Иностранный язык - Институт филологии, массовой

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
УТВЕРЖДАЮ
Директор ИФМИП __________
__________________________
_____________ Е.Ю. Булыгина
«______»____________ 20__ г.
УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ КОМПЛЕКС
ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ «Иностранный язык»
Специальность 050301.65 Русский язык и литература
Квалификация: Учитель русского языка и литературы
Статус дисциплины:__ ГСЭ Ф.1.1__
(код по УП)
Новосибирск 2010
Одобрено: кафедра теории языка и межкультурной коммуникации
Протокол №_____ от ______ 20 __ г.
Зав. кафедрой: _____________канд. филол. наук, доцент Е. П. Таргонская
Рекомендовано: совет факультета ИФМИП
Председатель совета: ______________директор ИФМИП канд. филол. наук, проф. Е.Ю. Булыгина
«_____» __________ 20___ г.
Аннотация
УМКД по курсу «Иностранный язык (английский)» составлен на основе ГОС ВПО по
направлению 050301.65 Русский язык и литература, утверждённому приказом Министерства
образования Российской Федерации от 31. 01.2005 № 707 пед./сп. (новый), и учитывает
требования СМК ГОУ ВПО НГПУ.
В основу курса положена модель коммуникативного обучения, направленного на
ознакомление с нормами, правилами и стилями межкультурной коммуникации, наряду с
ментальными особенностями и национальными обычаями представителей различных
цивилизаций.
УМКД по курсу «Иностранный язык (английский)» предназначен для студентов 1 и 2
курсов, обучающихся по направлению 050301.65 Русский язык и литература, а также
преподавателей данной дисциплины.
Составители:
Н.В. Носенко, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры теории языка и межкультурной
коммуникации,
М. Р. Поклонская, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры теории языка и межкультурной
коммуникации.
Рецензент:
Б.В. Сапрыгин, канд. фил. наук, доцент кафедры теории языка и межкультурной
коммуникации.
2
ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАПИСКА
В настоящее время знание иностранного языка в системе профессионального высшего
образования как важнейшего элемента общей и профессиональной культуры специалиста и
средства коммуникации приобретает особую актуальность.
Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины «Иностранный язык (английский)»
предназначен для студентов ИФМИП Новосибирского государственного педагогического
университета, обучающихся по специальности 050301.65 Русский язык и литература и
составлен
в
соответствии
с
государственным
образовательным
стандартом
профессионального высшего образования, в котором иностранный язык представлен как
общегуманитарная дисциплина. При составлении УМКД учтены рекомендации учебнометодического
объединения
по
лингвистическому образованию
при
Министерстве
образования РФ, изложенные в Примерной программе дисциплины обучения иностранным
языкам в вузах неязыковых специальностей.
В основе данноо учебно-методического комплекса лежат следующие общие положения:
1) Владение иностранным языком является обязательным компонентом профессиональной
подготовки современного специалиста любого профиля.
2) Вузовский курс иностранного языка
– звено в цепи системы «школа – вуз –
послевузовское образование».
3) Вузовский курс иностранного языка носит коммуникативно-ориентированный и
профессионально-направленный характер. Цель курса – приобретение студентами
коммуникативной компетенции, уровень которой на отдельных этапах языковой
подготовки
позволяет
использовать
иностранный
язык
практически
как
в
профессиональной (производственной и научной) деятельности, так и для целей
самообразования.
4) Курс иностранного языка ставит образовательные и воспитательные цели. Достижение
образовательных целей осуществляется в аспекте гуманизации и гуманитаризации
высшего образования и означает расширение кругозора студентов, повышение уровня их
общей культуры и образования, а также культуры мышления, общения и речи.
Реализация воспитательного потенциала иностранного языка проявляется в готовности
специалистов
содействовать
налаживанию
межкультурных
и
научных
связей,
представлять свою страну на международных конференциях и симпозиумах, относиться с
уважением к духовным ценностям других стран и народов.
3
Цель курса иностранного языка для студентов ИФМИП НГПУ, обучающихся по
специальности 050301.65 Русский язык и литература, – формирование профессионально
ориентированных коммуникативных компетенций и подготовка студентов-филологов к их
будущей профессиональной деятельности средствами иностранного языка.
Основной задачей обучения является развитие у студентов практических навыков
всех видов речевой деятельности (говорения, аудирования, чтения и письма), что
предполагает, прежде всего, активизацию лексических и грамматических знаний на основе
современных коммуникативных методик, а также овладение новым для студентов регистром
речи – языком избранной специальности в устной и письменной формах.
Основными
принципами
обучения
иностранному
языку
являются
его
целенаправленность и ориентированность на практический результат.
Критерием практического владения иностранным языком является уверенное
пользование наиболее употребительными и простыми языковыми средствами во всех видах
речевой деятельности, и самостоятельная работа с научной литературой на иностранном
языке с целью получения профессиональной информации.
4
Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет»
УТВЕРЖДЕНА
Советом факультета ИФМИП __
________________________
________________/ Е.Ю. Булыгина/
«______»
_
___
20__
г.
Обсуждена на заседании кафедры
теории языка и межкультурной коммуникации
Протокол № __ __ от «___»_ ___20 _г.
________________ / Е.П. Таргонская/
ПРОГРАММА ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ
ГСЭ Ф. 1.1 «Иностранный язык (английский)»
Специальность 050301.65 Русский язык и литература
Квалификация: Учитель русского языка и литературы
Составители:
М.Р. Поклонская, к.ф.н., доцент,
Н.В. Носенко к.ф.н., доцент
Новосибирск 2010
5
ГСЭ.Ф.01
Иностранный язык
Специфика артикуляции звуков, интонации, акцентуации и ритма нейтральной
речи в изучаемом языке; основные особенности полного стиля произношения,
характерные для сферы профессиональной коммуникации; чтение
транскрипции.
Лексический минимум в объеме 4000 учебных лексических единиц общего и
терминологического характера.
Понятие дифференциации лексики по сферам применения (бытовая,
профессиональная, общенаучная, официальная и другая).
Понятие о свободных и устойчивых словосочетаниях, фразеологических
единицах.
Понятие об основных способах словообразования.
Грамматические навыки, обеспечивающие коммуникацию без искажения
смысла при письменном и устном общении общего характера: основные
грамматические явления, характерные для профессиональной речи.
Понятие и особенности обиходно-литературного, официально-делового,
научного стилей; стиль художественной литературы, средств массовой
информации.
Культура и традиции стран изучаемого языка, правила речевого этикета.
Диалогическая и монологическая речь с использованием наиболее
употребительных и относительно простых лексико-грамматических средств в
основных коммуникативных ситуациях неофициального и официального
общения. Основы публичной речи (устное сообщение, доклад).
Аудирование. Понимание диалогической и монологической речи в сфере
бытовой и журналистской коммуникации.
Чтение. Виды текстов: несложные прагматические тексты и тексты по
широкому и узкому профилю специальности.
Письмо. Виды речевых произведений: аннотация, реферат, тезисы, сообщения,
частное письмо, деловое письмо, биография.
1. Цели и задачи дисциплины
Данная учебная программа предназначена для студентов, продолжающих обучение
иностранному языку на базе программы средней общеобразовательной школы в
соответствии с Госстандартом. Программа ориентирована на студентов I – II курсов
050301.65 Русский язык и литература нормативного курса обучения иностранному языку по
специальности на дневную форму обучения и составлена в соответствии с требованиями
государственной типовой программы по иностранным языкам.
Основной целью дисциплины «Иностранный язык (английский)» в неязыковом вузе
является обучение практическому владению разговорно–бытовой речью и языком
специальности для активного применения иностранного языка как в повседневном, так и в
профессиональном общении.
Задачами дисциплины «Иностранный язык» являются:
- развитие навыков чтения литературы по специальности «Русский язык и литература» с
целью извлечения информации,
6
- развитие навыков публичной речи (сообщение, доклад, дискуссия) в рамках специальности,
- развитие навыков делового письма и ведения переписки по общим проблемам
издательского дела,
- знакомство с основами реферирования, аннотирования и перевода литературы по профилю.
Освоение обучаемыми фонетики, грамматики, синтаксиса, словообразования, сочетаемости
слов, а также активное усвоение наиболее употребительной общепрофессиональной лексики
и фразеологии изучаемого иностранного языка происходит в процессе работы над связными,
законченными в смысловом отношении произведениями речи специальности «Русский язык
и литература».
Курс осуществляется в форме лабораторных занятий.
2. Требования к уровню освоения содержания дисциплины
В процессе изучения курса «Иностранный язык (английский)» студенты должны
овладеть базовыми терминами дисциплины, приобрести определенные умения и навыки.
Студент должен:
 владеть навыками разговорно-бытовой речи;
 понимать устную (монологическую и диалогическую) речь на бытовые и
общекультурные темы;
 владеть наиболее употребительной грамматикой и основными грамматическими
явлениями, характерными для устной и письменной речи повседневного общения;
 знать базовую лексику, представляющую стиль повседневного и общекультурного го
общения;
 читать и понимать со словарем литературу на темы повседневного общения, а также
общекультурные темы;
 владеть основами устной речи – делать сообщения, доклады (с предварительной
подготовкой), по вышеуказанным темам;
 участвовать в обсуждении тем, связанных с культурой, наукой, техникой;
 владеть основными навыками письма для ведения бытовой переписки, переписки по
общекультурным темам;
 иметь представление об основных приемах аннотирования, реферирования и перевода
литературы на общекультурные и бытовые темы.
3. Объём дисциплины и виды учебной работы
Очная форма обучения
Вид учебной работы
Общая трудоёмкость дисциплины
Аудиторные занятия
Всего часов
340
170
Лабораторные работы
Самостоятельная работа
170
170
Вид итогового контроля
Семестры
1 сем. – 50
2 сем. – 34
3 сем. – 50
4 сем. - 36
Третий семестр – зачет
второй, четвертый семестры –
экзамен
7
3.1. Объём дисциплины и виды учебной работы
Заочная форма обучения
Вид учебной работы
Общая трудоёмкость дисциплины
Аудиторные занятия
Всего часов
340
34
Семестры
1 сем. – 6
2 сем. – 4
3 сем. – 10
4 сем. – 8
5 сем. – 6
Лабораторные работы
Самостоятельная работа
34
306
Контрольные работы
Вид итогового контроля
Второй семестр
четвертый семестр - зачет
пятый семестр - экзамен
4. Содержание дисциплины
4.1. Разделы дисциплины и виды занятий.
Очная форма обучения
№
Раздел
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Лабораторные
работы
Самостоятел.
работа
Вводный корректировочный фонетический и
грамматический курс
Семья
Город
Путешествие
Достопримечательности Великобритании и
США
В ресторане
Спорт. Досуг
Лондон
СМИ
Образование
Профессия
Страны изучаемого языка
Тексы по специальности
14
14
12
12
14
12
12
14
14
12
14
12
14
14
14
12
12
14
12
12
14
14
12
14
12
14
Всего:
170
170
8
Заочная форма обучения
№
Раздел
1
Вводный корректировочный фонетический и
грамматический курс
Семья
Город
Путешествие
Достопримечательности Великобритании и
США
В ресторане
Спорт. Досуг
Лондон
СМИ
Образование
Профессия
Страны изучаемого языка
Тексты по специальности
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Лабораторные
работы
Самостоятел.
работа
4
4
4
4
2
24
24
23
23
24
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
23
23
24
24
23
24
23
24
34
306
Всего:
4.2. Содержание дисциплины
1 семестр
Фонетика
Специфика артикуляции звуков, интонации, ритма нейтральной речи в изучаемом языке;
основные особенности полного стиля произношения, характерные для сферы профессиональной
коммуникации; чтение транскрипции.
Грамматика и словообразование
Простое распространенное предложение (утвердительное и отрицательное),
вопросительное предложение (с вопросительным словом и без него), повелительное
предложение (форма вежливого обращения).
Существительное. Формальные признаки существительного (род, число, падеж).
Строевые признаки существительного (признаки грамматических от ношений, сочетаемость
существительных).
Прилагательное. Формальные признаки прилагательного. Строевые признаки
прилагательного. Степени сравнения.
Местоимение. Формальные признаки местоимения (род, падеж, число). Строевые
признаки: особенности значения некоторых местоимений в связи с их функцией в
предложении.
Артикль. Определенный, неопределенный, нулевой.
Наречие. Формальные признаки наречия. Степени сравнения наречия. Место в
предложении.
Числительное. Количественные, порядковые, дробные числительные.
Конструкция There is / are. Глагол to be.
Личные формы глагола: the Present, Past, Future Indefinite Tense.
2 семестр
9
Грамматика и словообразование
Предлог.
Глагол. Модальные глаголы и их заменители. Личные формы глагола: The Present, Past,
Future Continuous Tense. The Present, Past, Future Perfect Tense, Active and Passive Voice, The
Present, Past, Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Способы перевода страдательного залога на
русский язык.
Словообразовательный минимум. Словообразовательные морфемы (суффиксы: -er, or, -ion, -tion, -ness, -ess, -less, -ful, -able, -ly, -ish, -ity, -ment, -hood, -dom, -ship, -ance, age, -y, -ie и др.; префиксы: un-, dis-, ex-, со-, re- и др.)
Сложные слова и слова, соотнесенные по конверсии. Понятия о свободных и
устойчивых словосочетаниях, фразеологических единицах. Понятия об основных способах
словообразования.
3 семестр
Грамматика и словообразование
Неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив. Инфинитивные конструкции. Герундий.
Герундиальные конструкции. Причастие. Причастные обороты.
4 семестр
Синтаксис.
Сложные предложения с придаточными дополнительными; определительными,
обстоятельственными. Условные придаточные предложения. Прямая и косвенная речь.
Лексика. Лексический минимум
1 семестр. О себе. Семья; Дом, квартира. Рабочий день. Этикет: приветствие,
прощание, благодарность, приглашение, извинение.
2 семестр. Будущая профессия. Учеба. Университет. Любимое занятие. Этикет:
телефонный разговор, привлечение внимания.
3 семестр. Россия. Новосибирск. Страна изучаемого языка. Образование. Этикет:
согласие, несогласие.
4 семестр. Персоналии. Этикет: выражение своего мнения, сотрудничество с
зарубежными партнёрами
Примечание. Названия текстов указываются в лабораторном практикуме.
Чтение
1 семестр. Просмотровое, ознакомительное чтение без словаря. Чтение учебных текстов со
словарем.
2 семестр. Чтение специальной литературы учебного характера со словарем.
3 семестр. Чтение текстов по специальности с полным пониманием со словарем.
4
семестр. Чтение научных статей по специальности со словарем.
Письмо
1 семестр. Выполнение упражнений и учебных заданий.
2 семестр. Написание биографии, частного письма.
3 семестр. Написание делового письма, сообщения.
4 семестр. Написание аннотации.
10
Говорение
Диалогическая и монологическая речь с использованием наиболее употребительных и
относительно простых лексико-грамматических средств в основных коммуникативных
ситуациях неофициального общения. Правила речевого этикета.
5. Лабораторный практикум (представлен на стр. 19)
6. Учебно-методическое обеспечение дисциплины
6.1. Рекомендуемая литература
а) основная литература:
1. Бурова З. И. Учебник английского языка для гуманитарных специальностей вузов:
учебник для вузов / З. И. Бурова. - Москва: Айрис-Пресс, 2009. - 576 с. : ил., табл. (Высшее образование). - ISBN 5-8112-2547-7.2.
2. Волкова А. А. Английский язык: учебно-методический комплекс. Ч. 2 : Уровневая
грамматика / А. А. Волкова; Новосиб. гос. пед. ун-т. - Новосибирск: НГПУ, 2009. 266 с. - Библиогр.: с. 264-265.
3. Graded Reader with Exercises: учебное пособие / авт.-сост.: Е. Г. Коротких, Н. В.
Носенко, М. Р. Поклонская, Б. В. Сапрыгин; Новосиб. гос. пед. ун-т. - Новосибирск:
НГПУ, 2010. - 100 с.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
б) дополнительная литература:
Английский язык: учебник для гуманитар. фак./ Н. М. Карачарова, А.А.
Масленникова, Э. Ф. Осипова, Т. Е. Салье, Т. П. Третьякова, А. А. Шароградская, И.
И. Горская. - 3-е изд., испр. и доп. - Санкт-Петербург: Лань, 2001.
Колесник Н.Ю. Английский язык деловой коммуникации (Актуальные
проблемы. Практика. Методика) – Новосибирск, 2002.
Котий Г.А., Гюльмисаров В.З. Деловые письма на английском языке. Образцы
с переводом на русский язык (практическое пособие), М., 1999.
Мелех И. Я. Мелех Как пишут письма на английском языке, М, 1993.
Назарова Т.Б. Английский язык делового общения. Курс лекций и практикум.М., 2004.
Сальникова Л.В. Английский язык для менеджеров, М., 1992.
Хведченя Л. В. Английский язык: для поступающих в вузы: учебное издание/
Л. В. Хведченя, Р. В. Хорень. - 17-е изд., стер.- Минск: Современная школа, 2004.
Ellis Mark; Johnson Christine Teaching Business English, OUP, 2000.
Flower J. Build Your Business Vocabulary – Language Teaching Publications, 1995.
Graded reader with exercisers: сборник текстов по основам межкультурной
коммуникации и страноведению для чтения на английском языке с упражнениями.
Новосибирск, 2010.
Grant D., Mc Larty R. Business Basics, OUP, 2001.
Howard-Williams D., Herd C. Business Words, HELT, 2000.
Kohls, Robert and Knight, John. Developing intercultural awareness. - OUP, 1994.
Let`s Start Business. Учебник делового английского языка.- М.: «Поматур»,
2001.
Market Leader, OUP, 2001.
11
6.2. Средства обеспечения освоения дисциплины
База тестовых заданий ИФМИП НГПУ.
Аудио- и видео курсы New Headway English Course.
Формы текущей аттестации
В течение семестра студент должен выполнить письменные внеаудиторные
работы различной тематики; выступить с докладом (презентацией) по одной из
предложенных тем.
Формы итоговой аттестации
Зачеты выставляются по результатам текущего контроля в течение семестра.
К экзамену допускаются студенты, имеющие зачеты, выполнившие письменно
контрольную работу.
На экзамене проверяется умение:
1. читать со словарем текст по специальности. Форма проверки понимания - письменный
перевод (800-1000 знаков за 40 минут);
2. читать без словаря педагогический текст или текст общекультурного содержания,
включающий изученный грамматический материал, 4% незнакомых слов на 1000
знаков за 30 минут. Форма проверки понимания- передача содержания
прочитанного на иностранном или русском языке;
3. делать устное сообщение по изученным разговорным темам.
7. Материально-техническое обеспечение дисциплины
(указываются специализированные лаборатории и классы, основные приборы, установки,
стенды)
Лингафонный кабинет (ауд. 325).
1)
Методические рекомендации по организации изучения дисциплины
а) методические рекомендации для студентов
Методические рекомендации для студентов представляют собой комплекс
разъяснений и указаний, позволяющих студенту наилучшим образом организовать процесс
изучения иностранного языка. Обучение иностранному языку должно подготовить будущего
специалиста к самостоятельному чтению текстов по специальности с целью извлечения
информации.
Практические рекомендации для студентов
Владение иностранным языком на современном этапе развития общества играет
важную роль в формировании личности человека, свидетельствует о его высоком
образовательном и культурном уровне. Изучение иностранного языка, с одной стороны,
занятие довольно увлекательное, а с другой - очень не простое. Помимо интереса и желания
оно требует больших усилий и терпения, значительных временных затрат, постоянной
систематической работы.
Для организации успешной самостоятельной работы по овладению иностранным
языком предлагаем Вам несколько практических советов:
3. Регулярно занимайтесь языком. Не допускайте длительных перерывов, так как
процесс забывания иноязычной информации происходит быстрее, чем в родном языке.
4. Составляйте собственный план работы над языком на день, неделю, месяц и
старайтесь его выполнять.
5. Фиксируйте свои достижения в изучении иностранного языка. Помните, язык —
беспредметен и безграничен, и каждое усвоенное слово или явление языка обогащает Ваши
12
знания.
6. Старайтесь сделать свои занятия разнообразными и интересными, используя
различные виды деятельности: работу над произношением, выполнение грамматических
упражнений, перевод, чтение вслух, прослушивание аудиокассет, просмотр
телепрограмм, видеокассет или дисков с повторением и имитацией диктора, составление
небольших ситуаций и рассказов, исполнение песен на иностранном языке и др.
7. Старайтесь больше учить наизусть стихов, песен, считалок, поговорок,
диалогов, выражений речевого этикета, фрагментов текстов. Все это тренирует Вашу
память, расширяет Ваши знания иностранного языка.
