"!8+).
&( 2/-.&.)@, 01) /":&* 2&-!.3)+& 0&1#//"1!(.<6 -&'%/-&3)*
/%.) )( .)6 ‘"/,&& -./$/(.!8.<’, 8&- %14$)&. ! >3/ 4+!(!, . . )./$1!%/#: “& 0/%,&')3 2/-.&.)?, 83/ $,!2.<& 5/.&-< 1422+/$/ @(<+! # 1!(./* 23&0&.) 20/2/".< #<1!'!3= >-/7))”.105 %!,=9& . . )./$1!%/# /8&.= 01/.)7!3&,=./ /0)2<#!&3 1!(,)8)@ -&'%4 0&1#//"1!(.<-) -&'%/-&3)@-). 3-&3)#, 83/ “.!)"/,&& /%.//"1!(.! >-/7)/.!,=.!@ /+1!2+! (#4+/# 5 ) *”, . . )./$1!%/# 2,&%4?:)- /"1!(//0)2<#!&3 2&-!.3)+4 -&'%/-&3)@ 5: “&'%/-&3)& 5 #<1!'!&3 1&(+)&
!55&+3)#.<& 2/23/@.)@ #/23/1$!, #/26):&.)@, +1!*.&$/ )(4-,&.)@ )
_________________
105
*/0%2"&0$ . . 422+)* @(<+ ($1!--!3)8&2+/& 48&.)& / 2,/#&) ., 1972. . 590.
“-&/(& /1*/6#"6#!,” . . ,!,):
95
5("3", 42'1'4"”.106 ,0%&" 012*;*/ )"1*3<$"'4 ! ",)$#+ 708 !,), , 0/, /"&0 10-"%"4=, ,", 2") * 1'2'&"'4 12*35434$5?;*' $ /'.
0&/0$2'.'//0 >.08**, $<)<$"'.<' #!, -.# ,/3,"&0#)8/0 ,*. 037*;'/*' 04/03*43@, ,0/'9/0, , .'/4"-=/<. 31030#/034@. &*2',402" &'1"24".'/4", /0 &-@ 9*4"4'-@ * )&'3= 04,2<$"'43@ “-")'+,"”,107 '3-* $0310-=)0$"4=3@ 4'2.*/0. . . "74*/". 3".0. &'-', $037*;'/*' 5.34$'//<.* 31030#/034@.* &*2',402" 3-'&5'4 /'1032'&34$'//0 )" 300#;'/*'. 0 40., 940 012*;*/ “109*/*- &-@ /'%0 &$"&8"4= 9'4<2' 1'2"”
* &*2',402 -?#*4, “940#< 340@-0 10#0-=:' 1'2='$”. 0/@4/0, 940 4","@ "2%5.'/4"8*@ &')"$5*25'4 40 12'&34"$-'/*' 0# 5.' &*2',402", ,04020' *.''43@ 5 012*;*/". ,0%&" 10)&/'' 012*;*/ $</03*4 3$0'.5 /"9"-=/*,5 12*%0$02 ((,' ,+ "&.#(0,.! + -.,(, +# "&.#(0,.. .,( ,7(+, #++:, -.,/0: -.,(, ,)86# +&5#!,. ,0 (,0,.19 %(1-,.& 90 107)(, 0, % "&.#(0,.! – 32. 0#;'@)<,0$0' !)1-,
(( -.,(), >40 0)/"9"'4, 940 $.'34' 3 ‘"//*%*-@8*'+’ &*2',402" 120*370&*4 03$0#0(&'/*' 012*;*/" 04 3,0$<$"$:*7 '%0 >.08*+, $ 40.
9*3-' “5("3" * 42'1'4"”.
