Kommentarii_konkyrsnaya_rabota

НОУ СПО «Семеновский колледж экономики и
менеджмента»
Грамматический комментарий по Английскому языку
для студентов обучающихся по программам
среднего профессионального образования
Разработчик: преподаватель английского языка Тихомирова Н.К
г.Семенов
2014 год.
Грамматические комментарии
Личные местоимения
I
You
He
She
Я
Ты, вы
Он
Она
It
We
They
Оно
Мы
Они
Указательные местоимения
Единственн
ое число
Множестве
нное число
this (этот, эта, это)
this week, this file
that (тот, та, то)
that week, that file
these (эти)
those (те)
these weeks, these files those weeks, those files
Обозначает то, что
ближе к говорящему
во времени и
пространстве
Обозначает то, что
дальше от
говорящего во
времени и
пространстве
Артикли
Неопределенный артикль
a (an)
Употребляется только с исчисляемыми существительными в
единственном числе для:
1. Выражения значения единичности
2. Классификации лица или предмета (имеет значение «любой»).
A student must work hard.
I have a dog.
Определенный артикль
the
Употребляется со всеми типами существительных
(исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми) как в единственном числе,
так и во множественном числе. Определенный артикль
конкретизирует предмет, т.е. выделяет его из ряда ему подобных.
Он употребляется если:
1. Ситуация или контекст показывает, что речь идет об
определенном предмете или лице.
2. Слово упоминалось ранее.
3. С прилагательными в превосходной степени.
4. С некоторыми географическими названиями.
5. С фамилией во множественном числе для обозначения всех
членов семьи.
The Urals, the best, the Smiths. The day is fine.
She has a new car. The car is red.
Глагол to be (быть)
Настоящее время Present Simple
I
am
You
are
He
She
It
We
They
are
is
Прошедшее время Past Simple
I
was
You
were
He
She
It
was
We
They
were
Будущее время Future Simple
I
You
He
She
It
will be
will be
will be
We
They
My father is a teacher.
My grandfather was a doctor.
My sister will be a student.
will
be
Настоящее время Present Simple
Вопросительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Единственное число
Am I?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
I am not (I’m not)
He is not (he isn’t)
She is not (she isn’t)
It is not (it isn’t)
Множественное
число
Are we?
Are you?
Are they?
We are not (we aren’t)
You are not (you aren’t)
They are not (they aren’t)
Пример
Is you father a teacher?
Are your children tall?
Прошедшее время Past Simple
Вопросительная
форма
Отрицательная форма
Единственное число
Was I?
Were you?
Was he?
Was she?
Was it?
I was not (I wasn’t)
You were not (you weren’t)
He was not (he wasn’t)
She was not (she wasn’t)
It was not (it wasn’t)
Множественное
число
Were we?
Were you?
Were they?
We were not (we weren’t)
You were not (you weren’t)
They were not (they weren’t)
Пример
Were you at the
Institute yesterday?
Was she a doctor?
Будущее время Future Simple
Вопросительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Единственное число
Will I?
Will you?
Will he?
Will she?
Will it?
I will not (I won’t)
You will not (you won’t)
He will not (he won’t)
She will not (she won’t)
It will not (it won’t)
Множественное
число
Will we?
Will you?
Will they?
We will not (we won’t)
You will not (you won’t)
They will not (they
won’t)
Пример
Will you be a teacher?
I won’t be a teacher.
Глагол to have (have got)
Настоящее время Present Simple
Утвердителььная
форма
Вопросительная
форма
Отрицательная форма
I have/have got
We have/have got
You have/have got
They have/have got
Have I got …?
Have we got …?
Have you got …?
Have they got …?
I haven’t got …
We haven’t got …
You haven’t got …
They haven’t got …
He has/has got
She has/has got
It has/has got
Has he got …?
Has she got …?
Has it got …?
He hasn’t got …
She hasn’t got …
It hasn’t got …
They have got two pets. Have they got two pets? They haven’t got two pets.
Прошедшее время Past Simple
Утвердителььная
форма
Вопросительная форма
Отрицательная
форма
Единственное число
I had
You had
He had
She had
It had
Had I ?
Had you ?
Had he?
Had she?
Had it?
I hadn’t not …
You hadn’t not …
He hadn’t not …
She hadn’t not …
It hadn’t not …
Множественное число
We had
You had
They had
Had we?
Had you?
Had they?
We hadn’t not …
You hadn’t not …
They hadn’t not …
She had a pet.
Had she a pet?
She hadn’t a pet.
Будущее время Future Simple
Утвердителььная
форма
Вопросительная форма
Отрицательная форма
I will have
You will have
He will have
She will have
It will have
Will I have?
Will you have?
Will he have?
Will she have?
Will it have?
I will not (won’t) have
You will not (won’t) have
He will not (won’t) have
She will not (won’t) have
It will not (won’t) have
We will have
You will have
They will have
Will we have?
Will you have?
Will they have?
We will not (won’t) have
You will not (won’t) have
They will not (won’t)
have
She will have a pet.
Will she have a pet?
She won’t a pet.
Типы вопросов
В английском языке четыре основных типа вопросов:
 Общие вопросы (general questions)
 Специальные вопросы (special questions)
 Альтернативные вопросы (alternative questions)
 Разделительные вопросы (disjunctive questions)
Общий вопрос задается тогда, когда мы хотим спросить,
происходит, происходило или произойдет ли событие,
выраженное сказуемым вопросительного предложения.
Are you happy? Is she at school?
Глаголсвязка
Подлежащее
Основная часть
сказуемого
?
Если сказуемое выражено глаголами to be или to have,
которые в этом предложении являются смысловыми, то
вопросительное предложение строится без вспомогательного
глагола по схеме:
Глаголы
to be, to have
Подлежащее
?
Has he (got) a book?
Специальный вопрос задается, когда мы хотим
узнать, кто совершает действие, где, когда, почему, при
каких обстоятельствах это происходит.
Специальный вопрос начинается со специального
вопросительного слова:
Who (кто)
Whom (кого)
What (что, какой)
Which (который)
Whose (чей)
When (когда)
Where (где, куда)
Why (почему)
How long (как долго)
How (как)
How many (сколько)
How much (сколько)
Основные схемы специального вопроса*:
(* вопрос не относится к подлежащему)
Вопросительное
слово
Глагол to be, to have как
смысловые
Подлежащее
is
Peter?
Where
Вопросительное слово
Where
Вспомогательный глагол
Подлежащее
Смысловой
глагол
does
Peter
live?
Второстепенные члены
предложения
Когда вопрос относится к подлежащему или определению к
подлежащему, то у этих специальных вопросов прямой порядок слов.
Who reads books in the evening?
LESSON 1