8. Будьте настойчивы и терпеливы в изучении языка. Здесь, как нигде, действует
принцип перехода количественных изменений в качественные. Будьте активны, участвуйте
во всех мероприятиях на иностранном языке, настраивайтесь на успех и добивайтесь его.
Рекомендации по организации работы с аудиотекстом
Вся работа с аудиотекстом состоит из трёх этапов: предтекстового, текстового,
послетекстового.
Основное назначение предтекстового этапа - снятие языковых трудностей. Этап
включает следующие задания:
Прослушайте текст.
Проанализируйте значение отдельных слов и фраз.
Переведите наиболее трудные предложения.
Выполните тренировочные упражнения на базе текста.
Текстовый этап включает прослушивание всего текста и поочерёдно отдельных абзацев,
смысловых блоков.
В процессе многократного прослушивания текста выполните следующие упражнения:
—
Подберите к абзацам заглавия.
—
Перефразируйте отдельные предложения.
—
Ответьте на вопросы.
—
Найдите с опорой на русский эквивалент иноязычные фрагменты текста.
—
Прослушайте текст повторно.
—
Проанализируйте употребление языковых средств.
Послетекстовый этап включает следующие задания:
1. Составьте план пересказа.
2. Перескажите текст.
3. Составьте рассказ по аналогии.
4. Составьте ситуации к тексту.
Рекомендации по организации работы с грамматическим материалом





1. Проработайте теоретический материал по теме в учебном пособии.
2. Выделите главные признаки изучаемого грамматического явления. Запишите их
в тетрадь. Запомните!
3. Ответьте на контрольные вопросы по теме.
4. Выполните тренировочные упражнения на закрепление изученной темы,
придерживаясь следующей последовательности:
образование грамматического явления;
употребление грамматического явления;
перевод с английского на русский и с русского на английский;
определение грамматического явления в тексте;
проверка усвоения грамматического материала по тесту.
Выучите 3 основные формы неправильных глаголов.
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Рекомендации по организации работы со словарями
Из всех типов словарей наиболее необходимым для изучающих иностранный язык
является д в у я з ы ч н ы й переводной словарь — англо- русский и русско-английский.
Наиболее полные, точные и полезные словари-те, которые выдержали уже не один десяток
изданий: Англо-русский словарь п о д р е д . В . К . М ю л л е р а и Р у с с к о - а н г л и й с к и й
с л о в а р ь п о д р е д . А. И. Смирницкого. Именно на их базе создан электронный словарь
LINGVO (основной). Еще в 70-е годы прошлого века вышло первое издание двухтомного
Большого англо-русского словаря под ред. И. Р. Гальперина. Затем вышел большой словарь
под ред. Ю. Д. Апресяна (они имеются в продаже на компакт-дисках). Эти большие словари
могут пригодиться, если нет под рукой одного или нескольких специализированных
словарей, и большой словарь как бы заключает несколько в одном. Современные словари
часто имеют «коммерческие» названия: «большой», «новый», «полный», «современный» и т.
д. На самом деле эти словари, как правило, уступают названным выше и по объему, и по
полноте, и по точности перевода. Большой словарь должен включать не менее 80 000 слов.
Студентам неязыковых специальностей может быть достаточно словаря меньшего объёма,
но не менее 40 000 слов. Мы рекомендуем пользоваться последними переизданиями старых
словарей.
Второй тип словарей - это о т р а с л е в ы е словари, например, медицинский,
экономический, юридический и т. п. Их электронные аналоги имеются в пакете программ
LINGVO и в электронном переводчике PROMT. Существуют специализированные издания,
например, словари сокращений, сленга, новых слов и т. п. словари синонимов по-другому
называются тезаурусами. Существуют как бумажные, так и электронные тезаурусы,
например, Collins. Самый доступный электронный тезаурус (русский и английский) встроен в
текстовый редактор WORD. Выделив слово и нажав кнопку, можно выбрать синоним и
вставить его в текст.
Третий тип - т о л к о в ы е « а н г л о - а н г л и й с к и е » словари. Можно
выделить два основных подтипа: учебные и энциклопедические. К первым относится,
например, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, ко второму типу - Collins English Dictionary.
В первом словаре даны основные энциклопедические сведения, во втором (учебном)
определения проще, меньше значений и больше примеров.
Следует учитывать, что словари с пометкой for advanced learners предназначены
именно для продвинутого этапа. Они оптимальны для студентов, изучающих английский как
специальность. Начинающим лучше выбрать словари для начального уровня. Издательства
Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, Macmillan, Longman, Collins описывают
прежде всего британский вариант английского языка, Webster - самое известное
издательство американских словарей. В некоторых словарях (Macmillan, Longman
Dictionary of the English Language and Culture) даются основные лингвострановедческие
сведения. Изданы и специальные лингвострановедческие словари. Мы рекомендуем словари
Г. Д. Томахина. Для студентов они удобны тем, что основная информация дается на русском
языке. Самый полный фразеологический словарь английского языка составлен А. В.
Куниным.
Словари отличаются между собой тем, сколько значений они выделяют у одного слова,
рассматривают ли они одинаковые слова как омонимы или как разные значения одного слова.
Нужно внимательно прочитать всю словарную статью и определить, какое значение слова
подходит по контексту. Например, русское слово «образование» имеет несколько значений.
Фразу «начальное образование» следует переводить primary education, «образование слов» word building, «образование нового отдела» -formation of new division. Одна из главных
ошибок при переводе - буквализм. «Детективный роман» - не detective novel, a mystery
novel. Существует немало слов, которые называют «ложными друзьями переводчика».
Например, troops - не «трупы», а «войска», corpse - не «корпус», а «труп».
14
Многоязычные словари
1.
2.
3.
4.
http://www.ets.ru/udict-r.htm
http://www.ets.ru/abbrdict-r.htm
http://www.yourdictionary.com/
http://wo.rdreference.com/
б) методические рекомендации для преподавателей
Рекомендации по организации работы с текстами для чтения
Чтобы научиться понимать и переводить иноязычный текст, необходимо в первую
очередь научиться выделять и понимать содержание на уровне тек ста, абзаца и
предложения, а также дифференцировать основную и второстепенную информацию.
Основные признаки текста: 1) связность; 2) тематичность (все предложения объединены
какой-либо одной темой); 3) цельность (использование средств связи между
предложениями).
Тема текста. Текст представляет собой сложное суждение, в котором есть
текстовый субъект (о чем говорится в тексте?) и текстовый предикат (что говорится в
тексте?).
Текстовым субъектом является тема текста, которая находит словесное выражение
чаще всего в заголовке или в самом начале текста.
Текстовый предикат представляет собой группу суждений, раскрывающих тему
текста, т. е. сам текст.
Главное содержание текста. Понять содержание текста - значит уяснить его тему
и идею.
Тема текста - это предмет данного описания, т. е. предмет, явление, событие, о
которых идет речь в тексте.
Идея текста - это главная мысль о данном предмете, авторское отношение к
описываемому предмету. Идея текста- это вывод, к которому должен прийти читающий
после ознакомления с содержанием текста.
Тема часто сообщается в заголовке или в первом предложении текста. Понять идею
можно лишь после прочтения всего текста. Иногда она не имеет словесного выражения, тогда
читающий должен сам сделать определенные выводы.
Основное содержание текста. Для этой цели выделяются элементы, в которых
заключена основная смысловая информация текста. Они называются "ключевыми
фрагментами" (слово, словосочетание, предложение, группа предложений). Каждый абзац
имеет ключевое предложение - "абзацную фразу", если их объединить, то можно получить
основное содержание текста.
Ключевое предложение может находиться: а) в верхней части абзаца (дедуктивная
структура - изложение мысли от общего к частному); б) в нижней части абзаца (индуктивная
структура - изложение мысли от частного к общему); в) в верхней и в нижней части
(рамочная логическая структура).
Другие предложения текста представляют собой способ логического развития мысли в
абзаце.
Формы передачи информации. Существуют следующие формы передачи
информации: сообщение, описание, повествование и рассуждение. Так, ядро самого простого
типа информации — сообщения — составляют ответы на следующие вопросы: кто, что, когда,
где, как, почему.
15
В текстах психолого-педагогического профиля преобладает тип информации о
ситуации или положении дел, а также комбинированный тип информации (сообщение,
передача высказывания, информация о событии или факте, о ситуации или положении дел,
рассуждение).
Основные виды текстов для чтения
1 учебный;
2 художественный (story —рассказ, play — пьеса, novel — роман);
3 научный и научно-популярный (research work — научный труд, theses —диссертация;
monograph - монография; reference — статья из справочной литературы; article —
журнальная статья; notes — сообщение).
Чтение с полным понимание прочитанного
Цель — полностью понять содержание текста, выделить главную информацию,
передать содержание, оценить его, сравнить с уже известным ранее.
Алгоритм
1. Перед чтением спрогнозируйте по заголовку содержание текста.
2. Читайте текст с полным пониманием, т. е. старайтесь, как можно точнее понять
содержание и смысл читаемого. При этом догадаться о значении слов вам помогут:
—
понятое
содержание
может
подсказать
значение
незнакомого слова;
—
сходство слов со словами родного языка;
—
значение однокоренных слов;
—
разложение сложных существительных на составные
компоненты;
—
использование словаря.
3.
Проверьте, насколько хорошо Вы поняли содержание и смысл текста.
Для этого необходимо:
1.
ответить на вопросы к тексту, позволяющие выделить детали;
2.
самостоятельно поставить вопросы к тексту;
3.
составить развернутый план прочитанного.
4.
Для подготовки пересказа текста необходимо:
4.
найти в тексте и выписать основные ключевые слова и выражения;
5.
составить последовательность фактов и событий;
6.
изложить содержание текста с опорой на ключевые слова и выражения.
5.
Для характеристики какого-либо объекта текста необходимо:
7.
определить объект характеристики;
8.
выписать слова и выражения, относящиеся к определяемому объекту;
9.
описать объект;
10.
высказать свое мнение о нем.
6.
Для подготовки высказывания по проблеме текста следует:
11.
определить исходный тезис;
12.
определить основной материал для аргументирования;
13.
выписать ключевые слова и словосочетания;
14.
аргументировать тезис;
15.
привести примеры.
7.
Для обсуждения проблемы текста следует:
—
выделить предмет обсуждения;
16
1)
2)
3)
4)
8.
5)
6)
9.
7)
8)
выделить информацию о предмете;
выписать ключевые слова и словосочетания;
выразить свое отношение к предмету;
аргументировать свою точку зрения.
Для реферирования текста необходимо:
зафиксировать основные опорные пункты;
распределить информацию по степени важности.
Для аннотирования текста следует:
зафиксировать тему и главную мысль;
выразить свое отношение.
Чтение с пониманием основного содержания
Цель - получить общую информацию о содержании текста, выделить главную
мысль, высказать свое отношение к прочитанному.
Алгоритм

Перед чтением спрогнозируйте по заголовку содержание текста.

Читайте текст с пониманием основного содержания, то есть:
сконцентрируйтесь на основных фактах текста, опуская
второстепенную информацию;
10)
старайтесь охватить взглядом все предложение или его часть;
11)
старайтесь догадаться о значении незнакомых слов или
обратитесь к словарю;
12)
во время чтения подчеркивайте или выписывайте
словосочетания и предложения, несущие основную информацию.
3. Проверьте, поняли ли Вы основные факты текста, определите его основную
мысль. Для этого необходимо:
—
выбрать заголовок из предлагаемых вариантов или
сформулировать самому;
13)
разделить текст на смысловые отрезки;
14)
ответить на вопросы, выделяющие основную информацию.
4.
Для подготовки высказывания следует:
15)
сформулировать главную мысль текста;
16)
сказать, что Вы узнали нового;
17)
кратко изложить основные идеи текста;
18)
высказаться по проблеме текста.
9)
Схема анализа художественного текста
1.
Расскажите известные вам сведения об
авторе:
19)
факты биографии;
20)
историческое время и социальные условия;
21)
основные работы.
2.
Кратко перескажите текст, обращая внимание на:
22)
основное содержание;
23)
представленные факты.
1.
2.
3.
Обозначьте проблему текста.
Сформулируйте основную идею текста.
Дайте общее определение текста:
17
рассказ от третьего лица;
рассказ от первого лица;
повествование с описанием и диалогами героев;
повествование
с
отступлениями
лирическими, психологическими...);
28)
перечисление событий с ироничным
описанием общества (персонажа).
24)
25)
26)
27)
(философскими,
(сатирическим)
1
Определите основное настроение текста: лирическое, драматическое,
трагическое,
веселое,
оптимистическое,
пессимистическое,
мелодраматическое,
сентиментальное, эмоциональное, неэмоциональное, мрачное, саркастическое.
2
Разделите текст на логически завершенные части и озаглавьте их.
3
Определите структуру текста:
1. введение;
2. завязка;
3. кульминация;
4. развязка.
Рекомендуемые клише для анализа текста на английском языке
The article is devoted to ... - Статья посвящена ...
The story represents the conflict between ... — В рассказе представлен конфликт между ...
The basic theme of the story is ... - Основная тема рассказа ...
The problem raised by the author is ... - Проблема, поднятая автором ...
The main problem may be formulated in the following way: ... - Главную проблему
можно сформулировать как ...
In the story the writer dwells upon (raises, touches upon) the problem of... - В рассказе
писатель затрагивает проблему ...
The idea is revealed in the final passage (in the episode where, in concluding sentence) ... —
Идея раскрывается в последнем эпизоде ...
The main idea conveyed by the author is ... - Главная идея автора ...
The general mood of the text is ... - основное настроение текста ...
The extract may be divided into (split into, falls into) 3 logically complete parts. Отрывок можно разделить на три логически законченные части.
They can be entitled as ... - Их можно озаглавить ...
The narration is done in the 1st (the 3rd) person. - Повествование ведётся от третьего
лица.
Рекомендации для написания рефератов, аннотаций
Реферат, составленный по одному источнику, называется монографическим. Структура
реферата строго установлена. Он состоит из двух частей: заголовочной и собственно
реферативной.
В заголовочной части отражается название первоисточника, фамилия автора и
библиографические данные (место издания, издательство, год издания).
Текст собственно реферативной части строится на основе выделенных при чтении
ключевых слов и ключевых фрагментов, большинство из которых могут быть терминами в
данной специальной области.
Реферат, составленный по нескольким работам на одну тему, называется обзорным.
Рекомендуемые клише для оформления реферата
на английском языке
The Paper is called = The title of the Paper is... - Название реферата... The theme of
the Paper is... - Тема реферата...
It is spoken about... - Говорится о... It is said in brief that...
- Кратко говорится о...
18
Reader's attention is drawn to... - Внимание читателей привлекает... The text gives an
information about... - Текст дает информацию о... The following facts are stressed in the
article... - В статье подчеркиваются следующие факты...
The content of the text includes... - Содержание текста охватывает...
The text is devoted to the problem... - Текст посвящен проблеме...
The articles are taken from... - Статьи взяты из...
In the article it is analyzed... - В статье анализируется...
The author characterises... - Автор характеризует...
The author emphasises... -Автор подчеркивает, что...
The author suggests... - Автор предлагает...
The author considers that... - Автор считает, что...
The main (sufficient) part of the research work contains... - Главная часть исследования
содержит...
The text contains statistics about... - Текст содержит статистику о...
In the introductory part the author touches upon... - Во вступительной части автор
касается...
At first it is depicted that... - Во-первых изображается...
Secondly it is revealed that... - Во-вторых обнаруживается, что...
First of all it is stressed that... - В начале ударение делается на...
The author underlines that... - Автор подчеркивает, что...
In concluding paragraphs it is pointed out... - В заключительных параграфах указывается
на...
Summing up the information... — Подводя итог...
Алгоритм составления реферата
3. Оформите заголовочную часть: запишите название первоисточника, фамилию и
инициалы автора (авторов) и библиографические данные.
4.
Пронумеруйте абзацы текста.
5.
Просмотрите текст и определите его главную тему.
6. Внимательно читая текст по абзацам, определите тему и подтемы каждого абзаца
и запишите их вместе с номером абзаца в виде ключевых слов и выражений.
7.
Таким образом Вы составите логический план текста.
8.
Обдумайте последовательность расположения пунктов плана.
9. Выберите из каждого абзаца ключевые фрагменты (отдельные слова или
словосочетания), которые характеризуют выделенные Вами темы и подтемы, запишите их.
Так выявляются смысловые ряды.
10. На материале смысловых рядов составьте текст реферата, используя связующие
специфические выражения и языковые клише.
11.
Прочитайте составленный текст реферата и отредактируйте его.
12. Укажите свою фамилию и инициалы, факультет, курс, номер группы и дату.
Клише для обсуждения реферата
Высказывание
То my mind the Paper is... - По моему мнению, реферат...
From my point of view... - С моей точки зрения... It seems to me
that... - Мне кажется, что...
I would like to express my own opinion on the problem... - Хотелось бы вы сказать свое
мнение по проблеме...
I would like to clarify... - Я хотел бы кое-что прояснить...
I would like to tell something else... - Я хотел бы сказать следующее...
I would like to add... - Я хотел бы добавить...
An example of this would be... - Примером этого будет...
For example... - Например...
19
The point is that... - Смысл в том, что...
Осуждение
I disagree with the position of the author. - Я не согласен с позицией автора. I do not share
the author's point of view. - Я не разделяю точку зрения автора. I have just the opposite idea.
- У меня противоположенное мнение. I can't agree with the author's opinion. - Я не могу
разделить мнение автора.
Согласие
I do share the author's opinion that... - Я разделяю мнение автора в том, что...
I agree with your point of view that... - Я согласен с Вашей точкой зрения, что...
You are defenitely right that... - Несомненно, Вы правы, что...
I fmd this Paper interesting / important. - Я нахожу данный реферат интересным /
важным.
There is no doubt that... - Нет сомнений в том, что...
It goes without saying... - Без сомнений, ...
Сомнение
I am not quite sure that... - Я не вполне уверен, в том что... It seems to me doubtless because...
- Это кажется мне сомнительным, потому что...
I agree to the point but... - Я согласен с этим, но...
I suppose you are right but... - Предполагаю, что Вы правы, но...
I would like to mention that... - Хотелось бы упомянуть, что...
Требование, просьба
I would like to ask a question... - Я хотел бы задать вопрос... Could you tell me more about... —
He могли бы Вы рассказать о... Do you know anything else about... - Знаете ли Вы еще чтонибудь о... Can you confirm the fact? — Вы можете подтвердить... ? I would like to ask you to
tell your opinion about... - Я хотел бы Вас попросить высказать свое мнение о...
Аннотирование текста
Аннотация - короткая справка о печатном произведении, излагающая содержание в
виде перечня его основных вопросов. Аннотация дает представление только о характере
оригинала (книга, статья и т. д.), о его строении (перечень вопросов), о его назначении (на
кого оригинал рассчитан), а также об объеме оригинала (количество страниц). Аннотации
пишутся как на языке оригинала, так и на родном языке. При составлении аннотации
используются языковые клише. Объем аннотации составляет 0,5 страницы.
Структура аннотации стабильна. Она состоит из заголовочной части (на звание оригинала,
фамилия автора, издательство, место и дата издания и др.). Написание собственно
аннотации начинается с чтения текста и нумерации абзацев, определяется ведущая тема
текста, темы и подтемы каждого абзаца, составление логического плана текста в виде
перечня тем и подтем текста. Клише, используемые при составлении аннотации:
а) клише, начинающие аннотацию и вводящие в главную тему:
The article (text) is called...
The title of the article (text) is...
The article (text) is published in...
The article is printed in...
The article consists of...
The article is devoted to...
The text touches upon the problem...
In the introductory part the author points out...
в) клише, оформляющие основную мысль произведения:
The author raises the problem of...
The main part of the text informs about...
The article contains statistics about...
с) клише, оформляющие выводы автора оригинала: In the concluding paragraphs it is pointed
out... Summing up the information it is important to say that... Generalizing the information it is
20
necessary to say that... В конце аннотации указывается фамилия, инициалы составителя,
факультет, курс, группа, дата составления.
Например:
Annotation
The article is called "English for specific purposes in Russia: a historical perspective". The
article is published in Journal "ESP Russia" in January, 1996. Volume 1. It is written by Tamara
Nazarova, Professor of Moscow State University. The article is devoted to historical development
of an approach of language teaching which is directed by specific and apparent reasons for learning.