>40. 3$'4' */4'2'3/0 103.042'4= /" .'(&0.'4*' 21, #0-'' *-*
.'/'' 0&/0)/"9/0 *310-=)5'.0' &-@ $<2"('/*@ 04$2";'/*@, “12')2'/*@, /'5&0$0-=34$*@”.108 '-0 $ 40., 940 51042'#-'/*' >40%0 .'340*.'/*@ $ “"1*3,"7 35."3:'&:'%0”, $00#;' %0$02@, 1204*$02'9*4 '%0 )/"9'/*?. 0&/0. 3-59"' 2'9= *&'4 01@4=-4",* 0 &*2',402' &'1"24".'/4",
0 '%0 “59'/034*”: -,/*,0.#08 )&4, #*1: 21, ((: $+,/08 /&:#0
!)%3! 4020+ 12*.'2 ';' #0-'' 10,")"4'-'/, *#0 3$@)"/ 3 06*:
-)08# + +#' 7), #),#, (( )##"8: 21, ((,# -76+,#! (( !):+1):
/,)+4#, #' ,!1 /,)+4#! 0#0*7 12*.'2"7 @$/<. 0#2")0. $<2"("'43@
10)*4*$/"@ >.08*@ * 10)*4*$/"@ 08'/," (-',3*9'3,* $<2"("'43@
)/"9'/*' 3$'4", 3*@/*@). 40 (' 40%&", 21 – >40 /'409/034=, /'12"$*-=/<+ $<#02 .'(&0.'4*@? &/",0 .< 5(' %0$02*-*, 940 "$402 /"&'-@'4
_________________
106
". ('.
2. “3-0$0 3 -")'+,0+” $ 10/*."/** . . "74*/": “")'+," – >40 034"$-'/*'
)" 30#0+ $0).0(/034* *).'/*4= 103-'&/*+, 0,0/9"4'-=/<+ 3.<3- 3$0'%0 3-0$". 3-*
3-0$0 034"$-@'4 4",5? -")'+,5, 40 >40 /'*)#'(/0 &0-(/0 042")*4=3@ /" '%0 3425,452'.
!404 $0).0(/<+ */0+ 3.<3-, 40 '34= 034"$-'//"@ -")'+,", ,", 4'/=, 30120$0(&"'4
3-0$0. 0 3$0'.5 3.<3-5 3-0$0 3 -")'+,0+ &0-(/0 #<4= 103-'&/*. 3-0$0. * $<&"'4
3'#@ )" 4",0', /0 /" 3".0. &'-' 0/0 @$-@'43@ -*:= 12'&103-'&/*. 3-0$0. * 34"$*4
103-' 3'#@ -*:= 53-0$/5?, /' 0,0/9"4'-=/5? 409,5” (30&+ .. 20#-'.< 10>4*,*
0340'$3,0%0. . 313)
108
", 012'&'-@'43@ )/"9'/*' .'(&0.'4*@ 21 $ -0$"2e ,"&'.** 033*+3,0+
1789-1794. . 6. . 496.
107
96
+:# %"'(-
!* !" & /++ ($#,. !#,, (# 43 !# !, “"#(" !"#”: ,
" “ !” /#"/ #) !* #, !#!$, %. #, ) #"# #/
', "// " 43, #!$#"/ "(" $!, !"# -# ' + !"+# ".# .
!!+& "+ #!" ++# !" ! #"#$ #, "!*& " .# 7%02. / (!# ("#) "'#!!+, - !+&, ! ("# #"# (
“ !” ‘ #"("/’); -#!+&, #"/#"/ ,)"# "$( “$ !$” – !$ (,
++.*& $ !* !! #$. !'.; -##
! #(" ( "/ " ( !#! !## %)
.(.#"/ 1.! 7*( – 1.! 7.-*(. . /.#"/ !+ &!#!"# ( .( ‘(!#"&’ # &
!(,. !.: 9 (-.) 0 ' ,%2 %8:1= * * 3#.0%+9), $%+. /.$7 1 2 * 1/32 %8:, 72. 1 , "# -% 0 '!%0%2 (" “(, #/”);
0.1(, 5.2: 20%1-(, 5.2: !3$: " 0 '-3&$%, – -% "9$ 12, 1%$.) (!# (
(); 2. ;2. ' "#/ - 8 !0 2 7(-."-(*!; 2. ' (!#! = 3"($%+, 72. %$&( .!-<5(" + 1: 1 1.! 7.-*.<, 8%$8%< ' $ , ,(;
“ 8% /0%".15.$(2%+:12"., – 5.2%+ = !9+. 1* ' 2:, – -% /0(* &(2%
* '-(2:, %1+( 3&% 5.2(2% * '-(2:, 2. * '-(2% " 8%< #%-%0 +:1*.<
037*.<”. , (!# ".':,(, * *-2. ='9* -% /.".0.2(+1=, ( = 1* ' +
2.+:*.: “(* * -%2-1”; 2%0/%2: -% ,.#3 + *%)1*.#. *03# <…> .$(0 ' .$- (' ;2(5 "# "'$3, + ,%-=, -% "12 " = 1 ,%12 , /.27%" 2:
2 ! 7*.,; !# ".':,(, 72. 3 -%#. +(6. /.5.&% -%1*.+:*. /2%* 01*() /3'90%*, $ - #.+."% *+.7.* ".+.1, ' "(29) 5.5.+*.,, $
$%0&(2 %% *"%053, $ /0(, '9" %2 %% * *.<-2. 0.'%2*.<, 2 * 3&%
$3, %2, 72. %,3 2.+:*. .$-.,3 "1% ,.&-.; %+(* " &-.12: - $".0-9) 1."%2-(*! "9"%1(+ '.+.23< 6%/.7*3 * 7 1 ,, ' * '9" %2 1 /.#( /.