Типы предложений.

Порядок слов в предложениях.

Глаголы “to be” и “to have” в настоящем, прошедшем и
будущем временах.

Структуры “to be going to do smth”, “to be fond of smth”.

Общие и специальные вопросы.

Артикли: определенный, неопределенный, нулевой.

Личные местоимения. Указательные местоимения this /
that, these / those.
Text 1
A book. It is a book. Is it a book? Yes, it is.
No, it is not. What is it? A chair. This is a chair.
Is this a chair? Yes, it is. No, it is not. What is this?
A pencil. Is that a pencil? Yes, it is. No, it is not.
What is that? This is the floor. That is the ceiling.
This is the door and that is the window.
This is the wall and that is the wall, too.
It is a blackboard. It is a duster. Is that a book? – Yes, it is.
Is this a pen? – No, it isn't. It is not a pen. It's a pencil.
The blackboard is black. The chalk is white.
This desk is brown. That piece of paper is yellow.
These pencils are green and those pencils are blue.
These are green pencils. Those are blue pencils.
Is that pen red or green? It is red. Is the bag brown?
No it isn't. It is yellow. Is that a blue box? No, it isn’t.
It is a red box. Is this piece of chalk white? Yes, it is.
Text 2
Прочитайте текст, переведите его и ответьте на вопросы.
Переделайте текст, поставив глаголы “to be” и “to have” в
прошедшее и будущее время.
My name is Susan. I am twenty. I am a first-year student at
Glasgow University. I’m going to become an economist. It’s a
very interesting profession. I’m not married, because I’m so
young. My family is not large. We are five: my mother, my father,
my grandmother, my sister and me. My father is a teacher. He is
very clever. He is like a walking dictionary. He is keen on foreign
literature, he is interested in sciences.
My mother is younger than my father. She is always full of
joy and energy. She is a housewife and is good at cooking.
My grandmother is quiet and thoughtful. She is well-read.
She has a lot of books on her shelves. My sister Mary is a
lovely girl. She is well-bred and always well-dressed. Foreign
languages are her hobby. She is going to master French.
We have many relatives: three uncles, two aunts, six cousins.
My best friend is Ann. She is modest and honest.
She is good at painting.
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What’s your name?
How old are you?
What are you going to
be?
Are you married?
Why aren’t married?
Is your family large?
How many are you in
the family?
What is your father?
What is your father
interested in?
10. Is Mary always welldressed?
11. What language is Mary
going to master?
12. How many relatives
have you got?
13. Who is your best
friend?
14. What is she good at?
9.
Text 3
Read the text and try to tell your group-mates about
your relations
My Relations
My mother has six sisters. Her elder sister lives in Moscow.
Her name is Maria. Aunt Maria is a teacher. Her husband is a
technician. His name is Michael but we call him uncle Mike for
short. His hobby is radio repairing.
My aunt and uncle have four children: three sons and a daughter. I
am on friendly terms with my cousins.
My cousin Andrew is married. He is an electrician. His wife is a
tailor. They have two children, they are twins. My second cousin
Nick lives in the country. He is a technician at the transport services.
He is married too. His wife is a nurse in the kindergarten. In summer
we go to the country on our holidays and stay at Nick’s.
Text 4
Read the text. Answer the questions given below and
retell the text.
About Mr. Brown, a Teacher