The author raises two problems for identification. The 1st is: What is the meaning of the word
ESP? And the 2nd: How to use it? In the concluding paragraphs it is pointed out that ESP
methodology has been consistently applied to intellectual communication at large. Summing up the
information it is important to say that as it is shown, terminologies of us age differ in various
sciences, but the category of reproduction allows the learner to acquire proficiency in the use of
neutral "prefabricated units"
21
МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНЫХ И ИТОГОВОЙ АТТЕСТАЦИЙ
Темы для устного пересказа на экзамене в конце IVсеместра
1. My family.
2. My typical working day.
3. My typical day off.
4. An account of a typical day at Oxford University and a day off.
5. The city I live in.
6. Moscow, the capital of Russia.
7. Let’s walk and talk about Moscow.
8. The history of education.
9. From the History of Education.
10. Heinrich Pestalozzi.
11. The university I study at.
12. Moscow State Teachers Training Institute.
13. Great Britain.
14. Geography of Great Britain.
Образцы текстов для чтения и перевода на экзамене в конце IVсеместра
WALTER SCOTT
Walter Scott was a great writer, the creator of the historical novel. The novels of the
"Scottish enchanter", as Alexander Sengeyeyich Pushkin called him, deal with heroic episodes of
the past, and with profound changes in the life of the Scottish people and of the whole, of Europe.
In some of his works there are fine chapters describing the national liberation struggle.
Walter Scott's great talent enormously impressed his contemporaries. Pushkin was one of
the first to understand the importance of Scott's novels, and called them "food for the soul".
Even in his youth he was thrilled by Walter Scott's novels, and in 1830 wrote an article,
stressing the writer's new approach in depicting history. Pushkin thought highly of the
Shakespearean tradition of depicting history as seen in Walter Scott's works, and praised the
reality of his characters.
22
Other classic Russian writers have highly appraised Walter Scott's Wavertey Novels.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, for instance, called the famous Scotsman "a great genius".The poet
Denis Davydov, one of the organizers of the partisan movement during the Napoleonic invasion of
Russia, was in correspondence with Walter Scott, who had sent him his portrait. Mikhail Yuryevich
Lermontov admitted that he was influenced by the general popularity of Walter Scott in Russia, and
portrayed Pechorin in his well-known novel A Hero of Our Time reading a novel by Walter Scott
before the duel "carried away by its magic fantasy". Walter Scott's verses have been translated by
well-known Russian poets and by many poets in Soviet times.
Papers on Walter Scott written by Soviet scholars of literature have received international
recognition. A short time ago a new 20-volume edition of the collected works of the novelist
came out in the Russian language. The total print of Walter Scott's books published in the Soviet
Union runs to over 10 million copies.
Walter Scott was closely interested in Russia, her history and her culture. He even started
to write the story of Napoleon's 1812 campaign in Russia and there are numerous warm comments
of his on Russian heroes of the war, many of whom he met in Paris.
Early Russian literature also aroused Walter Scott's interest. He was the first in Britain to
read The Lay of Igor's Host and appreciated the artistic mastery of this precious relic of old Russian
literature long in advance of others.
Soviet people regard the popularity of Walter Scott in our country as a highlight in the
history of friendly contacts between the peoples of the USSR and Great Britain.
A GLANCE AT THE EARLY HISTORY OF BRITAIN
The earliest inhabitants of the British Isles were men of Celtic race. The Celts migrated to
Britain from the continent of Europe and were closely connected by political and cultural ties with
the Celtic tribes of northern France. These Celts were known as Britons. They lived in clan land
were not united.
In 55 В. С Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar.4 He revealed the country to the Roman
world but he did not conquer it. The conquest of Britain was undertaken later by the Emperor
Claudius and was completed by the end of the first century. The Roman occupation lasted for nearly
four hundred years, until the beginning of the 5th century and had a great effect on the development
of the country. During this period Britain changed greatly. The Romans built roads, walls, cities and
baths. They developed trade and agriculture. But they had to keep a large army in readiness to put
down rebellions.
In the year 410 the Romans were confronted with imminent danger at home and had to
recall their legions. The island was left to itself, open to attack from the Scots in the north and to
invasion from the continent. The invaders were Angles, Saxons and Jutes, tribes from the
continent north of the continent of Europe. The Anglo-Saxon invaders drove the Britons into the
mountainous parts of the country in the west. Later this part of Britain became known as Wales and
the people were called Welsh.
For many years the country was ruined. The towns were destroyed, except, perhaps,
London. Everything that remained of Roman culture was destroyed. The agricultural lands again
became forest.
The invaders set up small kingdoms, among which there was constant war. By the 8th
century there were four, which warred against each other. The kingdom of the Angles,
Northumbrian was the strongest for a time and from it came England, the name for the whole
country.
At the end of the 8th century new invaders came to the coasts of Britain. They were the
Danes, kinsmen to the Angles and Saxons. They came up the rivers of Northumbria from the North
Sea and settled in the land. The Anglo-Saxons fought bravely, but they could not drive them out.
But as they were closely related to the English tribes in language and in blood, their presence in the
23
country was at last accepted. They were absorbed in the mass of the people and assimilated. Traces
of their language can, however, still be seen in place-names in the northeast of England.
England was invaded again in the middle of the 11th century. This time the invaders came
from Normandy — the northern part of France. The Normans brought with them their customs
and culture, the French language and literature. They were originally of like blood and like
speech of the English, but they had become French in manner and. language. In England they
felt that the language of the people was familiar to them, and by the 13th century they often
spoke and even wrote in English. The effect of the Norman Conquest on the development of the
English language, however, was great.
EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE
If we wish to trace English literature back to its very beginnings, we must go back to the
days of the Angles and Saxons. These men were bold and fearless, they loved fighting and
adventure and were not afraid of the perils of the sea. They brought to Britain their sagas in which
the supernatural was mixed with the real. The most famous of them was Beowulf, a poem of more
than 3000 lines, which included a number of earlier sagas.
In about fifty years, beginning with the year 597, when the first missionaries came from
Rome, the small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms accepted the Christian religion. Monasteries were built
and they became important centres of learning. The first books were written there, records and
letters were collected and kept.
The first true old English poem appeared in the 7th century in the Anglia kingdom of
Northumbria. It was written by a man named Cadmon. He was a servant at a monastery and his
songs were religions in essence. His songs were written down by the monks and copied from
monastery to monastery.
We know of Cadmon from the works of Bede, who was also a Northumbrian, and spent all
his life in the same monastery. When he did in 735 at the age of sixty-two, he left forty-five
works in which all the knowledge of his time was accumulated. He wrote on theology,
philosophy, grammar, rhetoric, medicine, music, astronomy, meteorology and arithmetic. Bede's
Ecclesiastical History is the best existing authority for Early England.
Then came Cynewulf, who was born in the early 9th century. He was the greatest of the
northern singers. Cynewulf was the last of the Northumbrian poets, for the Danish invasion had
begun. The monasteries of Northumbria, once centres of European learning, were destroyed and
the whole of Northumbria was occupied and settled by the Danes.
Learning changed its seat from the North to the South. Alfred, king of Wessex, set up
schools in his monasteries. It was in Alfred's reign that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle became a
full narrative of events, and was carefully edited.
After the Norman Conquest French became the language of the court and the nobles. It
was the language of law, of schools and of literature. The Church and science used Latin. English
was practically forgotten as a literary language. But dialects of it were spoken by the people, by the
peasants. Poems, stories, religious tales were now written not in the standard West-Saxon English
of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle but in the dialect of the district where the writer lived. Translations
of French poems and stories were very popular.
By the middle of the 14th century English was spoken at the king's court and laws were
written in English, in the dialect of London, Oxford and Cambridge. The poet Chaucer used this
language, which now rose to the dignity of a national tongue. At this time John Wyclif translated
the Bible into a dialect of English. It was a great work which helped very much to fix and preserve
the words of the English language.
24
THE SEAS
Great Britain is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the north, north-west and south-west. From
the European continent it is separated by the North Sea, the Straight of Dover (Pas de Calais) and
the English Channel (La Manche — a French name meaning «a sleeve»). The North Sea and the
English Channel are often called the «Narrow Seas». On the west Great Britain is separated from
Ireland by the Irish Sea, the North Channel and St. George's Channel. The most important sea
routes pass through the English Channel and the North Sea linking Europe with America.
Great Britain is very irregularly shaped, being deeply indented by numerous gulfs of the sea.
Owing to the numerous bays and inlets no point in Great Britain is as much as 75 miles (121 km)
from the sea.
The seas surrounding the British Isles are rather shallow — less than 91 metres because the
islands lie on the continental shelf. It can be proved by the fact that to the north-west along the edge
of the shelf the sea floor plunges abruptly from 183 metres to 914. The shallow waters are
important because they provide excellent fishing grounds as well as breeding grounds for fish.
The original connection of the British Isles with the continent can be further proved by the fact
that the chalk ridge which ends in the cliffs of Dover reappears on the coast of France opposite, and
the position and quality of the coal layers beneath the chalk in Kent have very much in common
with those in northern France.
Still further proof of the continental origin of the British Isles are the remains of elephants and
extinct species of other animals and plants found in Britain. They help to establish the dates when
the British Isles became separated from the continent. The remains of elephants prove that the
English Channel was formed after these animals had reached the continent. Obviously, in the Ice
age the first human inhabitants of Britain were able to migrate from the continent on foot long
before man learned boatmaking.
CHANNEL TUNNEL
The idea of a tunnel under the sea between Britain and France has been put forward a number of
times over the last 200 years. Even Napoleon had a plan to dig a tunnel and conquer England. On
several occasions, constructions were actually started.
One of the first people who tried to dig a tunnel under the Channel was a French mining
engineer,
Albert Mathieu by name. His tunnel collapsed. In 1881 Colonel Beamont and Captain English from
Britain also tried to dig a tunnel. Their tunnel went six km out into the Channel. Queen Victoria
stopped them saying it was dangerous to have a link with France. It was a very good tunnel and it
still survives today.
The latest abandoned project was that of 1975. In 1987 a new Anglo-French group called
Eurotunnel was chosen to construct a system which was to link the road and railworks of Britain
and France. The «Channel», as it is commonly known, was opened on 6 May 1994. It took 10 years
to built it. There are two rail tunnels and a service tunnel, each nearly 50 km long. Lorry and car
drivers take their vehicles onto special trains and stay inside their lorries and cars for the 20 minute
journey through the tunnel. Foot passengers sit in a normal train compartment. Direct trains already
run from London to Paris and Brussels. The high-speed rail track is not due to open until 2002 at
the earliest. There is also a possibility that a seperate road tunnel for cars and lorries will be built in
the future. The tunnel is the largest undersea tunnel in the world.
25
RIVERS
The rivers of Britain are very short. Their direction and character are determined by the position
of the mountains. Most of the rivers flow in the eastward direction since the west coast is
mountainous.
Due to the humid climate the water-level is always high. The rivers seldom freeze in winter,
most of them remain ice-free but they are not navigable for ocean ships.
The most important rivers are the Severn (354 km), the Thames (346 km), the Trent, the Aire,
the Ouse, the Clyde, the Tweed, the Tees, the Tyne, the Tay, the Eden.
The Tay is the longest river in Scotland (118-miles). Part of the border between Scotland and
England is along the lower reaches of the Tweed, near which the woolen fabric bearing the same
name is produced. The Severn flows along the border between England and Wales. One of its
tributaries is the Avon with its Stratford, glorified by Shakespeare. The swiftest flowing river in the
British Isles is the Spey flowing across the southern Highlands of Scotland.
ISLANDS
The Isle of White is a part of Hampshire. Since the Victorian times it was adopted as a holiday
island and tourism has been its bread and butter ever since. The island, 23 miles from west to east
and 13 miles from north to south, is far smaller than Greater London and is known for its beauty
and variety of scenery. A morning drive can cover most of the better-known places. In summer the
island is crowded with visitors, its safe bathing and enviable sunshine making it ideal for family
holidays. Newport is «capital» of the Isle of Wight, standing at the head of the River Medina. It is a
market town and its Saturday market has been known since 1184. The main industries are plastics,
manufacturing woodwork, milling, brewing and mineral water manufacture. Newport has an
excavated Roman villa, and many attractive 17th century houses and a guildhall, designed by the
19th century architect John Nash.
Carisbrooke is the old capital of the island, with a mighty 12th century Norman castle, built on
the site of a Roman fort. Charles I was imprisoned there in 1647-48, and his son Henry and
daughter Elizabeth came as prisoners in 1650. Cowes is Britain's yachting «capital». There is
Cowes Castle, built by Henry VIII, and the Royal Yacht Squadron is housed there. Its 22 brass guns
stand ready on Victoria Parade to start races and fire Royal Salutes. Osborne House, one mile
south-east, was Queen Victoria's home at the time of her death in 1901. Prince Albert and Thomas
Cubitt together designed it as an Italian villa. Visitors can see the state and private apartments,
furnished as they were in Queen Victoria's time.
Nearby is Norris Castle, where the young Princess Victoria frequently stayed with her mother.
Ryde is one of the main Gateways to the Isle of Wight, having a half a mile long pier built in 1813.
Its electric railway built in 1880 was one of the first in the world. Ryde has 5 miles of excellent
sandy beach. The island is known for its St. Catherine's lighthouse, warning ships in the Channel of
the coastline's dangers, and for its multi-coloured sandstone. Island souvenirs show their 12 distinct
shades of sand.
WILDLIFE
The fauna of the British Isles is, in general, similar to that of North-western Europe, though
there are fewer species. Some of the larger mammals, including the wolf, the bear, the boar and the
reindeer, have become extinct. About 50 land mammals are still found in the UK. Different deer
(red, roe, fallow) protected for sporting reasons flourish in Scotland and wooden areas of Southern
England. The badger is rarely seen but there are many foxes in most rural areas, and otters are
26
found along many rivers and streams. Both common and grey seals may be seen on various parts
of the coast. Smaller mammals include mice, rats, voles, shrews, hedgehogs, squirrels, moles.
Birds are numerous. About 460 species of birds have been recorded in the British Isles. Some 200
species breed, the rest are regular migrants or pass through the country. Visitors to Britain are often
struck by the abundance, variety and tameness of song birds in towns and villages. All British wild
birds are protected. The principal exceptions are those considered injurious to agriculture and birds
shot for sport in the open season.
Fish are numerous, both sea fish and fresh water fish. About 30 kinds of freshwater fish are
found in the waters of Great Britain. Salmon, trout, pike, roach, dace, perch and carp are most
widely distributed.
Reptiles and amphibians are few. But they are plentiful where conditions suit them.
There are more than 21000 different kinds of insects, most of them small. Among the largest
are the rare swallowtail butterfly (8 to 10 cm) and the stag beetle (6 cm). The insect fauna in
Britain is less varied than that of continental Europe and lacks a number of common European
species.
MIGRATION WAVES
From the beginning of the 15th century until the 20th the balance of emigration was markedly
outward due to colonial expansions. During the 19th century over 20 mln people left Britain for
destinations outside Europe, mainly in the Commonwealth and the United States.
But since 1930s the balance of Migration for Britain was inward. Many emigrants began to return.
The dismantling of the Empire has been a gradual process accompanied by the great inflow of
people to Britain. Right up until 1962 the citizens of the huge area of the former Empire had the
automatic right to live and work in Britain.
Many Irish people came to England in 1845 to escape famine, to find work. Most of the roads,
railways and canals built in the 19th century, were made by Irish workers. The greatest wave of
immigration was in the 1950s and 1960s. Many companies needed people for unskilled or semiskilled jobs. Britain advertised and many people came from the Caribbean islands, from Pakistan,
Bangladesh, India and Hong Kong. People came here in search of better life, political or religious
freedom. British government and people regarded this as a threat to the health of the nation: it
increased unemployment, worsened living conditions. It was in these circumstances that the
Government introduced the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 which gave it power to restrict
the number of people from the Commonwealth, especially from the Irish Republic. Another Act
was passed in 1968 and still another in 1971. The last has sharply reduced the number of people
allowed to stay in Britain.
Дополнительные тексты для чтения и перевода
DENTIFYING THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
1.
The first step in planning work for the exceptional child is to discover his presence
in the classroom. Certain physical handicaps are apparent. Others are easily discovered
through the use screening tests, physical examinations,1 and mental tests. Certain children
with special health problems or with minor degrees of physical impairment or emotional
maladjustment are discovered
through observation.
2.
Child time is playtime, and the child who is not happy, active, interested is a sick
child, men
27
3.
4.
5.
6.
tally, physically, or emotionally, or possibly in all three ways.2 In many instances, helping
the child to gain and maintain good physical health and stamina3 will result in the
elimination or minimizing of his emotional problems. He is then capable of making
maximum use of his mental endowments.
Hence, a teacher should be so attentive to a child's words and actions that no sign of
physical or emotional difficulty will escape her. A child's drowsiness, excessive thirst or
frequent trips to the toilet, complaints of aches and pains in arms or legs may indicate the
beginning of a serious health problem. If these symptoms are investigated early and their
causes treated adequately, a long period of severe and devastating illness may be
prevented. A child who cries easily, one who is always tired and languid, one who is
cross, irritable, and not co-operative is trying in his way to tell of him physical needs and
troubles. Sometimes glassy and at other times dull eyes, lusterless hair, pale 01
heightened facial colour, scaly or dry skin may also indicate the need for attention.
The slightest sign of trouble in a child should be observed by the teacher and, if the
conditior seems persistent or acute, it should be reported to the school nurse for immediate
attention. Under no circumstances should the teacher diagnose or prescribe treatment. By
her alertness in observing symptoms of illness and promptness in reporting her
observations the teacher will do her part tо stop serious sickness.
The teacher should know what facilities and services are available in the country, and
state for diagnosis and treatment of handicapped children and what procedure should be
used in referring children to the proper agency.
If the school district does not employ a school nurse, the responsibility of seeing
that such children are referred to an agency that can assist the parents may devolve
upon the teacher. The teacher should also know where she can obtain assistance in
planning activities and adjusting the curriculum to help the exceptional children enrolled in
her class.
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF THE
SOVIET AND ENGLISH SYSTEM OF
EDUCATION
1.
It has become a tradition for the children of our country to bring flowers to school on the first
of September. Both for teachers and schoolchildren the beginning of a new year is a red-letter day.1
2. All those who have 8-year schooling will either be staying on at school or will pursue their
education at technicums and vocational technical schools.
3. For some time it has been sought by our teachers, specialists in pedagogics and psychology to
bring the curricula in line with technology and culture. The commission which was set up some
years ago, found it possible to change over from four-year primary school to 3 year. It being known
that the curriculum of the primary school includes foundations of algebra and geometry. Before this
reform began to be implemented in broad scales, experiments had been concluded in separate
schools.
4. Rudiments of science" are taught already in the fourth form. New school curricula envisage
also the instruction of the elements of higher mathematics, geometry, genetics in the senior classes
of secondary schools.
5. Our school-graduates needn't worry about jobs. The graduates are so much in demand, that
it's out of the question that someone of them remains without work.
6. And now it would be interesting to compare the Soviet system of education with that of Eng
land.
7. To begin with, in Britain school starts at the age of five. Between the age of 5 and 7 children
go to infant school, and between the age of 7 to 11 to junior school.
8. Until recently all children at the age of 10 or 11 had to take examination which determined
their future. Those who failed in their 11-plus exams were considered to be "nongrammar types"
28
and had to go to modern schools. And that means no General Certificate of Education 3 (GCE) and
no college education. And it's only natural that children from a background of poverty and
unemployment should be less developed at this early stage than their luckier schoolmates from
middle-class background.
9. They don't have a unified system of secondary education in Britain. Until some time ago they
had a tripartite system: that is modern schools, grammar schools and technical schools. There are
big differences in the time devoted by each type of school to the same subjects. As a result of selective education children of poor families are deprived of the chance to catch up later. For it is much
easier to gain a university place if you have attended a grammar school.
10. Thus, it turns out, that though the compulsory school age is the same for all children, practically the level of the child's knowledge depends on the type of school. The answer to this is com
prehensive schooling. A comprehensive school is a school for all pupils of secondary school age in
a school district. These schools should cover all the work done in grammar, modern and technical
schools. They offer a wide range of general and vocational subjects.
11. It should be noted, that there is no general leaving examinations in Britain, but children who
enter grammar schools are expected to sit for their GCE exams on the ordinary level soon after their
16th birthday.
12. The stage is now set for the education reform to be carried through to finality in the near fu
ture. It is quite usual for children from the middle and upper classes in Britain to follow an educational career, for they usually have full-time schooling and have no trouble entering the university.
Indeed there is every reason for upper classes to claim that education has become more available in
Britain than it used to be. But in fact, the children from working background have been waiting for
equal opportunities with those of the upper class already for ages.
GEORGE GORDON BYRON
1. George Gordon Byron was born in London, on January 22, 1788. His father, an army officer.
died when the future poet was three years old. Byron spent the first ten years of his life in Scotland.
He attended Grammar school' in Aberdean. In 1798 George's grand-uncle died and the boy inherited the title of baron. Then he was sent to Harrow School. At seventeen he entered Cambridge
University.
2. While a student Byron published his first collection of poems "Hours of Idleness" (1807). It
was attacked by a well-known critic who suggested that Byron should not write any more poems in
future.
In 1808 Byron graduated from the University and received his Master of Arts degree, and next
year took his hereditary seat in the House of Lords.