20($6 2( 03!+%) – $ (!# %#. /.!%0(!; $3, + -%1*.+:*. 0 ' ' "%12(
0 '#.".0 1 %#. /0%".15.$(2%+:12".,, 2.+:*., (!# ".':,(, -(* * -%
1+38 %21= ='9*: 1* &%8: 2.+:*., 5.+.$-. (+( 2%/+. - $".0%, !.+:8% 0%8(2%+:-. -(7%#. -% "9#.".0(8:; !# '- %2 72. 2 *.%! *.)
"'$.0! * !3$2. !9 -% !9+. /0%$,%2 /.+378%, . 7%, /(1 2: ( ", ); :43, (!#$!.. * = $0=-:!.. * * ,.&-. - /.+-=2:
/(1:, ;$ *(,( #+3/.12=,(; !# ".':,(! = -% ,.#3 !.+%% 7(2 2:;
)$%8: 1%!% !%$-.% !.# 212"., $3, %8: $.12 2: %#. 03*.<, – 109" %2 3 2%!= * ,%0-<-*%0 (+( #%-%0 +. !# /.!%0(!; )$%8: 1%!% !%$-.% !.# 212"., $3, %8: $.12 2: %#. 03*.<, – 109" %2 3 2%!= * ,%0<-*%0 (+( #%-%0 +. !# /.!%0(!; $%/ 02 ,%-2 -% 5.$(+... !# 1
-(,! %2, /0(=2%+(, 2%/%0: -% ' , -(2: ,%-=; = -% 12 -3 /%0%/(19" 2: # $*(5 !3, # " 8(5!
“,%.'% .0).4"!4" +” . . + +(8
97
/'!$#$,,9$ ./'+$/9 ,01-*:)- !9/&'1$*:,9, 61-, ! 028,-01',
,$ 1/$ 2<1 #-.-*,'1$*:,94 )-++$,1/'$!. 1- )0$10= +$%#-+$1'(
./-1'!-.-*-%,-( "/2..9 ' 0!=&,,94 0 ,'+' *$)0$+, &#$0: )/1',
-*$$ 0*-%,=, ,- - 8= ,./!*$,,-01: 1)%$ ./-0*$%'!$10= !.-*,$
-16$1*'!-. .$/!-( %$ &.'0' -./'8', !01/$6$+ 0*$#2<8$$ &+$6,'$ .- .-!-#2 )&,6$=: “1- 9 -, !9#* )-"#-,' 2#: !.$/$# & +$0=5 #$,:"' – +.,+!% +#" )+&, # 0)-/$$ c1/7,9( 02# ./'#$1” (193).