This is Mr. Brown. He is English. He is from Great Britain. He is
from London. Mr. Brown is not single. He is married. He is forty-five
years old. He is a quiet, good-looking man, tall, handsome, rather
thin, with curly brown hair and dark grey eyes.
Mr. Brown is a teacher. He is a teacher of London University. He
is there on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. On Wednesday
he is at home in his rich, cosy family library. He is busy with reading
scientific books and newspapers, journals and magazines, writing
articles and reports. Saturday and Sunday are his days off. His hobby
is music and gardening.
Questions
1.
Where is Mr. Brown
from?
6.
On what days is he
at University?
2.
Is Mr. Brown single or
married?
7.
What is he busy
with?
3.
How old is he?
8.
4.
What does he look
like?
What are his days
off?
9.
What is his hobby?
5.
What is Mr. Brown’s
occupation?
Text 5
Read and translate the text in writing.
The Browns
Mr. Brown’s family is not large. There are four of them: his
wife, his son, his daughter and him. His wife, Mrs. Brown, is a
pleasant looking woman. She is forty. She has warm brown hair
and soft dark brown eyes. She is kind and gentle. She has much
work to do about the house. Mr. Brown is a little unpractical. Mrs.
Brown, on the other hand, is very practical and full of common sense.
The Browns haven’t many children, only two: John and
Mary. John is seventeen and six foot tall. He is at University.
He has a lot of books in his room. He is a clever, hard-working
student, a first class footballer, boxer and runner. He hasn’t
much time to spare. He is strong, quiet and thoughtful like his father.
His sister Mary is only twelve. She is a lovely girl. She has
golden hair and dark blue eyes. She is always bright and
happy, full of joy. She is at school. She has much homework
to do. She has a pet, it’s a parrot. The family is very friendly,
they have much in common. Every time they are together,
they are happy.
Questions
1.
Is Mr. Brown’s
family large?
2.
How many are they
in the family?
3.
How old is Mrs.
Brown?
4.
What is she like?
5.
What is she?
6.
How many children
have the Browns?
What is their son’s
name?
8. How old is John?
9. What is his
occupation?
10. What has he in his
room?
11. What is he like?
7.
12.
Is he like his father
or his mother?
17.
Has she much or little
homework?
13.
Has he much or little
time to spare?
18.
What Pet has Mary?
19.
Is everyone in the
family happy?
20.
Have they much or
little in common?
21.
Is the family friendly?
14.
What is the
daughter’s name?
15.
How old is she?
16.
She is at school, isn’t
she?
ORAL PRACTICE
Learn the dialogues by heart. Act them down.
1
 Tom, who is this good-looking, chestnut-haired young
lady?
 Oh, it's my sister.
 And who is this pretty girl with rosy plump cheeks and a
turned-up nose?
 It's her elder daughter, my niece.
 Well, you have such pleasant-looking relatives.
 Thank you.
2
 What is the name of your younger brother?
 John.
 Really? Fantastic, we both have a brother John by name.
 Why? John is such a popular name.
3
 Look, Jane, have you got a family of your own?
 Oh, no, I'm not married yet. I live with my parents.
 Is your family large?
 I don't think so. My parents have got only two daughters.
 And which of you is the eldest?
 It's me. I'm twenty.
 How old is your younger sister? I wonder what her name
is?
 Susan. She's a lovely girl. She is ten.
 It's a pleasure to have such a young sister, isn't it?
 Certainly. She's the apple of my eye.
Translate the dialogue from Russian into
English.