In 1812 Byron made his first speech in the House of Lords. He spoke in defence of the English
proletariat and blamed the Government for the unbearable conditions of the life of the workers.
3. In 1816 he wrote his "Song for the Luddites" in which he raised his voice in defence of the
oppressed workers, encouraging them to fight for freedom.
When the first two cantos of "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" were published, they were received
with enthusiasm by his contemporaries and Byron became famous.
Between 1813 and 1816 Byron composed his "Oriental Tales", "The Corsair", "Lara" and others. The hero of each poem is a rebel against society. He is proud and independent and rises against
tyranny and injustice to gain his personal freedom and happiness. But his revolt is too individualistic and therefore it is doomed to failure.3
4. In 1816 he left for Switzerland. There he wrote his dramatic poem "Manfred" (1817). In 1817
he left for Italy. The Italian period (1817—1823) influenced by revolutionary ideas may be considered to be the summit of Byron's poetical career. In "Don Juan" (1819— 1824) he depicts Europe
in the 19th century and gives a broad panorama of contemporary life.
29
The War of Greece against the Turks attracted his attention. Byron longed for action and went
to Greece to take part in the straggle for national independence. Soon after his arrival he was seized
with fever and died in 1824 at the age of 36.
CHARLES DICKENS
Charles Dickens, a great English writer, was born on the 7th of February, 1812, in a
small English town. He was a weak child and didn't like to take part in noisy and active games. The
little boy was very clever and learnt to read at an early age. He read a lot of books in his childhood.
When he was about six, someone took him to theatre for the first time. He saw a play by Shakespeare and liked it so mush that he decided to write a play of his own. When it was ready, he performed it with some of his friends. Everybody enjoyed the performance, and the little writer felt
very happy.
When Dickens was nine years old, the family moved to London where they lived in an
old house in the suburbs. They had a very hard life. There were several younger children in the
family besides Charles. The future writer couldn't even go to school, because at that time his father
was in the Marshalsea Debtor's Prison. There was nobody in London to whom Mr. Dickens could
go for money, and his wife with all the children except Charles went to join him in the prison. The
family lived there until Mr. Dickens could pay his debts. Those were the most unhappy days of all
Charles' life. The boy worked from early morning till late at night to help his family. Charles was
only able to start going to school when he was nearly twelve, and his father was out of prison. He
very much wanted to study, but he didn't finish his schooling. After two years of school he began
working again. He had to work hard to earn his living, and tried very many trades, but he did not
like any of them.
His ambition was to study and become a well-educated man. At the age of fifteen he often went to the famous library of British Museum. He spent a lot of time in the library readingroom. He read and studied there and in this way he got an education.
Later Dickens described his childhood and youth in some of his famous novels, among
them «Little Dorrit» and «David Copperfield».
THE BRONTE FAMILY
The story of the famous and talented Bronte family is strange and unusual.
The Bronte children - five girls and a boy - lived with their father and aunt in Yorkshire.
All the children were in poor health. Two of the girls died while they were still at school Bramwell.
The boy was good at writing poetry but he died at the age of 31. Anne, who wrote poetry and two
novels, died at 29. Emily, who became world famous as the author of «Wuthering Heights»,
died a year after the book was published in 1847. Charlotte, the author of the wonderful novel «Jane
Eyre», was the only one strong enough to go out into the world and live her own life for a while.
But even she died at the early age of 39.
It was nearly impossible to believe that these wonderful books were written by young women
who had not seen anything of the world except the life of their own family. Nobody knew that the
Bronte children had learned to write stories while they were playing. They didn't like to play noisy
games. The game they liked best of all was writing little stories of their own. All this was only
found out in 1930 by an American university librarian who studied some of the toys and handwritten little books found in the house the Bronte family had lived.
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
30
The first attempts to create a literary language date from the 1 lth century. The development
of a Russian literary language was complicated by the parallel existence of the Church Slavonic
literary language which was closely related to Russian. The Russia literary language began very
early to become a common language for all Eastern Slavs. The struggle and interaction between the
Russian and the Church Slavonic literary languages resulted in the domination of Church
Slavonic in the fifteenth century, while literary Russian was retained only in ukazes,
correspondence, memoirs. Fiction and all the orthodox literature of that period were written in
Church Slavonic.
The final standardization of the Russian literary language is linked with the name of. M.V.
Lomonosov, the founder of Russian linguistics, who laid down the rules of literary language in his
Russian Grammar. The basic of this new literary language was the old Russian literary language
enriched by the addition of words from European and church Slavonic languages. The mixture of
these languages is clear from the vocabulary of the first six-volume academic Slavonic and Russian
Dictionary.
The Russian poet Karamzin and his literary heirs, especially Pushkin, refined the Russian
literary language still further. In 1817 a bitter controversy was raging between the followers of
Shishkov and Karamzin concerning the proper language of literature, Shishkov championed the superiority of Church-Slavic over the language of common people, as well as over the Frenchified
speech of cultivated Russians. Pushkin wages a vigorous campaign in behalf of the language which
he himself used with unequalled power and beauty - the autochthonous speech of the Russian
people.
The spoken language of the Moscow region (the basic of the Russian literary language)
became a common language for the Russian nation.
LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE TEACHING
The language teacher's aim in regard to a language is not the same as the aim of a
descriptive linguist. The teacher is not simply concerned with its systematic description and
analysis, but with facilitating the acquisition of a language other than their mother tongue by other
people. Linguists describe and analyse many languages that will never be taught to others. They
may even be on the verge of extinction; indeed, books, texts, or even languages themselves, which
are utterly irrelevant to the teacher, may make it of especial interest to the general linguist. But
it is to be hoped and believed that the techniques and methods of scientific linguistics will aid and
improve the work of the language teacher.
Linguistic science has been stimulated and nourished all the time by the work of language
teachers. They have provided linguists with a great deal of their material, and the problems and
difficulties they encountered stimulated linguistic research. The science of language owes much to
the work of people who would never claim for themselves the title of general linguists. But it may
be believed that the teacher who understands and can make use of the methods of scientific
linguistics will find the task of presenting a language to his students very much lightened and
facilitated. In particular the intuitive feeling for correctness in a language on which teachers have
often relied as a fruit of their long experience will be replaced by an objective and publicly
communicable know-ledge of its elements and structures, which can be systematically imparted to
others.
Long ago different events in the world started attracting attention to the needs and
advantages of close contacts between linguists and teachers of languages. For example, sudden
requirements for numbers of persons to be rapidly trained in particular aspects and styles of
languages spoken in some areas in the Second World War made a profound impact on linguistic
work in Great Britain and America. The results of such work have contributed greatly to the
programmes of language teaching, and particularly to the teaching of English in many parts of the
31
world today. Many linguists devote much of their time to the study and development of teaching
methods and the improvement of teaching materials in the service of English as a foreign language.
THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF BOOKS
Why are so many people fond of reading? The world of books is full of wonders. Reading
books you can find yourself in different lands, countries, islands, seas and oceans. Together with the
characters of the book you go by ship in the stormy sea, you climb high mountains, you fly into
space, you have a lot of adventures. There are authors and characters famous all over the world.
Who hasn't read «Alice in Wonderland» by Lewis Carrol? or «The Adventures of Tom Sawyer»
by Mark Twain? or «Mowgli» by Rudyard Kipling? Who hasn't travelled with Mary Poppins to
her imaginary world? Who hasn't imagined himself to be Robinson Crusoe on the deserted island?
We enjoy the beauty and wisdom of fairy-tales and fables which teach us to be kind and
clever, to be hard-working, to be brave and honest, to understand other people. Books help us to be
true friends. They teach us to understand the beauty of nature, to take care of it, to love our
homeland. As there are many different people in the world so there are many different books. An
English author once wrote: "Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few
to be chewed and digested". This quotation tells us how to read books of different kinds. Most
travel books are to be tasted; it's enough to dip into them and read bits here and there. If you're fond
of detective stories (Agatha Christie, Simenon and the rest of the modern favourites), you will
read them quickly, you'll swallow them. And then there are books that you'll read slowly and
carefully. If a book is on an important subject and a subject you're interested in, you'll want to
chew and digest it.
You can find all kinds of books at the library. Almost every city has a public library.
There is a library at every school, institute or university, which is rich in books on different
subjects. You can find there any book you like. Sometimes it is difficult to choose a book. Then
you ask a librarian to help you.
PROVERBS
A proverb is a traditional saying which offers advice or presents a moral in a short and pithy
manner. Paradoxically, many phrases which are called 'proverbial' are not proverbs as we now
understand the term. The confusion dates from before the eighteenth century, when the term
'proverb' also covered metaphorical phrases, similes, and descriptive epithets, and was used far
more loosely than it is today. Nowadays we would normally expect a proverb to be cast in the form
of a sentence.
Proverbs fall readily into three main categories. Those of the first type take the form of
abstract statements expressing general truth, such as Absence makes the heart grow fonder and
Nature abhors a vacuum. Proverbs of the second type, which include many of the more colourful
examples, use specific observations from everyday experience to make a point which is general; for
instance, You can take a horse to water, but you can't make it drink and Don't pull all your eggs
in one basket. The third type of proverb comprises sayings from particular areas of traditional
wisdom and folklore. In this category are found, for example, the health proverbs After dinner rest a
while, after supper walk a mile and Feed a cold and starve a fever. These are frequently classical
maxims rendered into the vernacular. In addition, there are traditional country proverbs which relate
to husbandry, the seasons, and the weather, such as Red sky at night, shepherd's delight; red sky in
the morning, shepherd's warning and When the wind is in the east, 'tis neither good for man nor
beast.
32
It is sometimes said that the proverb is going out of fashion, or that it has degenerated into
the cliche. Such views overlook the fact that while the role of the proverb in English literature has
changed, its popular currency has remained constant. In medieval times, and even as late as the
seventeenth century, proverbs often had the status of universal truths and were used to confirm or
refute an argument. Lengthy lists of proverbs were compiled to assist the scholar in debate; and
many sayings from Latin, Greek, and the continental languages were drafted into English for this
purpose. By the eighteenth century, however, the popularity of the proverbs had declined in the
work of educated writers, who began to ridicule it as a vehicle for trite, conventional wisdom. The
proverb has nonetheless retained its popularity as a homely commentary on life and as a reminder
that the wisdom of our ancestors may still be useful to us today.
Контрольные работы
Контрольная paбoтa № 1 (1 семестр)
1. Подчеркните правильную форму глагола в следующих предложениях:
Образец: I don’t understand /I am not understanding
1. They usually visit / are visiting their parents on Saturdays.
2. My brother travels / is traveling in Thailand at the moment.
3. I start / am starting work at eight every morning and finish / am finishing at about
four.
4. He likes / is liking old books.
5. Oh, John, hurrу up! Clare waits / is waiting for you at the station.
6. Excuse me. I look for / am looking for Station Road.
7. Look at him! He is doing the walk, but he hares / is hating it.
8. It's my first time here and I love / am loving this place.
9. I don't believe / am not believing it! You are smoking!
10. She will be proud of you. You understand / are understanding English
2. Поставьте глаголы данные в скобках, в отрицательную форму соответствующего
времени:
Образец:
You ... (be) at the Institute yesterday.
You weren’t at the Institute yesterday.
I ... (work) today.
She ... (study) on Sundays.
They ... (play) tennis tomorrow
We ... (go) on holiday last year.
I ... (can hear)you.
He... (listen) to his teacher yesterday.
I ... (be going) to join you. I am busy.
You ... (must do) the stopping. I have done it.
3. Напишите следующие прилагательные в сравнительной степени:
Образец:
cheap – cheaper
important – more in
1. nice– … ,1ate–…, thin–…, big– …, slow–…, easy– …, heavy– …,early – …, old –
..., far – …, good– …, bad– …,
33
2. expensive – ..., beautiful– …,. modem –…,polite–…, tired– …, difficult –…,
interesting –..., important–…, careful – …, impressive– ….
4. Установите правильный порядок слов в следующих предложениях:
Образец: It’s hobby very relaxing hobby.








We play twice a week basketball.
I can write very well English.
They together do the homework.
She’s going next week to paint her flat.
We will a flight to Berlin book.
I take shoes size six.
This coat is not enough long.
Look at those brown beautiful sandals!
5. Поставьте вопросы к ответам, приведенным ниже:
Образец:
It’s a tin opener.
What’s this?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I am 22.
We are playing the violin.
She lives in Moscow.
He cannot swim.
No, they don’t.
Yes? I am.
Very well.
My car is green.
6. Закончите предложения словами, начинающимися с some-, any-, every-, or noОбразец:
I looked for my watch ….
I looked for my watch everywhere.
I couldn’t find a parking place …
… enjoys having a holiday.
Let’s go … this year.
… likes me. I haven’t got any true friends.
Have you got … to eat?
No, sorry. There’s … in the fridge.
I saw … in the garden last night. He was definitely a stranger.
I don’t know …
Is … here? I cannot see …
… must learn English. It is spoken all over the world!
34
Контрольная работа № 2 (2 семестр)
1. Переделайте следующие предложения, употребив глагол в Passive voice.
Образец: They invited him – He was invited.
1. They will carry out this experiment next week.
2. He wrote this book 10 years ago.
3. They've asked hi ma lot of questions.
4. Somebody has left all the documents in the office,
5. One praises a pupil when he works hard.
6. People will forget his play in a few years time.
7. Somebody built this house last year.
8. They will discuss his paper tomorrow.
9. The have opened the conference.
10. Someone has typed all the texts.
11. Nobody heard the sound.
12. People always admire this picture.
2. Переделайте предложения, употребив необходимую форму прошедшего
времени.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
It is clear that he is right.
They claim that they are trying to read an argument on all the issues.
He says that the lecture is very interesting.
They complain that he has been rude to them.
The witness insists that he hasn't seen the man.
She says that She has been having strange dreams for a long time.
He insists that he is innocent.
Our correspondent reports that the rate of unemployment is rising in Britain.
3. Преобразуйте следующие предложения, используя глагол to wish.
Образен: It's a pity I haven't accepted their invitation. I wish I had accepted their invitation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
It's a pity I don't live nearer to my work.
Tin sorry I don't know French.
It's a pity 1 am not a doctor.
I'm sorry I didn't stay in my last job.
I'm sorry you aren't coining with us.
I'm sorry 1 have no chance to speak English every day.
I'm sorry I haven't supported them.
4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя активную или пассивную форму герундия.
Образец: He hated (to give) advice to other people (active). He hated giving advice to other
people.
He hated (to give) advice by other people (passive). He hated being given advice by other
people.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
She avoided (to express) her opinion in public (active)
She avoided (to see) in their company (passive)
He hated (to argue) with his colleagues (active)
He hated (to disturb) at lunch time (passive)
They insisted on (to change) the regulations (active)
35
6. Me insisted on (to send) a copy of the documents (passive)
7. Lots of people prefer (to record) their thoughts (to write) them down (active, active)
8. Would he mind to ask a few questions? (passive)
9. Would you mind (to answer) a few questions? (active)
10. He remembered (to warn) them about the danger (active)
11. He remembered (to warn) about the danger (passive)
5. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную временную форму глагола.
Образец: If it (not rein), we (go) to the park. If it doesn't rain, we’ll go to the park.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I (phone) and thank her if I (not have time) to write.
If you (not take) your medicine, you (not gel better).
We (not able) to come if we (not get) a babysitter.
If she (not hurry), she (miss) the bus.
If we (book) tickets today, we (get) better seats.
6. Перепишите предложения. Найдите в них Participle I и Participle II.
Определите их форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите.
1. The man speaking to the student is the Head of the Department.
2. All the roads leading to the center of the city were blocked by trucks.
3. Most of the scientists invited to the conference were leading, specialists in various
branches of economics.
4. In some countries there is tax en things sold in the shops.
5. They spend the whole day packing the equipment.
6. Using this new method, he solved a number of problems
7. When presented historically, the subject seemed more interesting.
8. Seeing nothing there that could interest us, we left the exhibition.
9. She rushed back home, suddenly remembering that she had not locked the door.
10. Having spend all the money he started looking for work.
36
Контрольная работа №3 (3 семестр)
1. Закончите предложения, употребив герундий.
1. What is your idea of (обсудить этот вопрос сейчас)? 2. The film is worth(посмотреть).
3. There are a lot of ways of(сделать это). 4. Do you have the opportunity(посетить выставку)? 5.
I don’t like (напоминать ему об этом).
2. Употребите одну из неличных форм глагола: инфинитив, герундий, причастие.
1. He offered (lend) me the money. I didn’t like (take) it but I had no other way out. 2. What
was it the letter? I don’t know. I didn’t want (open) it as it wasn’t addressed to me. 3. Try (avoid)
(be) late. He hates (be) kept (wait). 4. Ask him (come) in. Don’t keep him (stand) at the door. 5. It’s
no use (write) to him, he never answers letters. The only thing (do) is (go) and (see) him. 6. I can
hear the bell (ring) but nobody seems (be coming) (open) the door. 7. He heard the clock striking
five and know it was time for him (get) up. 8. I am not used to (drive) on the left. 9. It’s pleasant
(sit) by the fire at night and (hear) the wind (blow) outside.
3.Переведите предложения на русский язык. Причастные обороты подчеркните.
1. Being a great book-lover, he spent a lot of money on books. 2. The answer received from
the sellers greatly surprised us. 3. The leaves lying on the ground reminded us of autumn. 4. When
writing a telegram we must use as few words as possible. 5. A person bringing good news is always
welcome.
4. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Покажите мне список студентов, изучающих английский язык. 2. Будучи очень
усталым, я решил остаться дома. 3. Переходя через мост, я увидел (встретил) Д. 4. Все
студенты, принимающие участие в этой работе, должны прийти в институт сегодня в 6
часов. 5. Я уже проверил все сочинения, написанные студентами моей группы.
5. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Они хотят, чтобы мы пришли к ним сегодня. 2. Она хочет, чтобы ее пригласили на
вечер. 3. Я никогда не слышал, как она говорит по-французски. 4. Она видела, что он вошел в
дом, и спустилась вниз, чтобы встретить его.
6. Переведите на русский язык.
Now days science is known to contribute to every aspect of man’s life. 2. He happens to
work at the some problem. 3. The work is likely to contribute to the solution of the problem. 4. The
is said to have graduated from Oxford University. 5. The results of this experiment are found to
overlap.
7. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Решение этой проблемы, как известно, зависит от многих факторов. 2. Ожидается,
что работа будет закончена в этом месяце. 3. Говорят, что он внес определенный вклад в
решение этой проблемы. 4. Ему было дано указание доложить обо всем вам.
37
Контрольная работа №4 (4 семестр)
1.Переведите на русский язык
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
You must leave at once.
She must have understood me.
She ought to have known this rule better.
You shouldn't phone them now.
We don't have to do this exercise again.
She may be thirty.
II. Употребите модальные глаголы в следующих предложениях в Past
Indefinite и Future Indefinite.
1. Our sportsmen can win gold medals at the competition.
2. The students have to work hard.
3. We may borrow books from the town library.
III. Переведите предложения, определите функции инфинитива.
1. То master a foreign language is necessity for all the students.
2. Popov was the first to invent the radio.
3. The problem to be discussed at the conference is of great importance.
IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы
и функции причастий.
1. Having graduated from the college, my brother went to work to Siberia.
2. Being prepared by our scientists man-made diamonds are widely employed in
many industries of our country.
3. A broken cup was lying on the table.
4. My pen is broken.
5. Having been sent to the wrong address the letter didn't reach him.
V. Из двух предложений составьте одно, применяя герундий.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Образец: Victor didn’t come to the lecture I was surprised at this. I was surprised at
Victor's not coming to the lecture.
1. My friend has mastered two foreign languages. We are proud of it.
2. Peter leaves for Kiev. His father insisted on it.
3. Ann goes to Moscow by plane. Her mother is against it.
VI. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый
причастный оборот.
1. This being the last day of our trip we hurried to the sea for a last swim.
2. Dinner being over, they went out for a walk.
3. They were having a quiet evening at home, the children playing in their rooms,
the parents watching TV.
4. The weather being line, we went to the country.
38
VII. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на согласование времен.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
She said she was writing a letter.
He said he had seen the film the day before.
They knew they would graduate from the college in years.
1 promised I should have done my work by the evening.
We said we lived in Moscow.
VIII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращай внимание на
герундиальный оборот.
1.
2.
3.
4.
We heard of their having entered the institute.
Victor's parents are proud of his having become an engineer.
She is sure of his coming in time.
The students of our group are proud of their participating in the scientific
conference.
5. In spite of not having had any university education he was a u \y intelligent man.
IX. Из двух предложений составьте одно с Complex Object. Предложения
переведите на русский язык.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The schoolchildren planted trees. The man saw it.
Somebody sang in the park. I heard it.
The doctor touched his leg. The boy felt it.