#$0: #$10= 4/)1$/'01') 6',-!,'), ,- !+$01$ 0 1$+ ;+-5'= 0!=&, 0 0+'+ -./'8',9+, 0 $"- +1$/'*:,-( ,2%#-( ' %$*,'$+ .-*26'1: %*-!,:$. , )-,$6,-, ,$ 0*26(,- – .-0)-*:)2 /$6: '#$1 )&,6$$ – 2.-+',,'$ 1/7,-"- 02#. - “!$*')-"- .$/$*-+” “,$$0,-$” – ;1- ./$%#$ !0$"- -3' ' 1- 62!01!-, )-1-/-$ '0.919!$1 )
,$( -./'8',: ' $ (8*0( +* *,-+ % *("+, '' )"(6'*0(
.+%)% -+8)% % ($)%... -0.-#', -%$ +-(! ,-+,( 8, ,-+,( .+."); !=1'1$*', '' +* 5( +!"/!; !=19$, ''+& ,(/+'!; +/"(+.6
5 $ (8*0/6 .,(6*7… /)-/+, 8 !0)7, 30!"., /)-/+ 8 !0)7,
/(, ''+ + % * ,$ $04 *"/. 1- !'#$,'$ .-#!$/"$10= 0,'%$,'< !
/$.*')$ 0- 6)' $#%': “0! #, – ,+!0)( 8 .) ."", – ".(%
.-*%/6 ')"--7*'"- . -"$+-+)!”. $ -! '8 -$*%2! “&",,'$
'& /=” 0-./-!-%#$10= .$/$+$8$,'$+ %$,8',9-'0)20'1$*:,'59 !
+'/ #:=!-* ' ' “-1.#$,'$+” -1 -" !+$01$ 0- !0$+ 6',-!,'6:'+ +'/-+:
$,8', !*< *$, ! 3"-/. , ,$ 721= <…> -, *< '1 1-*:)- -#,-"- 3"-/
<…> 9 #2+$1$, 61- -, "*=#'1 , ;1-"- 1-*01=) 0- &!$&#-<? -!0$+ ,$1, -,
"*=#'1 , 3"-/, 61- 2 ,$"- 01-'1 & 0.',-<. -, -, 0./=1*0= ) ,$+2 !- 3/).
-, -, )'!$1 -112# ) ,$( .*:5$+! -, !9(#$1 & ,$"-. 9(#$1. !-1 ;1'
!0$ 6',-!,9$ -159 '4 <…> 1:, -15, + ,-+!!0/ $ !"*6 %, 6$01-*< 59,
1-%./+,-+!25! (209).
1- )0$10= 0+-"- -./'8',, -1+$6$+ 0*$#2<8'$ 2.-1/$ *$,'=: + +!%, ,-%8/"(6! 0!") % )5 ,+('+*%'+), %, )+#"/ 5/6, $0*'
-" #01, /+ 3")-*%0!6 % ,++(64"; “+.(04&, "!#%, +/ )5 /","-6 +!*%, -..'#% )*" .", 3/+ $*"46 ,-+ -54*7, 3/+ +* % ''.
/"" .- -%20:, 3/+ *%'+)0 *" +/'-+7”; "/, 8 +(64" *" %)"7 .%(
/"-,"/6. -%$, 3/+ +*% !"(7/ .+ )*+7! ! .$/!94 2.-1/$ *$,'=
-1,-0=10= )- !/$+$,' “#- .$/$*-+” ' ./' ;1-+ /0)/9!<1 -./'8', )) 6$*-!$) '0)/$,,$ !$/2<8$"-. -0*$#,$$ – ' $#',01!$,,-$ !!1-/-( 601' – - /8$,'$ ) -"2 -1,-0'10= ) )/$01,9+ +2)+ -./'8',.