Это миссис Браун? У нее большая семья?
Да.
Сколько у нее детей?
Четверо: две девочки – Мэри и Бетси, и два мальчика –
Билл и Джон.
Мэри старшая?
Да, ей 16 лет.
А сколько лет Джону?
Он еще маленький, ему еще нет трех.
Брауны очень приятные люди.
Да, очень. М-р Браун – великолепный отец, а миссис
Браун – очень любящая мать.
Translate the replies from Russian into
English.
 Hello, Kate. Let me introduce my friend Barbara, she is
from Nottingham.
 Здравствуйте, Барбара. Рада познакомиться с вами. Вы
здесь по делу?
 Pleased to meet you too. You are right, I'm on business
here. I'm a nurse and I'm on practice at hospital now.
 Вы очень заинтересованы в своей профессии? И я
думаю, вы очень хороший специалист.
 Да, я люблю свою профессию. Мои родители – врачи.
И я тоже собираюсь стать врачом.
 My parents are journalists. But I'm not a journalist. I'm
going to be a lawyer.
Translate the replies from Russian into
English.
 What are you going to be after school, Jack?
 Я собираюсь стать инженером. Мне очень нравится
математика, физика, компьютеры. А ты?
 Я бы хотела стать актрисой. Это такая интересная
профессия, и я хочу петь, танцевать, встречаться со
многими людьми.
 Oh, you are wrong then. I think, it's very hard to be a good
actress, and a person should have a lot of special talents.
Act out the dialogue.
Learn it by heart.










Good evening, Helen, dear! I’m very glad to see you.
Good evening, Pamela! How are you and your son?
We are very well, thank you. My son is a lawyer now.
Oh, I am very glad to hear that. And my children are still
students.
You know, Helen, my George is a married man now. His
wife’s name is Sarah. She is very nice and young.
How old is she?
Nineteen. She is a student.
I’m very glad for the young couple. Best regards to George
and Sarah.
Thank you, good bye
Good bye