My little sister watered a vegetable bed. I didn't see it.
X. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на Complex Subject и
Complex Object.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
He heard me open the door.
She is said to live in Kiev.
I le is said to hove been appointed a director of a big plant.
I know them to be right.
They wish the work to be done at once.
They are likely to come soon.
Me is sure to return.
XI. Переведите условные предложения на русский язык.
1. If you worked hard, you would do this work in time.
2. If he studied regularly, he would pass his exam.
3. If we had not been busy yesterday we should have helped you.
39
ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОГО И ИТОГОВОГО
КОНТРОЛЯ
1 семестр
1. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be.
Перепишите предложения на русский язык.
1. Не … a student now. 2. They … students last year. 3. Next year he … here, now he … in
the Far East. 4. I …ill yesterday, but now I … quite well. 5. His flat … in the centre of our city. 6.
My sister … a teacher .of English. 7. The flat in this house … very comfortable. 8. I … very busy
tomorrow, but now I … free. 9. He … rather smart. 10. We … very glad to see you.
2. Следующие предложения сделайте вопросительными и отрицательными.
1. My friend is a correspondence student.
2. She was at the Institute yesterday.
3. We shall be busy tomorrow.
3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to have. Переведите
предложении на русский язык.
1.
He … two little brothers, and he always helps them in their work. 2. Yesterday he …
very little time and could not finish his work. 3. We … much free time tomorrow morning. 4. My
friend … a large library. 5. We went to the concert yesterday and … a good time there. 6. My
parents … a comfortable flat now. 7. Tomorrow we … a meeting at the Institute. 8. The children
always … dinner at one o'clock.
4. Напишите и выучите 3 формы следующих неправильных глаголов:
to begin
to pay
to see
to speak
to run
to come
to be
to find
to become
to write
to read
to leave
to know
to give
to go
5. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени сравнения от следующих
прилагательных:
great, important, small, fine, large, big, good, many, beautiful, poor, easy, little, bad,
difficult, rich, warm.
6. Откройте скобки и поставьте прилагательные в сравнительную и
превосходную Степень в зависимости от смысла. Переведите предложения на русский
язык.
1.The winter in England is (warm) than in central Europe.2. Spring is the (good) season in Great
Britain. 3. It is the (small) planet in our solar system. 4. The weather becomes (cold) and (cold)
every day. 5. The twenty-second of December is the (short ) day of the year. 6. Moscow today is
one of the (beautiful) cities in the world. 7. He is the (good) student in our group. 8. Spring is the
(pleasant) season in the year.9. Moscow is (big) than Minsk.
7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на конструкцию the…the.
1. The more I study English, the better 1 read and speak.
2. The better we know this man, the more we like him.
3. The better the weather, the more difficult it is for me to stay at home.
4.The more I look at the picture, the less I like it.
40
5.The sooner you start, the sooner you finish.
8. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной
формах.
1. My mother lives with us. 2. Next summer we shall go to the country. 3. He graduated from
the Institute two years ago. 4.My sister skates well. 5. I saw him yeasterday.
9. Поставьте вопросы к подчеркнутым словам.
1. She studies at Moscow University. (Where)
2. We came on Sunday. (When)
3. I usually read newspapers in the morning. (What).
10. Поставьте глаголы, заключенные в скобках, в Present, Past u Future Indefinite.
1. He (to write) letters on Sunday.
2.My father (to work) at the plant.
3.They (to play) tennis every day.
11. Переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на значение
модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.
1. Much attention must be given to the education and upbringing of children
2. They had to get up at 6 o'clock in the morning.
3.He was very busy yesterday and was not able to finish his work.
4.I can't say that it is easy to combine work-and studies.
5. We are allowed to take examinations in advance.
6. She was not able to do it better.
7. He was right and I had to agree with him.
8. She was not allowed to take this book.
12. Поставьте предложения в вопросительной форме.
1. He can win a great victory.
2. She may ask them about it.
3. I must meet my brother after school.
13. Поставьте предложения в отрицательной форме.
1. I can repair the watch myself.
2. He may select any book on the shelf.
3. She must go now.
14. Поставьте глаголы, заключенные в скобки, в Present Continuous Tense.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. I think she (to skate) now.
2. He (to play) chess with his friend.
3. The child (to sleep) in the open air.
4.The train (to approach) Moscow now.
15.Постаиьте глаголы, заключенные в скобки, в Past Continuous Tense. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
1. My sister (to stay) in New-York for some days.
41
2. We (to have) a meeting from 3 till 5 o'clock yesterday.
3.They (to wait) for him for 2 hours.
16. Поставьте глаголы, заключенные в скобки, в Future Continuous Tense.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.
I (to have) my music lesson at that time tomorrow.
2.
Come to see me at 6 o’clock. I (to wait) for you.
3.
Tomorrow at that time we (to sleep) in the train on our way to the South.
17. Сделайте предложения вопросительными и отрицательными.
1. Не is making his report in English.
2. She was standing at the blackboard at that time.
3.The teacher has given us much homework
4.They have told everything about it.
18. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слов one, ones.
А. He is a first-year student and she is a second-year one.
I don’t like this dress. Show me another one, please.
These text-books are better than those ones.
B. This concert is as wonderful as the previous one.
Your flowers are as beautiful as his ones.
This car is not so good as that one.
19. Образуйте наречия от следующих прилагательных и переведите их на
русский язык.
active, usual, frequent, practical, wide, normal, evident, cold, regular, simple,
wonderful, quick, careful
20 .Переведите предложения на русский язык. Найдите и подчеркните
наречия.
1. It is a very deep river. 2. I often go to the Institute on foot. 3. He listened to her
report attentively. 4. On Sunday I usually get up at 8 o'clock. 5. I have never seen this
wonderful picture before. 6. She visited me once when I was at the hospital.
21. Заполните пропуски конструкцией there is, there are.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.
…seven faculties at our Institute.
2.
… a kitchen and two rooms in my flat.
3.
… twenty-five students in our group.
22 Сделайте следующие предложения вопросительными.
1. There are many parks in our city.
2. There was a lecture on literature yesterday.
3.There will be a new plan tomorrow.
2 семестр
1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление
времен группы Perfect:
42
1) Не has told her all about his travel. 2) I have never been to Los-Angeles. 3) Have you finished
your homework? 4) They have been friends for years. 5) By the time he leaves home,-we shall
have come to the station. 6) We are sure that he will have kept his promise. 7) She told us that
she had not finished her report yet. 8) He has been the best student in the class. 9) She said she
had had her lunch. 10) By the end of the week we shall already have translated this book. 11)
They have been absent from class all week.
2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на местоимения one
(ones), that (those):
1) This text is more difficult than that one. 2) One of the students is absent today. 3) One must
always try to speak English at our lessons. 4) There is only one way to do it. 5) Those present at
the meeting were the teachers from our school. 6) I like to read English books as well as Russian
ones. 7) The students of the first group study better than those of the second one. 8) These
pictures are better than those. 9) This film is more interesting than that I saw last week. 10) I
don't like this book. Give me another one.
3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление
инфинитива:
1) You must get up early to be in time for the lesson.
2) We sometimes stay at our institute to discuss the news.
3) One must study hard to know English well.
4) To improve pronunciation one must read aloud.
5) To learn how to use this method you must solve many problems.
6) He worked hard to complete his experiment in time.
7) It will take you much time to perform this work.
8) To translate this text without a dictionary you must know all the new words.
4. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите тип
придаточных предложений:
1) Everybody knew that education in the USSR wa free.
2) I consider it is very important to translate the text without a dictionary.
3) The books you spoke about are available in all bookshops.
4) The exercise I asked you about is rather difficult.
5) The information you sent us is of great importance.
6) We know he will keep his word.
7) There are many facts in his biography we still don't know.
5. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на
употребление инфинитива:
1) Не was too astonished to speak.
2) To fulfil this task was not easy.
3) I want you to consider the matter at once.
4) It is a great pleasure to make your acquaintance.
5) The work to be done here will take much time.
6) I have come here to help you.
7) Our task is to master English.
8) The problem to be discussed at our meeting is very important.
9) To walk in bad weather is not pleasant.
6. Определите формы с окончанием -ing и переведите предложения на русский язык:
43
1) I don't like being spoken to in such a manner.
2) You can master the language by speaking English every day.
3) You surprised me by not having done this work in time.
4) I thought of the question being discussed at the meeting.
5) She never did a thing without asking somebody's advice.
6) Reading aloud is very useful.
7) She likes being invited to the theatre.
8) I heard the singing of a bird.
9) She does not like reading aloud.
10) He likes being told such stories.
11) It being very late, we had to return home.
12) The meeting was held at the beginning of the working day.
7. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на
форму глагола придаточных предложений:
1) Не said that he had read this book twice.
2) We thought that the results of your work would be better.
3) The boy said that he was only eight years old.
4) I knew that he would refuse to help me.
5) He was sure that I should come in time.
6) She thought that the letter had been written by her friend.
7) They said that it had been raining from five till seven.
8) She said that she could not give me this book because she had promised to give it to her
sister.
8. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните в
придаточных предложениях глаголы в сослагательном наклонении:
1) It would have saved you a lot of time if you had prepared for your experiment more carefully.
2) If it were possible to live on the Moon, people would be able to jump about six times as high
as they can on the Earth.
3) If he were here now, he would tell us many interesting stories about his trip.
4) If she could, she would certainly help you.
5) It they had had enough time they would have repeated their experiment.
6) Had we known all those facts before, we should have written you about them long ago.
7) Should she come, let her wait a little.
8) If he were here, he would demonstrate the diagrams to us.
9. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на
употребление глаголов should, would:
1) She said he would come here in time.
2) If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.
3) He would experiment much to get better results.
4) If we had tested this material earlier, we should have used it in our construction work.
5) I should like to carry out research work in the field of engineering materials,
6) You should understand the principle on which a rocket operates.
7) If they had solved the problem, their experiments would have been completed
1.
2. 3 семестр
3. 1. Образуйте причастия I от следующих глаголов и переведите их на русский язык.
44
4. go, take, make, attract, speak, sing, drink, receive.
5. 2. Поставьте глаголы, заключенные в скобки, в Present Continuous Tense.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
6. 1. Не (to work) in the garden now.
7. 2. We (to study) some new grammar rules.
8. 3. She (to help) me with my report.
9. 3. Поставьте глаголы, заключенные в скобки, в Past Continuous Tense. Переведите
предложения на русский язык.
10. 1. She (to wash) dishes when we came..
11. 2. They (to play) football when I saw them.
12. 3. I (to wait) for them at the station at that time.
13. 4. Поставьте глаголы, заключенные в скобки, в Future Continuous Tense.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We (to work) in the field the whole day.
2. She (to take) a music lesson at this time tomorrow.
3. I (to study) from 2 till 4 o'clock next Sunday.
5. Переведите предложения, сказуемые которых употреблены в страдательном залоге.
1. A new plan is being discussed by us now.
2. The students papers are being corrected by the teacher.
3. A new equipment was being demonstrated to the students when I entered the laboratory.
6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции слов с
окончанием -ing
1. She is writing a letter to her mother.
2. She does not like writing letters.
3. When reading the text I learned many new words.
4. She was reading an English magazine when I saw her.
5. The girl reading an English magazine is my sister.
7. Образуйте причастия II от следующих глаголов и переведите их на русский язык.
А. name, attract, study, open, invent, receive, answer.
B. do, begin, drink, eat, say, make, give, leave, tell.
8. Замените подлежащее предложения подлежащим из правой колонки, изменив, если
надо, форму сказуемого.
The foreign delegation
I have visited this museum.
The children
Our group
The farmers
9. Сделайте предложения вопросительными и отрицательными.
1. Не is making his report in English.
2. She was standing at the blackboard at that time.
3. The teacher has given us much homework.
45
4. They have told everything about it.
10. Откройте скобки, поставив заключенные в них глаголы в Past Perfect Tense.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Lobachevsky (to become) rector of Kazan University by the age of 35.
2. They (to analyze) the results of their research by that time.
3. He (to finish) the experiment before we came.
11. Переведите предложения, сказуемые которых употреблены в форме Future Perfect
Tense.
1. I shall have bought all the necessary text-books by the beginning of the school-year.
2. By this summer we shall have read all the stories in the book.
3. We shall have discussed the project at the conference by the end of the week.
4. Our experimental work will have been completed by next Tuesday.
12. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слов one, ones.
А.
1. Не is a first-year student and she is a second-year one.
2. I don't like this dress. Show me another one , please.
3.These text-books are better than those ones.
B.
1. This concert is as wonderful as the previous one.
2. Your flowers are as beautiful as his ones.
3.This car is not so good as that one.
C.
1. One must repeat this rule to do the exercise well.
2. One must not smoke in the room.
3. One must consult a doctor if he is ill.
13. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слов that (of), those (of).
1. The physics laboratory of your school is equipped better than that of our school.
2. Her composition was handed in time, but those of her friends are still unfinished.
3.The buildings of this city are more ancient than those of our city.
14. Переведите предложения, содержащие усилительную конструкции типа it is (was)
...who (that).
1. It was the discovery of new materials that helped us to construct modern buildings.
2. It was A. Makarenko who used many new pedagogical principles in the eduction and
upbringing of children.
46
4 семестр
1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на
модальный глагол:
1) You must have misunderstood me. I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
2) She must have failed to understand this rule, that's why the exercises are done in the wrong way.
3) Our telegram must have never reached them. No wonder they have not come to meet us.
4) He must have left the letter unanswered.
5) Something must have happened with the telephone, it is out of order.
6) They might have already returned from the expedition.
7) She ought to have known this rule better.
2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на
сложное дополнение.
I) She always thought him to be right. 2) Every mother wants her child to be happy. 3) I could
never understand what made her do that. 4) The parents expected the teacher to improve the
child's speech. 5) I heard somebody mention his name. 6) We expect this statement to be true. 7)
I believed the calculation to be correct.
3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное
подлежащее:
1) Tsiolkovsky is known to have developed the theory of rocket
flying.
2) The experiment was supposed to have been completed.
3) Electric current is known to flow in metal parts.
4) The solution of this problem is said not to be easy.
5) Many new houses are planned to be built in our city.
6) This important problem is sure to be settled very soon.
7) He is likely to be given this work.
8) The match proved to be final.
4. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму
герундия:
1) I remember having obtained these data in our previous experiments. 2) We were surprised at
hearing that he had refused to take part in the scientific conference. 3) We remember having
been told about the different points of view on this theory. 4) This scientist achieved great
results by working hard at the problem. 5) There are two different methods of solving this
problem. 6) I remember having seen this device at our plant. 7) Solving difficult problems is
his favourite occupation.
5. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на
независимый причастный оборот:
1) There being an extensive system of free evening and correspondence education in Russia, a
great number of people are part-time or correspondence students. 2) The translation having
been done, we went for a short walk. 3) College courses finished, all the Russian graduates
get work according to their speciality. 4) The new methods having been introduced, the
productivity of labour at the plant went up. 5) There is always water vapour in the air, the
amount depending upon various conditions. 6) Technical and scientific problems having been
solved, the first space flight could be realized. 7) It being very late, we had to return home.
47
КОНТРОЛЬНО-ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
1. How much
2. It
this sweater cost?
A. is
often rain in summer.
A. don’t
B. doesn’t
3. Dad usually
B. does
C. do
C. isn’t
on Saturdays.
A. is working B. works
C. work
4. Call for an ambulance if he
A. will fill
worse.
B. feel C. feels
5. The weather is nice today, but it bad yesterday.
A. is
B. did
C. was
6. My parents to the USA many times.
A. have been B. were
7. My sister and her husband
C. have being
since last Christmas.
A. have been married B. were married
8. I saw light in the window as I
A. passed
9. You
C. are married
by.
B. was passing
C. passing
this test for two hours and can’t complete it.
A. have written
B. are writing C. have been writing.
10. We were late. The meeting
A. started
an hour before.
B. had started C. had been started.
11. Why are you looking so unhappy? – I
A. have lost
my purse.
B. had lost
12. He quickly forgot everything he
A. learnt
C. am loosing
at school.
B. had learnt C. was learning
13. He when you come back tonight.
A. will sleep B. will be sleeping
14. Plants die if you
C. will have been sleeping
water them.
A. won’t
B. don’t
C. wouldn’t
15. Would you mind the door?
A. to close
B. closing
16. You look tired. If I were you I
A. take B. will take
17. Do you enjoy
A. teaching
C. close
a rest.
C. would take
.
B. to teach
C. teachers
48
18.
I speak to Jane, please?
A. could
B. shall
C. must
19. My sight is getting worse. Next year, I’m afraid I
A. cannot
20. Look! The bridge
to read without glasses.
C. won’t be able
B. may not
.
A. is being repaired B. is been repaired
21. In Greece the Olympic Games
C. has repaired
once in four years.
A. were held B. are being held
C. are held
22. Yesterday Tom heard that his aunt
A. was ill
for five days.
B. had been ill C. has been ill
23. We were told that Andrew
A. is going
to enter the college.
B. went
C. was going
24. Are you married?
A. Yes, I do. B. Yes, I am. C. Yes, I did.
25.
does it cost to stay at the Hilton Hotel?
A. How many?
B. What
26.You like black coffee,
C. How much
?
A. aren’t you
27. Can you play
A. the
28. What
B. don’t you
piano?
B. a
C. an
lovely song!
A. an
B. the
C. a
29. I went to France last year.
A.
B. the
C. a
30. I met my friend yesterday
A. goodest
31. This is
B. best C. better
theatre in London.
A. an older
32. He has
B. the oldest
time than me.
A. bigger
B. much
33. You watch TV too
C. many
or help.
A. advices
35. Everybody
C. more
.
A. few B. much
34. I don’t want
C. the eldest
B. an advice
C. advice
ready.
49
C. do you
A. is
36.
B. are
C. am
is new.
B. The Liz’s text-book
A. The text-book of Liz
37. Listen to me when I’m
A. telling
to you.
B. talking
38. Three weeks later I
A. seeing
C. leaving
films recently.
B. saw C. have seen
40. She was the most delightful person I
A. have ever met
41. I
C. told
for Moscow.
A. left B. had left
39. We some good
.
B. had ever met
at the hotel for a fortnight when I received your letter.
A. had stayed B. was staying
C. had been staying
42. Would it be all right if I at six?
A. came
B. come
C. will come
43. Nobody answers the phone. They
A. must
B. would
44. Yesterday we
be out.
C. should
to the restaurant.
A. are invited B. were invited
45. Mike hoped that his friend
C. invite
him with his car.
A. would help B. will help
46. Where is
C. helping
post-office, please?
A. the next
47. I earn
A. littler
48. Money
A. is
B. nearer
C. the nearest
money than he does.
B. more little C. less
not everything.
B. are
C. am
49. Where are my glasses? Has anybody seen
A. it
50. The old man
C. Liz’s text-book
B. its
?
C. them
that he wanted a cup of tea.
A. said B. told C. telling
50
C. ever met
КОНТРОЛЬНО-ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ
ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
1.
A. These
B. This
C. That
books are very good.
A. that
B. those
C. there
2. Are
3.
A. It has
B. It is
C.There is
people very nice?
a dog in the garden.
A.They
B. It
С There
4. What's that?
5.
A. Their
B. They're
С There
is my new computer.
is a good film at the Odeon.
6.
A. has
B. have
I
A. stay
B. to stay
C. staying
at home.
A. knows
B. knows to
С can
speak English.
7. You ought
8.
He
to go to the country tomorrow. C. had.
A. write
B. to write
С writing
9. He should
A. see.
B. to see
C. seeing
10. Do you want
11. I hope John's got
12. He is
a letter.
the film?
A. a
B. any
C. some
money.
A. engineer
B. one engineer
C. an engineer
51
A. any
B. an
С some
13. I'd like
A. a few
B. a little
C. a number
14. We've got
A. a lot
B. many
C. much
15. There aren't
16.
A. Is
B. Does
С Has
17.
eggs, please.
Were you in Moscow last week?
A. didn't
B.
C.
his hat last week.
A. caught
B. catch the 7.30 bus yesterday.
C. catches
20. They
21. Mary is here, but her parents
A. hurries
B. hurried
C. hurry
22. He
25.
No, I
A. has
B. have
a bath in the morning.
C. is having
A. loses
B. has lost
C. lost
19. He
24.
people here today.
she get up early every day?
18. She often
23.
eggs left.
A. isn't
B. wasn't
С aren't
because he was late.
A. Doesn't
B. Does
she going to do anything today?
C. Isn't
They
A. watch
B. is watching
C. are watching
A. did you do
B. do you do
С did you
television at the moment.
much work yesterday?
52
wasn't
A. on
B. at ?
С. to
A. of
B. off cheese.
C. -
26. Who is she looking
27. This is a nice piece
Note :"-" means" nothing", "no word or words".