“.'0)' 02+07$#7$"-”: ,6$,'$ ' 0+90*
-#!-#= '1-"' 0!-$+2 '00*$#-!,'<, - )-1-/-+ 9*- 0)&,- ! ,6*$
011:', . >,$,>, 01!'1 !-./-0 - “#,$!,')$ , 0*2% $ 02+07$01-
98
' %+A”. 1 /=4.+ . B0(0B0, 4536-5630=( :(35= '0(%0+-# 21*%1.+.+
1&1.@ + “42#31'+31%#5> '0(%0+-1%6@ 713/6”, + “4 21/1<>@ 21/(;#001&1 21%(45%1%#5(.A 10 /1& 23('45#%+5> 2#51.1&+:(4-+, 2319(44,
12+4#00=, +*0653+, -1513=, 45#. 2126.A30=/ 51.>-1 % -109( !I! %(-#, -1&'# + % .+5(3#563( 21A%+.+4> -109(29++ ‘3#*'%1(001,’ + ‘/01)(45%(001,’ .+:0145+”.109 (,45%+5(.>01, $6-%#.>01( *0#:(0+( &1&1.(%4-1&1 5(-45# – 24+8+:(4-1( *#$1.(%#0+( 123+<+0#. = 453(/+.+4>
21-#*#5>, :51 3#4<(2.(00145> + '%1,45%(00145> $6-%#.>01 2310+*=%#(5 &1&1.(%4-+, 5(-45. "51 15014+54A - 0#*%#0+@, - 411501;(0+@ 2(3410#)# + 3#44-#*:+-1%, %-.@:(0+@ '36&+8 &1.141%, +05(35(-456#.>0=8
%3(*1-, 7+&63( ?-+%1-#, %*#+/1'(,45%+@ 2+4>/(001&1 + 64501&1 '+4-634#. #/ 5(-45, -#- 6)( $=.1 4-#*#01, /1)(5 3#44/#53+%#5>4A -#+-10+:(4-+, *0#- 3#4<(2.(001&1 41*0#0+A. "51 51, :51 /1)01 0#*%#5>
*0#:(0+(/ '#001&1 5(-45#.
1 '#.>;( 81:(54A 42314+5>: + ?51 %4(? "5+/ +4:(32=%#(54A 214.#0+( 1&1.A? 54@'# .+ 231+45(-#(5 51 1&31/01(, 0( 21'%(3)(001( %3(/(0+ ?/19+10#.>01( %1*'(,45%+(, -15131( 231'1.)#@5 1-#*=%#5> “#2+4-+ 46/#4;(';(&1”? “ 3#*%(, '(,45%+5(.>01, %(4> 4/=4. 26;-+04-1, 4-#*-+ ‘ 3=$#-( + 3=$-(’ *#-.@:#(54A % 51/, :51 5#/ $6-%#.>01
&1%13+54A 1 3=$-(? – 2+4#. . . +01-63. – 1 51&'# ?51 $=.1 $= 0(
231+*%('(0+( +4-6445%#, # 8310+-(34-1( +*%(45+(, .(512+4>, +4513+:(4-#A 423#%-#”.110 21:5+ 5(/+ )( 4.1%#/+ – 1 “%&(0++ 0(&+0(”:
“'(,45%+5(.>0=, 4/=4. 86'1)(45%(001&1 4.1%# 0+-1&'# 0( *#/=-#(54A
% (&1 $6-%#.>01/ 4/=4.(. @$1, 2145621- #5>A0= + 0(&+0# (45>
43#*6 + 51, :51 10 (45> 4 51:-+ *3(0+A (&1 $6-%#.>01&1 1$1*0#:(0+A, +
51, :51 10 23('45#%.A(5 41$1, % $1.(( ;+31-1/ (&1 41'(3)#0++, 4-3=51/ % (&1 $6-%#.>01/ *0#:(0++ <…> #-+/ 1$3#*1/ 71 3/1 , *'(4>
4.6)+5 41 '(3) #0+ ( ”.111 5#-, /1)01 23('21.1)+5>, :51, 41'(3)#0+(
“#2+41- 46/#4;(';(&1” A%.A(54A 713/1, %=3#)(0+A -#-1&1-51 +01&1
4/=4.#. #-1% )( ?515 4/=4.?
$3#<#@5 0# 4($A %0+/#0+( 4.('6@<+( 7#-5=: #) %%('(0+( 01%1&1
.(51+4:+4.(0+A: *# #( 8 4.('6(5 ! 2000 "#( 43 &$. 01
/15+%+31%#01 46/#4;(45%+(/ 123+<+0# + A%.A(54A (&1 0#&.A'0=/
'1-#*#5(.>45%1/. '01%3(/(001 101 +/((5 /+71.1&+:(4-+( + 3(.+&+1*0=( -10015#9++; $) 5(-451%1( 3#423('(.(0+( %-.@:(00=8 % /(_________________
109
) ) . “#2+4-+ 46/#4;(';(&1” .. 1&1.A + (%312(,4-+, .+5(3#5630=,
'0(%0+-. . 158.