28. Our holidays are
A. in
B. at August.
C on
A. at
B. to
С -
29. They're listening
the news
30. We came here
A. on
B. at
С in
31. What's the matter
A. by
B. with
С from
32.1 didn't know you
A. was fond
B. are fond
C. were fond
1985.
him?
of music.
A.boiled
33. The children learnt at the lesson that water B. boils at 100 С.
С. to boil
A. going
34. We saw him B. go along the road.
C. to go
A. didn't know
35. The student wasn't able to do the translation because he B. not know
some special terms.
C. doesn't know
36. This book is
A. my
B. me
C. mine
37. She would like to meet
38. Give the money
A. you
B. your
C. to you
A. to them
B. them
C. theirs
!
53
A. to discuss
39. The book B. discussed at the lesson yesterday deals with the problems of war.
С discussing
A. our
40. We're going to
B. us
favorite shop.
C. ours
A. warm
B. warmer
C. more warm
41.
It is much
42.
She is not as old
43.
He's
44.
He drives
45.
Yesterday was the
here.
A.
that
B. than
C. as
I am.
A.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
very
B. more intelligent than I am.
С most
A. more careful
B. very careful
C. very carefully
A. Where
B. Why
C. Who
A. very hot
B. most hot
C. hottest
wrote that letter?
A. because
She went home early B. while
С without
The new instrument A. is expect
B.
C.
The man A. seems
B.
C.
day so far this year
she had finished her work.
to help scientists solve many important problems.
is expected
was expected
to be a stranger here.
seem
is seeming
A. Than
I'm going home to change first. B. Then
С Therefore
54
I'm going out for a meal.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ НАВЫКОВ УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ
TRAVELLING
Thousands of people travel every day. To prove it, I invite you to a railway or a bus station,
a port or an airport. There you will see thousands of people trying to catch a train a bus, a ship or a
plane. Everybody wants to go somewhere and to get there as quickly as possible, with all
conveniences and safety.
Of course, travelling by plane is the fastest, but it is also the most expensive. That’s why if
people have time they go by train. It is one of the most popular means of travelling. Trains go
slower than planes, but you can see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling
through. Modern trains are very comfortable and you can enjoy even the longest journey.
Travelling by sea is popular mostly for pleasure trips. On board large ships and small river
boats people can visit foreign countries and different places of interest within their own country. A
trip by sea is usually called a voyage or a cruise.
Buses also can take you to any place you wish. It can be a trip not far from your home or a
long journey even to a foreign country. Modern buses have comfortable seats, video and phone, you
can have hot tea or coffee, drinks and snack. Tourist groups usually use buses to visit foreign
countries and different places of interest.
Many people prefer travelling by car. They don’t have to buy tickets. They don’t have to
carry heavy luggage. They can stop wherever they wish and spend as much time as they like at any
place.
But some people like spending their holidays travelling on foot or by bike.
If you feel like travelling by plane, by train or by bus, you have to choose a flight or a line,
to go to a ticket office and buy a single or a return ticket. Sometimes you have to change trains or
buses. Then you take your luggage and try not to miss your plane, train or bus. They usually arrive
in time - your wonderful journey begins. Have a nice journey.
As for me, I have never travelled far from my home. I and my family usually spend holidays
at my Granny’s in the country. But last year we went to the seaside.
It was so exciting. I hope, next year I shall visit London. It’ll be great.
Vocabulary
аэропорт
прибывать
велосипед
лодка
автобус
автобусная станция, вокзал
успеть
делать пересадку
выбирать
удобный
удобство
круиз, морское путешествие
полет
поездка, путешествие
багаж
способ, средство
опаздывать
на борту корабля
airport
arrive
bike
boat
bus
bus station
catch
change
choose
comfortable
convenience
cruise
flight
journey
baggage
means
miss
on board the ship
55
пешком
железнодорожный вокзал
билет в оба конца
безопасно
побережье
место, сиденье
билет в одном направлении
легкая закуска
проводить время
экспресс
билет
билетная касса
вот мой паспорт
я в командировке
я приехал к моим родственникам
on foot
railway station
return ticket
safely
seaside
seat
single ticket
snack
spend
through train
ticket
ticket office
Here is my passport
I’m on a business trip
I’m visiting my
relatives
I’m just passing through
I’ll be staying…
a few days, a week
I’m sorry, I don’t understand
Here is my customs declaration
I have nothing declare
Here is my baggage
Do I have to pay duty on this?
May I bring this in?
Customs officer
Where is the baggage claim area?
Here are my baggage claim checks.
Where can I get baggage cart?
I need a porter
Be careful with that bag!
A suitcase is missing!
Where is the lost and found?
Baggage Check-In
Baggage Claim
Cart Rental End
Cashier
Flight Information
Gates Open 1Hour Prior to Departure
отправления
Я здесь проездом
я пробуду здесь несколько дней
Простите, я вас не понимаю
Вот моя декларация
Мне нечего указать в декларации
Вот мой багаж
Мне надо платить за это пошлину?
Это можно провезти?
таможенник
Где я могу получить багаж?
Вот мои багажные бирки
Где можно взять тележку для багажа?
Мне нужен носильщик
Будьте осторожнее с этой сумкой!
Не хватает одного чемодана!
Где стол находок?
Регистрация багажа
Получение багажа
Прокат багажных тележек
Кассир
Информация о рейсах
Стойки начинают работу за 1 час до
Ответьте на вопросы
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Can you prove that thousands of people travel every day?
How does everybody want to travel?
What is the fastest way of travelling?
What can you say about traveling by train?
Is travelling by sea popular?
What is a voyage?
Can buses take you at any place you wish?
Why do some people prefer travelling by car?
56
9. Is travelling on foot popular?
10. What do you have to do if you feel like travelling?
11. What was your last journey (trip, voyage) like?
12. Where will you go in summer?
MEALS
It goes without saying that I prefer to have meals at home. At the weekend I like to get up
late and have a good breakfast of scrambled eggs or pancakes or something like that. But on
weekdays I’m always short of time in the morning. So I just have a cup of strong tea or coffee and a
couple of sandwiches.
As I spend a lot of time at the institute it’s necessary just to keep me going. That’s why I
have to go to the school canteen to have lunch. Our canteen laves much to be desired we don’t have
much choice there. But I enjoy my evening meal at home. My mother is a wonderful cook and her
dinners are always delicious and various.
To begin with we usually have some salad – tomato and cucumber or mixed salad. For the
first course we have some soup – noodle, mushroom, or cabbage soup or maybe some fish soup for
a change. For the main course we have meat, chicken or fish dishes, for example, steak or fried fish
with spaghetti or potatoes (boiled or fried). We also have a lot of vegetables. I prefer meat to fish
but my mother makes me eat fish from time to time. She says it’s good for my brains. For dessert
we have some fruit or just a cup of tea with a slice of cake, or an apple pie.
Of course when you don’t want to cook or you don’t have time you can go to a restaurant
But it has become rather expensive now a days.
Vocabulary:
Scrambled eggs
яичница
Pancakes
блины
to have a snack
перекусить на ходу
canteen
буфет, столовая
leaves much to be desired
оставляет желать лучшего
first course
первое блюдо
noodle
лапша
roast
жареный
sour cream
сметана
tasty
вкусно
dessert
десерт
to have a sweet tooth
быть сластеной
milkshake mix
молочный коктейль
orange juice
апельсиновый сок
pizza
пицца
To book a table
заказать столик
Do you have a table for me?
У вас есть столик для меня?
Menu, please
Меню, пожалуйста
Please bring
принесите пожалуйста
Would you like some…?
Не хотите ли немного …
I am on a diet
Я на диете
A green salad and afterwards some fruit
Пожалуйста, овощной салат, а затем фрукты
Can you prepare a salt-and-spice-free meal for me?
Не могли бы вы приготовить мне что-нибудь без соли и специй?
57
Can you recommend me something?
Что вы можете порекомендовать?
Cheque please
чек пожалуйста
Вы решили пообедать (перекусить) в кафе с другом. Закажите себе еду и
напитки. Не забудьте расплатиться.
Загадайте любое блюдо. Одногруппники должны его угадать с помощью
вопросов.
VISITING A DOCTOR
Last week I caught a bеd cold. I felt bad. I had a running nose, a bad cough and a sore throat.
The temperature was 38.5. I also had a headache and couldn’t sleep. I decided to go to the clinic.
The doctor examined me and said that I had the flu. He told me to stay in bаd for a few days and
prescribed some medicine. He put me on the sick list. When I returned home, I went to bed at once.
I had some hot tea with honey and took some medicine. The treatment helped me. Soon I felt better
and a few days later I recovered.
My temperature became normal. When I came to the clinic again, the doctor said that
everything was all right and I could go to my office. He advised me to spend a lot of time in the
open air and devote more time to sport.
Vocabulary
- медицина, лекарство
- здоровье
- Как ваше здоровье?
- Как вы себя чувствуете?
- У вас цветущий вид.
- заболеть
- приемная врача
- автомобиль скорой помощи
- больной
- На что жалуетесь?
- жалоба
- причинить боль
- У меня болит сердце
- боль
- головная боль
- зубная боль
- боль в ухе
- нервничать
- простуда
- сердечный приступ
- чихать
- жар, лихорадка
- кашель, кашлять
- рана
- ставить диагноз
- болезнь
medicine
health
How are you?
How do you feel?
You look the very picture of health
to be taken ill
consulting – room
ambulance
patient
What is the trouble?
сomplaint
hurt
something is wrong with my heart
pain
headache
toothache
ear – ache
to be nervous
cold
heart attack
sneeze
fever
cough
wound
diagnose
disease
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- осматривать
- лечение
- рецепт
- оперировать
- выздоравливать
- аптека
examine
treatment
prescription
operate
recover
chemist’s (shop)
Ответьте на вопросы
You were ill last month (week), weren’t you? 2. What were the symptoms? 3.You consulted
a doctor, didn’t you? 4. What did the doctor tell you to do? 5. Did you take his advise? 6. How long
did you stay in bed? 7. When did you recover? 8. How do you feel now? 9. Do you spend much
time in the open air? 10. Do you keep to a diet? 11. What is it necessary to do to be healthy? 12.
What do you usually do when you have a headache?
Расскажите о том, как вы однажды заболели и посетили врача.
Расспросите своего товарища:
А) о его здоровье
Б) о здоровье вашего общего друга
SPEAKIMG ON THE TELEPHONE
-
Could I speak to Ann, please?
Speaking.
Oh, hello, Ann. This is Kate.
Hi, Kate. Glad to hear you. How are you?
Fine, and you?
I’m fine, too.
Thank you for the birthday card and the compact disk. The card gave me as much pleasure
as the disk.
How was it, good?
It’s the best music I’ve ever heard.
You are always aware of all my wishes!
We missed you at the birthday party.
It’s a pity. I couldn’t come. But you know the reason.
Yes, I do. I hope you are going to the disco tonight.
Sure. See you there. Bye.
Bye.
card – открытка
compact disk – компакт-диск
pleasure – удовольствие
to be aware of – знать
wish – желание
to miss – чувствовать недостаток
reason – причина, повод
disco – дискотека
tonight – сегодня вечером
59
1. Пригласи своего друга на концерт по телефону.
2. Выясни у своего друга домашнее задание.
ABOUT MYSELF
My name is … I’m seventeen years old. I live in Sterlitamak ( … )
I’m not very tall (tall, short) and thin (not very thin, rather fat). My face is oval (round,
square). I have a fair (dark) complexion. My eyes are blue (black, grey), my hair is blond (dark,
chestnut), straight (curly) and long (short, not very long).
I left school this year and entered the Pedagogical Institute of Sterlitamak. I’m a first year
student now and I’m going to be a teacher. My future speciality is … (Russian and Literature,
History, Physics, Mathematics …). I’m eager to get the proper education to be able to do my best to
become a good specialist.
I live with my family. It is large (small) and very good. We love each other very much. I like
the evenings, when all the members of our family get together after werk and study and have the
opportunity to talk TV, to read books and newspapers. I have some free time, we go for walks,
discuss books or films, play talk about different things. We are fond of sport. We like swimming
(play tennis, football) and often go to the swimming pool (tennis court, stadium) together.
fair – светлый
dark – темный
complexion – цвет лица
chestnut – каштановый
straight – прямой
curly – кудрявый
enter – поступить
speciality – специальность
to be eager to – желать, стремиться
proper – подходящий, необходимый
education – образование
to be able – быть в состоянии
opportunity – возможность
affair – дело
1. Расскажи о своем друге.
2. Опиши членов своей семьи.
ON CLIMATE AND WEATHER
About 80 percent of Russia is in the temperate zone, 18 percent is Arctic and 2 percent is
subtropical. In most regions the climate is continental with hot, short summers and cold, long
winters. In the European part of the country the Pechora region, has the lowest average winter
temperature (around –300C). The Siberia has a more continental climate than the European part of
the country, winters are colder and longer, summers are hotter and shorter. Verkhoyansk, a town in
60
eastern Siberia, the average January temperature there is below 500C. The Black Sea coast forms a
separate climatic zone, with warm winters and hot summers.
Notes
1. 30 0C читается: minus thirty degrees centigrade – минус 30 по Цельсию.
2. 0 0С читается: zero centigrade – ноль градусов.
Vocabulary
about – около
above – свыше
around – около
average – средний
below – ниже
changeable – изменчивый
climate – климат
coast – побережье
cool – прохладный
dry – сухой
short – короткий
spring – весна
autumn – осень
temperate – умеренный
year-long temperature – годовая температура
high - высокий
hot - жаркий
humid - влажный
low - низкий
mild - мягкий
moderate - умеренный
percent - процент
rainy - дождливый
region – район, область
separate - отдельный
so-called – так называемый
winter - зима
summer - лето
weather - погода
pole – полюс
Answer the Questions.
1. What climatic zones are there in Russia?
2. Which of the European regions has the lowest average winter temperature?
3. What region has the highestwinter temperature in Russia?
4. What’s Verkhoyansk called?
5. What’s the average winter temperature in Verkhoyansk?
6. What climate zone does the Black Sea Coast form?
Give a Summery of the Text.
Make up situations Using these Words and Word Combinations.
The Climatic zones of the European Part of Russia: to vary, from region to region,
continental areas, the average winter temperature, the highest summer temperature, above, below.
The climate and Weather in the Place Where I Was During My Last Vacation: hot (warm),
the sun, bright, to go for hikes, cool, dry, to rain, humid.
Translate into English.
В России несколько климатических зон. Самая большая климатическая зона – это
умеренная.
В европейской части страны климат мягче, чем в Сибири.
Самая низкая средняя зимняя температура в районе р. Печоры: около-30 0C.
Черноморское побережье находится в субтропической зоне: зима теплая, лето жаркое.
Среднегодовая температура ниже на Севере.
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Speak on the Climate of Baschkortostan.
Translate these dialogs into Russian. Act them out.
It’s a Beautiful Morning.
А. It’s a beautiful morning isn’t it?
В. Yes, it is. There isn’t a cloud in the sky and the sun is shining brightly. I’m afraid it may
be hot the afternoon.
А. It’s 20 0C now. I’ve just heard over the radio the temperature may rise 29 0C in the
afternoon.
В. That wouldn’t be so nice.
What an Awful Day!
А. What an awful day today!
В. Yes. The weather is awful, isn’t it?
А. I hate it when it rains.
В. So do I. It was worse yesterday, wasn’t it? It rained all day long.
А. Do you know the weather forecast for tomorrow?
В. No change for the better. Cold and rainy in the morning and windy in the afternoon.
А. That ‘s too bad.
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BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE
With the development of industry, technology, trade and economic ties among the countries
and ordinary people a great volume of business is done by mail. It is true that the telephone
telegraph, telex and fax do speed transactions, but they also run up expenses to such an extent that
practical businessman and economic people use these modern means of communication for matters
requiring immediate action or messages which can be expressed briefly.
Business letters concern us in our daily living, especially those of us who live abroad and
deal with foreigners.
People write business letters in many situations: concluding contracts, booking a seat in an
airplane, reserving hotel accommodation, booking theatre tickets, writing order – letters, letters of
inquiry and claim letters (letters of complaint) covering letters, letters of confirmation, letters of
guarantee. A business letter, like a friendly or social letter, should make a favorable impression. In
order that a letter may create this impression, it should be neatly written or typed, properly spaced
on the page and correctly folded in the envelope.
The parts of a business letter. The basic outline for a business letter is that of any letter: the
heading, the inside address, the salutation, the body of the letter, the complimentary close and the
signature. If you forget something you mean to say in the letter, put it in a PS at the bottom of the
page.
Vocabulary
development of industry
volume
a great volume of business
to speed
to speed transactions
to run up expenses
to a great extent
to concern
letter
order-letter
inquiry letter
claim letter
covering letter
letter of confirmation
letter of guarantee
to type
to space
to fold
envelope
heading
inside address
salutation
body of the letter
complimentary close
signature
circular letter
to forget
- развитие промышленности
- объем
- большой объем дел
- ускорятьt
- ускорять дело
- увеличивать расходы
- в значительной степени
- касаться
- письмо, буква
- письмо-заказ
- письмо-запрос
- письмо-жалоба
- сопроводительное письмо
- письмо подтверждение
- гарантийное письмо
- печатать на машинке
- размещать
- сгибать
- конверт
- заголовок
- адрес получателя
- приветствие
- текст письма
- заключительная формула вежливости
- подпись
- циркуляр
- забывать
63
Задание 1
Внимательно прочитайте пример деловой переписки.
University High School
Stamp
155 East 44th Street
Mr. H.Buford
New York 17,
Fisher, Chief
New York
Public Information
Service United Nations
UN Plaza
New York, New York
4th September, 2001
Dear Mr. Fischer
Our English class occasionally sends speakers to other oral – English classes as part of our
program of work during the term. This year we should like to aid in publicizing UN activity during
the forthcoming annual Assembly of the United Nations due to open this September.
Very truly yours
Laura Winston.
Задание 2
Внимательно изучите структуру делового письма и ответьте на вопросы:
1. What kind of letter is it?
2. Does the solution “Dear Mr. Fischer” scow that the correspondent is unknown to the
author or known to him personally?
3. What does the body of the letter deal with?
4. Is the complimentary formal or informal?
Задание 3
Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужную форму.
21st June 1999
Dear Mr. Brown
If just (to read) your promotion to sales manager. Let me (to offer) my warmest
congratulations. I (not have) to tell you that all of us (to wish) you best of luck in your new position.
We (to be sure) we (to read) more good news about you in the trade papers in the future.
Yours sincerely
F. Popov
Задание 4
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Письмо должно быть посвящено одному вопросу.
2. Деловые письма подписываются от руки четко.
3. Деловые письма пишутся на фирменных бланках.
4. Умение писать деловые письма имеет огромное значение для ведения
коммерческой деятельности.
Задание 5
Выучите заключительные фразы деловой переписки.
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1. We expect your early reply – надеемся на быстрый ответ
2. Please inform us in the shortest possible time – просим сообщить нам как можно
скорее
3. We are looking forward to your consent –ожидаем вашего согласия
4. Yours faithfully = yours truly - с уважением
Задание 6
Составьте деловые письма по заданным ситуациям.
1. Письмо-благодарность.
2. Жалоба на задержку с ответом.
3. Письмо-поздравление.
4. Письмо-просьба.
APPLYING FOR A JOB
Задание 1
Прочитайте и переведите диалог между миссис Райт (W) договаривающейся через
секретаря фирмы (1) с менеджером Хелари Бичем (НВ) о приеме на работу.
S.
W.
S.
W
S.
W.
S.
W.
S.
W.
HB.
W.
HB.
W.
HB.
W.
HB.
W.
HB.
W.
HB.
W.
HB.
W.
HB.
W.
HB.
W.
HB.
Compact Systems. Good afternoon.
Good afternoon. Could I speck to Hillary Beacham, please.
What is your name ?
Adel Wright.
Thank you. What’s it about, please?
The secretarial job advertised in last night’s paper.
Ah, yes. You rang this morning, didn’t you?
Yes, that’s right.
Hold on a moment, please, Mrs Wright. I’ll just connect you.
Thank you.
Hillary Beacham speaking.
Good afternoon. My name’s Adel Wright. I am ringing in connection with the
secretarial job advertised in last night’s paper.
Ah, yes, Mrs. Wright. You rang this morning, didn’t you?
Yes.
Well, can I ask you a few questions?
Of course.
I presume you’ve worked in a computer company?
Yes, I’ve had four years with DB Systems.
Are you still there now?
Yes, I am.
I see. And what about your duties there?
Well, I work in the sales department I handle all the inquiries.
I see. And are these written inquiries?
Both written and phone calls.
And do you have to do a lot of typing?
No, in fact I use the phone for nearly all inquiries.
And how about shorthand?
Well, to be honest it’s a bit rusty.
Come here, apply for position fill in the form.
65
W.
Thank you.
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What kind of job is MRS Wright looking for?
2. Where did she work before?
3. What is Hillary Beacham?
Задание 2
Переведите письменно на русский язык следующие предложения.
1. Your name, address and telephone number.
2. Your date of birth.
3. Your marital status.
4. Your hobbies and leisure interests.
5. Details of all the jobs you have had.
6. The languages you speak, read or write.
7. Details of the professional diplomas or degrees you have gained.
8. Details of training courses you have attended.
9. Your reasons for applying for this job.
10. Your last salary.
Задание 3
Деловая игра
Вы генеральный директор. У вас одна вакансия. Приходят желающие поступить на
работу. Узнайте все необходимое для Вас о них.
Задание 4
Запомните следующие выражения.
to be in charge of
to be familiar with the requirements of this job
a full-time job
a part-time job
well-paying job
short-term job
job in one’s special field
to work overtime
length of service
cash award
lay-off
benefits
probationary period
to apply for position
net salary
regular pay
to make a good impression
66
- отвечать за
- знать требования, предъявляемые
работой
- штатная должность
- работа на полставки
- хорошо оплачиваемая работа
- временная работа
- работа по специальности
- работать сверхурочно
- стаж работы
- денежная премия
- сокращение
- льготы
- испытательный срок
- подать заявление о приеме на работу
- чистая зарплата
- основная зарплата
- произвести хорошее впечатление
Задание 5
Деловая игра
В вашей фирме появилась вакансия. Вы подобрали претендента и оговариваете с ним
его распорядок дня. Претендент уточняет необходимые детали для работы.
GREAT BRITAIN
Great Britain is an island lying off the north-western coastline of Europe. The English
Channel separates it from the mainland in the south. The Strait of Dover, 18 miles wide, divides it
from France. Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the north Sea, and from
Ireland by the Irish Sea.
The official name of Great Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland. Great Britain is the name of the major island of the United Kingdom including England,
Scotland and Wales; the United Kingdom, or the UK comprises Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The UK is often referred to as Great Britain or the British Isles. It is an island state
consisting of more than 5000 large and small islands, the most important being the Isle of Man and
the Isle of Wight. England is a part of the island of Great Britain; the Cheviot Hills and the river
Tweed divide it from Scotland.
No part of Great Britain lies more than one hundred miles from the coast. The coastline is
broken and has a few bays and excellent natural harbours. Internationally famous ports include
London, Bristol, Southampton, Portsmouth, Dover and others.
Geographically the island of Great Britain is subdivided into two main regions: Lowland
Britain and Highland Britain. The highest mountain Ben Nevis (1343) is in Scotland; the highest
peak in Wales is Snowdon (1085).
The greater part of the land is flat. There are plenty of short rivers in Great Britain; the
Severn is the longest one, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
Due to the influence of the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current washing Britain’s western
shores, the UK enjoys warmer winters and cooler summers than other countries at the same latitude.
There is much rain and fog in England. October is usually the wettest month, July is the
hottest and January is the coldest one. All over the world Britain is notorious for its fogs. For many
centuries, during the cold time of the year the English people have been using coal in their
fireplaces in private houses, though smoke from factories contributed a great deal to the trouble too.
That kind of fog and smoke English people used to call smog. An unusually thick smog in London
in 1962 caused the death of some 4,000 people. During the 1960s, laws were passed under which
using open coal fires in homes in the city area was forbidden. The laws stopped much of the
pollution from the factories, too. The ordinary damp mists which afflict all parts of the countries.
The flora of the British Isles is varied and the fauna is similar to that of the north-west of
Europe.
The country is not very rich in mineral resources. Over threequarters of Britain’s land is
used for farming; farms produce nearly half of the food that Britain needs. The UK is a highly
developed industrial country too, known as a producer and exporter of machinery, electronics,
ships, aircraft and navigation equipment.
The capital of the UK is London, in England. The capital of Wales is Cardiff, and the
Scottish capital is at Edinburgh; the capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.
References
the English Channel - принятое в Великобритании название пролива Ла-Манш
the Strait of Dover - название пролива Па-де-Кале
67
the North Sea
- Северное море
the Irish Sea
- Ирландское море
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – Соединенное Королевство
Великобритании и Северной Ирландии
England
- Англия
Scotland
- Шотландия
Wales
-Уэльс
the British Isles
- Британские острова
the Isles of Man
- остров Мэн
the Isle of Wight
- остров Уайт
the Cheviot Hills
- Чевиотские горы
the Tweed
- река Твид
Lowland Britain
- равнинная часть Великобритании
Highland Britain
- гористая часть Великобритании
Ben Nevis
- гора Бен-Невис
Snowdon
- гора Сноудон
the Severn
- река Северн
the Thames
- река Темза
the Gulf Stream
- течение Гольфстрим
Cardiff
- г. Кардиф
Edinburgh
- г. Эдинбург
Angles, Saxons, Jutes
- англы, саксы, юты (германские племена)
Vikings
- викинги
Normans
- норманны
Vocabulary
Coastline
- береговая линия
to separate from
- отделять от
mainland
- континент, материк
to comprise
- охватывать, включать
to be referred to
- называться, именоваться
bay
- залив
harbour
- бухта. гавань
influence
- влияние
current
- течение
to wash the shores
- омывать берега
latitude
- широта
to be notorious for
- быть известным
to contribute to the trouble - обострить проблему
to pass a law
- провести закон
pollution
- вредные выбросы
mist
- туман
to afflict
- причинять неприятности
flora
- растительный мир
fauna
- животный мир
to be not rich in natural resources – иметь не очень богатые природные ресурсы
farming
- сельское хозяйство
to produce
- производить
highly developed industrial country - высокоразвитая промышленная страна
producer and exporter
- производитель и экспортер
machinery
- оборудование
68
aircraft and navigation equipment - оборудование для авиационной и судостроительной
промышленности
to be many centuries in the making – формироваться в течении нескольких веков
to conquer
- завоевать
to subdue an independent tribe - подчинить независимое племя
invader
- завоеватель
Navy
- военно-морской флот
To wage a colonial war
- вести колониальную войну
“the workshop of the world” - «мастерская мира»
Answer the questions:
1. Where does Great Britain lie?
2. What separates Great Britain from the mainland? From France, Belgium, Holland
and Ireland?
3. What parts do Great Britain and the UK include?
4. What are the most important isles?
5. What are the main British ports?
6. Where is England situated?
7. What main regions is the island of Great Britain subdivided into?
8. How can you define climate of Great Britain?
9. What was the origin of smog in the UK?
10. What goods are produced in the UK?
11. What tribes and peoples was Great Britain conquered by?
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and
China. The country consists of 3 parts: the continental part is in the center of the North American
continent. The outlying territories are Hawaii and Alaska. The total area of the United States is over
9 mln sq. km. The country borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a
seaborder with Russia.
The country is washed by 3 oceans: The Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has
many lakes, including the Great Lakes and many rivers, the longest of which are the Mississippi,
the Missouri, the Columbia and others. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the
Appalachian, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak, Mount McKinley, is in
Alaska.
The climate conditions are rather various. The country is rich in natural and mineral
resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.
The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial
branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio engineering and others.
Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations. The country population is over 250
mln. The official language of the state is English. The national symbol of the USA is the national
flag “Stars and Stripes”, having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field, symbolizing
the number of the original and present day states.
Officially the country comprises 50 states and 1 District of Columbia. The states differ in size,
population and economic development. Each state has its own capital. The capital of the USA is
Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia on the banks of the Potomac River and is
named after the 1st US President - George Washington. There are many large cities in the country:
New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco, Boston and some others.
69
The United States of America is a federal state, headed by the President. According to the US
Constitution the powers of the Government are divided into 3 branches: legislative, executive and
judicial.
The legislative power belongs to the Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of
Representatives. The Senate represents the states while the House of Representatives — population.
The executive power belongs to the President and his Administration (Vice-President and Cabinet
of Ministers). The judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and the system of federal courts.
There are several political parties in the USA. The largest of them are the Republican
(symbolized by a donkey) and the Democratic (symbolized by an elephant).
Nowadays the USA is one of the leading powers of the world due to its economic, political
and military influence.
outlying areas внешние территории
aircraft воздушное судно
Appalachian Аппалачи
Great Lakes Великие озера
Rocky Mountains Скалистые горы
Sierra Nevada Сьерра-Невада
Cordillera Кордильеры
climate conditions климатические условия
District of Columbia округ Колумбия
donkey осел
elephant [elifant] слон
frontier граница
government правительство
House
of
Representatives
палата
представителей
influence влияние
leading ведущий
legislative power законодательная власть
lowlands низины
military военный
named after названный в честь
original первоначальный
peak возвышенность
rich богатый
Senate Сенат
stars and stripes звезды и полосы
Supreme Court Верховный суд
to be located располагаться
to be made up from быть составленным,
состоять из
to belong принадлежать
to border граничить
to divide делить
to head возглавлять
to pass проходить через
to represent представлять
to symbolize символизировать
Read and translate the following sentences and say whether they are right or wrong:
1. The USA is the largest English speaking country, (Yes, it's right.)
2. It occupies the whole North American continent. (No, it's wrong.)
3. The country borders on Russia, Canada and Mexico.
4. The US territory is over 9 mln. sq. km.
5. There are many lakes and rivers on the territory of the country.
6. The country climate is rather different.
7. The US is one of the highly developed industrial powers of the world.
8. There are 2 official languages in the country – English and French.
9. The national symbol of the USA is the donkey.
10. The capital of the USA is New York.
11. The head of the state is the President.
12. The legislative branch of the US Government is the Congress consisting of 2 chambers: the
House of Lords and the House of Commons.
13. The President controls all the government branches.
Translate into English:
1 .крупнейшая англоязычная страна
2. иметь морские границы
70
3. занимать центральную часть континента
4. омываться тремя океанами
5. страна рек и озер
6. различные климатические условия
7. богата различными минеральными ресурсами
8. высокоразвитая промышленная держава
9. разные расы и нации
10. официальный язык государства
11. звездно-полосатый флаг
12. назвать в честь первого президента страны
13. исполнительная / законодательная / судебная власть
14. Сенат / палата представителей
15. система федеральных судов,
16. вице-президент / кабинет министров
17. ведущая держава
Translate the following questions into English and answer them:
1. США - одна из крупнейших стран мира, не так ли?
2. Где расположена эта страна?
3. С кем граничат США?
4. Какова территория США?
5. Какими океанами омывается США?
6. Назовите столицу США. Где она расположена? В честь кого она названа?
7. В США много рек и озер? Какие из них вы знаете?
8. Являются ли США высокоразвитой промышленной державой?
9. Какие отрасли промышленности США основные?
10. Население США больше, чем население России?
11. Какие крупные города есть в США?
12. Сколько штатов в США?
13. Кому принадлежит законодательная / исполнительная / судебная власть в США?
14. Кто является главой государства?
MEETING PEOPLE
I .Read and Comprehend the dialogues.
Dialogue 1
Ted: Excuse me, you must be Tom. Tom: Sorry?
Ted: You're Tom, aren't yoy? You've just come from Stockholm, haven't you? Tom: Yes,
that's right ,I’m Тоm Andersson.
Ted: Good, and I’m Ted Royal.
Tom: How do you do.
Ted: How do you do .That’s Mrs Royal and our son. Liz, Allan, come and say hello to
Tom...
Liz: Hello, Tom, did you have a good light?
Tom: Oh, yes, very nice, thank you. Hello, Allan.
Allan: Hello.
Ted: Come on, Tom, we've got the car outside. Liz, did you find a baggage trolley for Tom?
Liz: I'm afraid,I didn't. I couldn't find one anywhere.
71
Ted: Never mind, give me one of your bags, Tom...
Tom: Oh, thank you, Mr Royal.
Ted: By the way, I hope you don't mind me calling you Tom?
Tom: No, of course not.
Liz: And, Ted, don’t you think is would be better if Tom called us by our first
names?
Ted: Yes, of course, "Mr. Royal" makes me feel like a grandfather.
Dialogue 2
Kate: Hello, Terry Nice to see you Gome on in.
Terry: Thanks, I'm not too early, am I?
Kate: No, of course not. How are you?
Terry: I'm fine, thanks, Kate. And you?
Kate: Oh, can't complain, Here Jet me fake your coat.
Terry: Thanks. Have many people arrived yet?
Kate: Yes, Quite a few. Oh, by the way have you met Sally?
Terry: No, I don't think so.
Kate: Sally...this is Terry.
Sally: Hello, Kate's told me a lot about you.
Terry: Nothing bad, I hope. (they laugh)
Kate: Anyway, Terry, come on into the room and meet the others.
Теrry: Yes, thanks.
Do the following tasks on Dialogues 1,2.
l) Name the greetings people use in the dialogues.
2) Make a list of formal and informal greetings.
3) Name formal and informal forms of introduction used in the dialogues.
4) Name other “politeness phrases”, used in the dialogues.
5) In which of the two dialogues more formal phrases are used? Explain why.
Replace these formal phrases with informal ones:
l) Life is fine with me. How are you?
2). Good afternoon, Mr Smith.
3) I don't, believe you've met Miss Brown, have you?
4) How do you do.
5) It was very kind of you to invite us.
Replace these informal phrases with formal ones:
1) Fine, thanks. And you?
2) Glad you could come.
3) Sally ... Allan.
4) Hello!
5) Bye!
Match the phrases in the left column with those in the right one.
1) Hello John. How's it going?
1) Good morning Mrs Baker. It was very
2) Sally, this is Jane.
kind of you to invite me.
3) I do hope, I'm not too early.
2) Hello, Jane. Pleased to meet you.
4) Do you know George?
3) Hello, Pete. It's nice to see you again.
5) Miss Smith, I'd like to introduce to
4) Fine, thanks, Sally. And you?
72
you Mr Brown.
6) Fm very well, thank you and how
are your children?
7) Pam, say hello to Pete.
8) How do you do?
9) I don't believe you've
met Miss Baker, have you?
10) Good morning, miss Smith.
I'm so pleased you could come.
5) No, don't believe I have.
6)Oh, no. Not in the least.
7) How do you do.
8) How do you do, Miss Smith?
9) They're fine, thank you. And how are
yonr parents?
10) No, can't say I do.
What can you say in the following situations?
l) You greet a businessman Mr Brown, who you have never met before. It's 3
p.m. Mr Brown answers your greeting.
2) A man, Mr Brown, introduces himself to you. You anwer the introduction.
3) You introduce your new friend Allan to your college professor, Mrs Baker.
Mrs Baker answers the introduction.
4) You greet your friend Dick. It's 8 a.m. Dick answers your greeting.
5) Your meet your friend Kate. It's 8 p.m. Kate answers your greeting.
6) Introduce yourself to a girl you have never met before.
7) At an official meeting of students, you introduce your, professor to British students, who
are visiting your country.
8) Introduce your sister (cousin) to your f rinds.
9) You are meeting a group of tourists Introduce yourself to them.
PHILIP'S WORKING DAY
I
Philip is a student. He studies English. He studies hard. He wakes up at 7 and goes to the
bathroom. In the bathroom he washes, shaves and cleans his teeth. Then he dresses. He puts on
his suit; shirt and shoes. At 8 he goes to the kitchen. He has breakfast. For breakfast he has tea,
bread and butter and bacon and eggs. During breakfast he listens to the radio.
After breakfast he puts his books into the bag, puts on his coat and hat and goes to his college.
He goes there by bus. He gets to his college at 9.
II
When he comes to the college, he takes off his coat and hat and goes to the classroom, He
greets his friends and sits down at his desk. He takes his books out of the bag and puts them on
the desk. When the teacher comes into the classroom, the students stand up. The lesson begins. At
the lesson the students write, read and speak English. They ask questions and answer the teacher's
questions.
During the break they play table-tennis or talk about new films, books and sport.
After classes Philip goes home. At home he rests and then he has dinner with his mother.
For dinner they have soup, meat of fish. After dinner he does his homework. Then he watches TV
or reads a book. At 10 he says goodnight to his mother and goes to bed.
73
TEACHER'S PROFESSION
Teaching is interesting, creative and important work. A good teacher is not only a
communicator of knowledge but a model of competence. He forms attitudes to his subject and
altitudes to learning. He discovers children's inter, interests, their strength and weaknesses, their
needs.
A teacher must know his particular subject. A good teacher studies constantly, reviews,
researches his subject, perfects his knowledge.
He stimulates children to develop their abilities and to satisfy their interests. "Climate" of a
class depends on the nature of personal relationships between a teacher and his pupils. These
relationships should be founded on respect for a person. But it is also the function of education to
help children to live in the community to prepare for real life situations. A teacher takes an active
part in shaping of child's character, honesty, kindness, cooperation and respect.
Teaching is an exacting job, but those who are well equipped for I will have a happy and
satisfying life.
- творческий
- носитель знаний
- компетенция
- отношение
- сила
- слабость
- потребность
- особый
- повторять
- исследовать
- совершенствовать
- способность
- удовлетворять
- зависеть от
- отношения
- уважение
- коллектив
- формирование
- трудный, требовательный
- работа
- оснащать
creative
communicator ... of knowledge
competence
attitude
strength
weekness
need
particular
to review
to research
to perfect
ability
to satisfy
to depend on
relationships
respect
community
shaping
exacting
job
to equip
Ответьте на вопросы
1.
2.
3.
4.
What kind of work is teaching?
What is a good teacher?
What attitudes does a good teacher form to?
A good teacher discovers children's interests, their strength and weaknesses, their needs,
doesn't he?
74
AT THE AIRPORT
Flying to New York
Proffesor Belov and his collegues were going to New Yok to take part in a conference on
ecology.
They arrived at the airport two hours before the departure. Fii^t of all they went to the
check-in counter, where a ticket agent looked at their tickets and passports. Then their baggage
was checked in. Proffesor Belov's suitcases were very heavy, so he had to pay an amount of money
for overweight. Next they were given boarding passes, that allowed them to get on the plane. The
boarding passes had the seats numbers written on them. Their suitcases were labeled and sent off to
be loaded into the hold of the airplane. While waiting for the flight to be called, some of
proffesor Belov's collegues went to the newsstand to buy some magazines.
At last they went through the security check, where their hawd luggage was searched. In the
departure lounge proffesor Belov and his collegues joined the other passengers. After the
announcement they went to board their plane. The flight was quite comfortable and the passengers
felt quite safe. When they reached their destination and the plane landed, they were asked to fill in
declaration forms. Then their visas and passports were checked and they went through the
customs. The customs officer asked his usual question: "Have you anything to declare?" They
answered: "All (that) we have is for personal use." Soon all the formalities were over.
check in
connter
baggage
overweight
pass
load
hold
newsstand
security
check
lounge
announcement
- регистрировать
- стойка
- багаж
- лишний вес
- пропуск
- грузить
- багажное отделение
- газетный киоск
- безопасность
- проверка, контроль
- зал ожидания
- объявление
75
STUDENT’S LIFE
The students have to do their best to acquire necessary knowledge. They must attend
lectures and practical hours, never miss seminars and lab classes. They have to prepare their home
assignments regularly. There are good conditions for their studies. The institute has a good library,
reading rooms, many subject rooms and laboratories.
Many students receive state grants and they are provided with hostels. Senior students are
given vocational training during the pedagogical practice at schools. While practicing they must
master their teaching skills and I tutorial experience getting more knowledge about their profession.
The undergraduates and senior students carry out research in different branches of science. The aim
of the research work carried out by students is to solve the most pressing educational problems, to
study and use the progressive, pedagogical experience of others during their work at school.
The students go in for sports, they participate in organizing various types of recreational
activities for children, they stage concerts.
to do one's best
to acquire
necessary
to attend
to miss
home assignments
condition
a subject room
to receive
a state grant
a senior students
to master
an undergraduate
to carry out
aim
to solve
to use
to go in for
to participate
to stage
Vocabulary
- делать все возможное
- получать
- необходимый
- посещать
- пропускать
- домашнее задание
- условие
- кабинет
- получать
- государственная стипендия
- старшекурсник
- овладеть
- выпускник
- вести
- исследование
- цель
- решать
- использовать
- заниматься
- участвовать
Answer the Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the role of school practice in training teachers?
What helps the students to master their future profession?
Why do students lake part in scientific research?
What do we mean when we say "students' life"?
76
СОСТАВЛЕНИЕ ДЕЛОВОГО ПИСЬМА
The Royal Hotel
5 Blue St Star City
Dreamland
12 th April 1999
Personnel Manager
RBM Company
27 Green Street
Star City
Dreamland
Dear Sir,
I would like to apply for the position of junior accountant which you advertised in
yesterday's "City Times". I am a student of the Economics Department and I have been
bookkeeping at my father's firm for two years. I speak good English and feel that I am qualified to
fill your position.
Please send any application forms that you want me to fill in and let me know if you want an
interview.