110
!%# . . $ +*6:(0++ A*=-# .+5(3#5630=8 231+*%('(0+, // !%# . .
*$3#00=( 3#$15= 21 3644-1/6 A*=-6. . 246.
111
!%# . . 10A5+( 21?5+:(4-1&1 A*=-# // #/ )(. . 390.
“-&/(& /1*/5#"5#!,” . . ,!,)9
99
'%+!7 ,('%!&&!" ' ' ! 0)+. +'+ ()! &# 7$7+*7 '*'&&'
('# +$4&3%, !' '& &!## & *7 & * '$ &46 '()!2!&, ! ,('+)$&! %'%+!" %'$' 3 3+4 *'$6+&' ()'! '$4&3%. , +% )%7 ' “$!#'' ()$'%” '+%0&' ()!*,+*+!% 0)+, ('*$ &' – ')2&!% # ',. 3$!% *(/!$4&' %)#!)'#, (!*" ())!! '')%'' () *(&!6: #$"1 "+#*
& +,478; &(,0,.,!, 4&/). #+7 6) #% 4&/); &/) +# -,*+8. #/93 0,$# +# 6),. 6), 4#.0 %+#0 40, 0(,#.
%!-'$'!0*#'" +)!/!! ().' '+ *+)'' ' # &''%, – 5+'
) )3 )%&! (“)%7 '*+&$!+*7”), #,27*7 &'+)+!%'"
(' .'*, )*( ! *%)+4, #'+')3%!, '&#', '$&3 ('*$'+4 &'7 ! &4 ! '*#)1&!; ) (!*! ('*$ “$!#'' ()$'%”
%',+ 3+4 ()'0!+&3 *#' 4 ()! %, &$4*#'' +#*+. '# +$4&3 *$,62! ($#' & *) ' %'&3 *'('*+$&!7: (+3)#.
1".&) *#+9 " .% -)(,8; – -)# )& + #!,, &, %9 5& 0.,/07,
&)& !, -, !,), # ('+ +-., 27, 30); ,$#! 0, ,+& "#)80 /, *+,8?
<…> 40, ,+& *140 *#+9? – 04#! , #/)& 6 06 )!, ,)&)
-.,+#/0& 451 /&8 *&*, *#+9 (+-., 26, 39); +& +# +#*)80, +#
&"90, +# /)1580 *#+9 – , ,!.1#), /#."3# )8"#' /&2, & 15*& /
0.1",* /)650, & !)% / ,& /,*(+1)&, " +# 1 &"90 !)%*&, & +#
1/)650 15*&, & +# 1.%1*#80 /#."3#*, & " +# ,.090/9, 40,6 9
&/3#)&) &2! (+-,13, 15).
*/$7+*7 $! '()!2!&? &)*+&&'% *%3*$ – ,*$'&'.
,%*1*+! '()!2!& !%+ ,#$4&3" ! %+-')!0*#!" *%3*$.
+' (,+4, (' #'+')'%, '& '$& ()'"+! '()!2!&, 0+'3 *++4 0$'#'%. ('*$&" $%&+/!! '()!2!& ,0!+ !%&&' 5+'+ '$'*
– & 0!&'&!#, & !*(&*#'' #')'$7, &' ()'*+' 0$'#, *+)&!7
#'+')'' 3 36+ /,-/0."+&#. &*$,0"&' !%&&' *4 %#*!%$4&' $! #!%! *+&'7+*7 +') ('*+! ''$4 ! ' )'". &!
%3*$7+ '!&#'3%! ') %!, , &!. '!&#'3 0,*+ ! ()!7 &&'*+!. 015(! ,$)#' , / ,#* ,)7+,* "&090(#!.. ('*$&"
(!*! ('7$7+*7 & +'$4#' '**!7, &' ! +$!7. %3 *('%!&%
*#,$4(+,), !#$&$' *'') *. +) !%: Pietà.
Download