Yours faithfully
Адрес и телефон отправителя
Дата отправления
1. кому адресовано
2. должность
3. название фирмы
и ее адрес
Обращение
Текст письма
Заключительная часть
Подпись
77
SPORTS IN GREAT BRITAIN
The British are known to be great sports-lovers, so when they are neither playing, nor watching
games, they like to talk about them. Many of the games we play now have come from Britain.
One of the most British games is cricket. It is often played in schools, colleges, universities and
by club teams all over the country. Summer isn't summer without cricket. To many Englishmen
cricket is both a game and a standard of behaviour. When they consider anything unfair, they
sometimes say: "That isn't cricket."
But as almost everywhere else in the world, the game which attracts the greatest attention is
Association football, or soccer. Every Saturday from late August till the beginning of May, large
crowds of people support their favourite sides in football grounds. True fans will travel from one end
of the country to the other to see their team play. There are plenty of professional and amateur soccer
clubs all over Britain. International football matches and the Cup Finals take place at Wembley.
Rugby football is also very popular, but it is played mainly by amateurs.
Next to football, the chief spectator sport in British life is horse-racing. A lot of people are
interested in the races
and risk money on the horse which they think will win. The Derby is perhaps the most famous single
sporting event in the whole world.
Britain is also famous for motor-car racing, dog-racing, boat-racing, and even races for donkeys.
The famous boat-race between the teams of Oxford and Cambridge attracts large crowds of people.
A great number of people play and watch tennis. Tennis tournaments at Wimbledon are known
all over the world. The innumerable tennis courts of Britain are occupied by people between the ages
of 16 and 60 who show every degree of skill — from practically helpless to the extremely able.
The British also like to play golf, baseball, hockey, grass-hockey. Various forms of athletics, such
as running, jumping, swimming, boxing are also popular. You can sometimes hear that there are no
winter sports in England. Of course the English weather is not always cold enough to ski, skate, or
toboggan, but winter is a good season for hunting and fishing.
Indeed sport in one form or another is an essential part of daily life in Britain.
Vocabulary
next to football — на следующем месте после футбола
chief [tJi:f] — главный, основной
spectator sport — зрелищный вид спорта
racing — бега (конские, собачьи и пр.)
boat-race — гребные гонки
tournament ['tuanement] —турнир
innumerable [i'nju.marebl] — бесчисленный
degree [di'gri;] — степень, уровень
skill — умение
helpless — беспомощный
extremely — чрезвычайно
able ['eibi] — умелый
to toboggan [ta'bogen] — кататься на санях, санках
78
MY SUMMER HOLIDAYS
After my hard and busy school year my summer holidays began. I felt happy when hard and
busy school year finished and summer holidays began. I started to plan a lot of wonderful things to
do | during my summer vocation.
I was dreaming about visiting far south countries I always wanted to visit. For example, I
dreamed to visit, Greece islands or Spanish beaches. But I had to go to the Azov Sea seaside with
my parents. The water was very warm there, because the Sea of Azov isn't deep. There were
different kinds of entertainments there. Best of all I liked water scooters and discos.
There was nothing to do all day except taking sunbathes and swimming. I was playing with
my little sister on the sand and taught her to swim. Later, I returned home and spent some time there
going out with my friends, reading, listening to music, watching TV and playing computer games.
After that I went to the sport camp where I spent twenty days with my friends.
It was very useful experience for us, because we had to get up very early, to train a lot. But
it made us stronger and healthier.
I was very happy to return home and to spend several days in my summer cottage, where I
had a rest helping my grandfather to dig the garden, to irrigate plants and to gather fruit and
vegetables. I was fishing with my grandfather sometimes and we cooked our fish together. Only
insects were spoiling my good humour. I was enjoying floating in the boat, swimming and helping
my grandparents.
During my summer holidays I made new friends, read a lot of interesting books, knew many
useful things. Now, I feel ready to get back to school.
I am happy to meet my school friends and teachers»
hard — тяжелый, трудный
busy — занятой, суетливый
to feel (past felt, p.p. felt) — чувствовать
to dream (past dreamt, p.p. dreamt) about — мечтать о
beach — пляж
deep — глубокий, глубоко
bush — куст
entertainment — развлечение
scooter — зд. скутер, водный велосипед
to sunbathe — загорать
to teach (past taught, p.p. taught) — учить, обучать
sport camp — спортивный лагерь
useful — полезный
experience — опыт
to get (past got, p.p. got) up — вставать
to return — возвращаться
several — несколько, некоторое количество
cottage — летний домик, дача, коттедж
to have (past had, p.p. had) a rest — отдыхать
to dig (past dug, p.p. dug) — копать, вскапывать
to irrigate — поливать
to cook — готовить пищу
insect — насекомое
to spoil — испортить
79
СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЛЕКСИКА,
ЗНАНИЕ КОТОРОЙ ТРЕБУЕТСЯ ОТ СТУДЕНТА
abbreviation
сокращение
abstract
abstract noun
автореферат
отвлеченное имя
существительное
accent
акцент
accidence
морфология
accusative (case)
винительный (падеж)
active
активный
active voice
действительный залог
adding
adjective
присоединение
прилагательное, имя
прилагательное
adverb
наречие
adverbial modifier
обстоятельство
adverbial participle
деепричастие
adversative conjunction
противительный союз
agreement
согласование
allegory
аллегория, иносказание
alphabet
азбука
analogy
аналогия
analysis
разбор
anapaest
анапест
animation
одушевление
annotation
примечание
antonym
антоним
80
appendix
приложение
approving
похвальный
arrange
расположить
aspect
вид
aspiration
придыхание
attribute
определение
author
автор
authorship
авторство
художественная
литература
belles-lettres
belonging to another
language
иноязычный
bibliography
библиографический
книговедение,
библиография
bibliology
книговедение
binding
переплет
biography
биография
bookish
книжный
(to) borrow
заимствовать
borrowing
borrowing from a Slavonic
language
заимствование
borrowing from Russian
русизм
bracket
скобка
by means of
посредством
bylina
былина
calligraphic
каллиграфический
calque
калька
bibliographical
славянизм
81
case
падеж
category
категория
chapter
глава
character
герой, образ
character
персонаж
characteristic
свойство
class
категория
classic
классик
classic(al) author
классик
classical
классический
classical scholar
классик
classicism
классицизм
classification
классификация
cliché
клише
co-author
соавтор
collaborator
соавтор
collation
сопоставление
colloquial
разговорный
colloquialism
разговорные слова
colon
двоеточие
combination of words
словосочетание
common noun
имя нарицательное
compare (with)
сравнить
comparison
сопоставление, сравнение
сложноподчиненное
предложение
complex sentence
82
composite
сложный
composition
сочинение
compound
compound sentence
сложный
сложносочиненное
предложение
comprehension
осмысление
concord
согласование
conflict
конфликт
conjunction
союз
connected
связанный
connecting
connecting vowel
соединительный
соединительный гласный
звук
consider
рассматривать
consonant
согласный звук, согласный
contemporary
современник
content
содержание
contents
оглавление
context
контекст
contrast
противоположность
conversion
correlation
конверсия
соотношение,
сопоставление
corresponding
соответствующий
cover
обложка
criticism
критицизм
dash
тире
dative (case)
дательный падеж
83
declension
склонение
decline
склонять
definite
определенный
demonstrative pronoun
указательное местоимение
denouement
развязка
(to) derive
description
описание
detail
подробность
detailed
развернутый, подробный
dialect
диалект, наречие
dialogue
диалог
dictation
диктант
dictionary
diminutive
словарный, словарь
уменьшительное имя
существительное
diphthong
дифтонг
direct object
прямое дополнение
direct speech
прямая речь
discuss
обсуждать, рассуждать
distinction
различие
dots
многоточие
dotted line
пунктир из точек
double
удвоенный
drama
драма
dynamic
динамический
ellipsis
эллипс
84
eloquent
красноречивый
emphasis
эмфаза
emphatic
эмфатический
empty chatter
пустословие
ending
окончание
entitle
озаглавить
enumeration
перечисление
epic
эпопея
epilogue
эпилог
episode
эпизод
epithet
эпитет
epos
эпос
equivalent
эквивалент
etymological
этимологический
euphemism
эвфемизм
exaggeration
преувеличение
example
пример
exclamation point
восклицательный знак
exercise
упражнение
explanatory dictionary
толковый словарь
express
expression
выражать
оборот (словесное
выражение)
expressive
экспрессивный
expressiveness
выразительность
extended interpretation
расширенное толкование
85
extended sentence
распространенное
предложение
fairy tale/story
сказка
falling tone
нисходящий тон
family
гнездо
feminine gender
женский род
fervour
пафос
fiction
беллетристика
flatness
невыразительность
folklore
фольклор
form
вид
form of address
обращение
formation
составление
formulate
формулировать
full stop
точка
functional
функциональный
future
будущее
future tense
будущее время
futurism
футуризм
gender
род
generalization
обобщение
genitive case
родительный падеж
genre
жанр
glossary
глоссарий
govern
управлять
grammar
грамматика
86
grammatical structure of a
language
grammatical system of a
language
грамматический строй
языка
грамматическая система
языка
hard sign
твердый знак
head
озаглавить
homonym
омоним
homonymy
омонимия
humanistic, humane
гуманитарный
hyperbola
гипербола
hyphen
дефис, перенос
idea
замысел
identification
отождествление
(to) identify
определять
idyll
идиллия
image
образ
imagery
образность
imperative
повелительный
imperative mood
повелительное наклонение
imperfective aspect
несовершенный вид
impersonal
безличный
impromptu
экспромт
improvisation
экспромт
in general use
общеупотребительный
inanimate
неодушевленный
include
включить
independent
независимый
87
index
указатель
indirect
косвенный
indirect object
косвенное дополнение
indirect speech
косвенная речь
inexpressiveness
невыразительность
infinitive
инфинитив
inflection
модуляция
infolded
развернутый
inspiration
пафос
instrumental case
творительный падеж
interaction
взаимодействие
interchangeability
взаимозаменяемость
interjection
междометие
interpretation
interrogative sentence
толкование
вопросительное
предложение
intonation
интонация
intransitive verb
непереходный глагол
introduction
введение
inversion
инверсия
laconic
немногословный
lampoon
памфлет
language
язык
language family
языковая семья
layer
слой
legend
предание, рассказ
88
letter
буква, литера
lexical
лексический, словарный
lexicology
лексикология
lexicon
лексикон
ligature
лигатура
line
строка
linguist
linguistic
лингвист
языковой,
лингвистический
linguistics
языкознание
literal
буквальный
literary scholar
литературовед
literature
литература
loan translation
калька
loan word
заимствование
locative case
предложный падеж
lyric poet
лирик
lyricism
лирика
make a loan translation
калькировать
manuscript
рукопись
masculine gender
мужской род
mean
meaning
значить
семантика(значение,
смысл слова)
memoirs
мемуары
mental
умственный
mentality
мышление
89
merging
слияние
metaphor
метафора
method
способ
metonymy
метонимия
(to) mispronounce
(to) misspel
modify
видоизменить
monograph
монография
monologue
монолог
mood
наклонение
morpheme
морфема
morphology
морфология
mysticism
мистика
name
имя
narrate
рассказывать
narration
повествование
narrative literature
эпос
narrow
узкий
negative
отрицательный
neologism
неологизм
neuter gender
средний род
new word
неологизм
nominative case
именительный падеж
non-standard
нестандартный
note
примечание
90
noun
имя существительное
novel
роман
numeral
числительное
object
дополнение
object
предмет
of praise
похвальный
opposition
противоположность
orally
устно
order
порядок
origin
происхождение
original
оригинал
original work
первоисточник
orthoepic
орфоэпический
palatalization
смягчение
paradigm
парадигма
paragraph
параграф, новая строка
paraphrase
пересказ, изложение
(to) paraphrase
перефразировать
parent language
праязык
participle
причастие
participle construction
причастный оборот
particle
частица
passion
пафос
passive voice
страдательный залог
past
прошлое
91
perfective aspect
periodical press
(periodicals)
совершенный вид
periphrasis
перифраз
personify
олицетворить
philologist
филолог
phoneme
фонема
phonetics
фонетика
phonology
фонология
phraseological
фразеологический
pioneer of printing
первопечатник
plagiarism
плагиат
plausible
правдоподобный
poem
поэма
poet
поэт
poetic(al)
поэтический
poetry
поэзия
polemics
полемика
polyglot
многоязычный
polysemantic
многозначный
polysemy
многозначность
polysemy
полисемия
polysyllabic
многосложный
popular-science
научно-популярный
possessive
притяжательный
притяжательное
местоимение
периодика
possessive pronoun
92
postposition
послеслог
predicate
predicative adjective
предикат, сказуемое
предикативное
прилагательное
preface
предисловие
prefix
приставка
prefixion
префиксация
premises
предпосылка
preposition
предлог
prepositional
предложный
prepositional case
предложный падеж
prerequisite
предпосылка
principle clause
главное предложение
probable
правдоподобный
profound
содержательный
prologue
пролог
prompt
побуждать, побудить
pronounce
произносить
pronounced
выраженный
proper name
имя собственное
prototype
первообраз, прообраз
proverb
пословица
proverbial phrase
поговорка
provide with a title
озаглавить
psychological novel
психологический роман
pun
каламбур
93
punctuation
пунктуация
punctuation marks
знаки препинания
quality
свойство
quotation
цитата
quote
процитировать
reader
хрестоматия
reading
трактовка, чтение
realism
реализм
reason
рассуждать
reference
ссылка
reference book
справочник
reflection
размышление
related
relative pronoun
связанный
относительное
местоимение
rendering
пересказ, изложение
repetition
повторение
report
отзыв
re-read
перечитывать
retelling
пересказ
(to) reveal
обличать, раскрывать
review
отзыв
rhyme
рифма
rising tone
восходящий тон
rhythm
ритм
romance
роман
94
romanticism
романтизм
root
корень
Russian epic
былина
saga
сага
sanscrit
санскрит
saying
поговорка
secondary
secondary parts of a
sentence
второстепенный
второстепенные члены
предложения
semantics
семантика (наука)
sentence
предложение, фраза
sequence of tenses
set expression
согласование времен
устойчивое
словосочетание
short story
новелла
shortening
similar parts of a sentence
сокращение
однородные члены
предложения
similarity
однородность, подобие
simple
простой
slang
сленг, разговорный язык
Slavism
славянизм
sound
specialist in Russian
philology
звук
speech
речь
speech habits
речевые навыки
spelling
орфографический
(to) spread
распространять
русист
95
statement
высказывание
story
повесть
stress
ударение
stressed vowel
ударный гласный
structure
строение, структура
study
монография
style
stylistic
стиль
стилистика,
стилистический
subdivide
подразделять
subheading
подзаголовок
subject
subjunctive mood
подлежащее
сослагательное
наклонение
subordination
подчинение
substantive
имя существительное
subtitle
подзаголовок
suffix
суффикс
syllable
слог
synonym
синоним
synonymous
однозначный
syntax
синтакс(ис)
tale
рассказ
tell
рассказывать
tendency
течение
tense
время
term
термин
96
terminology
терминология
terse
немногословный
textual
текстуальный
that does not conjugate
неспрягаемый
the humanities
гуманитарные науки
the spirit of tragedy
трагизм
theme
тема
thesaurus
тезаурус
thought
мышление
title
заглавие
tragedy
трагедия
transcription
транскрипция
transference
перенос
transformation
преобразование
transitive (verb)
переходный (глагол)
transliteration
транслитерация
trend
направление, течение
turn of speech
оборот речи
twaddle
пустословие
uncommon
неупотребительный
underestimation
преуменьшение
underlying idea
подтекст
unusual
неупотребительный
valency
валентность
verb
глагол
97
verbal noun
глагольный, устный
отглагольное
существительное
verbiage
фразерство
verbosity
многословие
versification
стихосложение
vocabulary
лексика
voice
залог
voiceless consonant
глухой согласный
vowel
гласный звук
well-read
начитанный
widely used
общеупотребительный
with the aid of
посредством
word
слово
word-formation
словообразование
world outlook
мировоззрение
world view
мировоззрение
verbal
98
TEST YOUR ENGLISH
тесты по английскому языку
Содержание
I.
Пояснительная записка
II.
Test Your Grammar
1. Present Simple / Present Continuous/ Future Simple
Test 1 – Test 13
2. Past Simple / Present Perfect/ Present Perfect Continuous
Test 14 – Test 22
3. Past Continuous /Past Perfect/ Past Perfect Continuous
Test 23 – Test 27
4. Gerund / Infinitive
Test 28 – Test 29
5. Tense Mixture
Test 30 – Test 33
III.
Reading Comprehension
Test 1 – Test 4
IV.
Pre-Exam Tests
Test 1 – Test 10
V.
Ключи к тестам
VI.
Список использованной литературы
Пояснительная записка
В современных условиях широкого развития международных связей практическое
владение иностранными языками приобретает очень важное значение. Приобретенные
знания, умения и навыки должны обеспечить возможность использовать в своей работе
иностранный язык.
Геополитические, коммуникационные и технологические преобразования в обществе
на сегодняшний день вовлекают в непосредственное общение (например, через систему
интернет) довольно большое количество людей самых разных профессий, возрастов и
интересов.
Решающим для развития умения пользоваться иностранным языком является
накопление достаточного словарного запаса и овладение грамматикой.
99
Объектом контроля при изучении иностранных языков является усвоение материала
языка.
Тестирование выполняет свою основную функцию – контроль и служит средством
измерения различных сторон учебного процесса. При подготовке тестов учитывались
современные
подходы
и
концепции:
коммуникативные,
текстоцентрические,
культурологические.
Материал тестов рассчитан на самую широкую аудиторию изучающих английский
язык. Он может быть использован и при подготовке к вступительным экзаменам в различные
образовательные учреждения, и при подготовке к сдаче экзаменов для получения
сертификата на знание языка, и в качестве учебного пособия для поэтапной проверки уровня
знания в процессе обучения языку.
Большое внимание в сборнике уделено грамматике – Test Your Grammar. Набор
многоуровневых тестовых заданий позволит определить степень и прочность усвоения
знаний основных разделов морфологии и синтаксиса английского языка.
В сборнике даны различные по своей структуре тестовые задания, аналогичные тем,
что предлагаются на вступительных и сертифицирующих экзаменах в учебных заведениях.
Работая с разделами Use of English, Reading Comprehension, Pre-exam Tests вы легко сможете
понять и усвоить способы такой проверки и быть готовыми к сдаче любого экзамена.
В конце сборника к каждому тесту есть ключи, которые помогут вам проверить
правильность ответа и обратят ваше внимание на некоторые моменты, которые следует
повторить перед решающим экзаменом.
100
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR
Present Simple / Present Continuous /
Future Simple
Test 1
Questions (1). Fill in the blanks.
A) do
B) does
C) -
1. ___ you like playing chess?
2.
your mother like cooking?
3.Where ___ she live?
4.Where ___ your parents spend their vacation?
5. What ___ your father do in his spare time?
6. What ___ you think of me?
7. When ___ you clean your teeth?
8. When ___ your father go to work?
9. Why ___ they learn poems by heart?
10.Why___ your sister go shopping on Saturdays?
11. Who
you always walk your dog with?
12. Who
his friend like to play chess with?
13. Who
knows the way out?
14. Which of you ___ speaks English fluently?
15. What time ___ you get up?
101
16. What time ___ your sister come back home?
17. How often ___ you go swimming?
18. How often ___dad come to the club?
19. How much ___ your trousers cost?
20. How much ___ your sweater cost?
21. Whose parents ___ want to help us?
22. Which of your sisters ___ lives in the country?
23. Which letter ___ comes after "I"?
14. Test 2
Questions (2). Fill in the blanks. A) do
D) are
B) does
E) have
1. What subjects ___ she good at?
2. ___ your brother got a camera?
3. ___ your mother like cooking?
4. What floor ___ your bedroom on?
5. ___ your parents in France now?
6. Where ___ the nearest book-store?
7. ___ your friend have any money?
8. Where ___ your uncle work?
9. What sports ___ they fond of?
10. What bike ___ you got?
11. What ___ the weather like today?
12. What languages ___ you speak?
13. ___you like science fiction?
14. What ___ your favourite pop group?
15. What bike ___ she got?
16. How many apples ___ you got?
17. What subject ___ you like best?
18. Where ___ the capital of your country?
19. ___ you know what time it ___ ?
20. How far ___ London from Liverpool?
15. Test 3
Present Simple. Choose the correct variant.
102
C) is
F) has
1. A) I not usually have lunch at home.
B) I usually have not lunch at home.
C) I doesn't usually have lunch at home.
D) I usually have lunch at home.
2. A) My friend don't goes to the cinema a lot.
B) My friend not goes to the cinema a lot.
C) My friend goes to the cinema a lot.
D) My friend doesn't goes to the cinema a lot.
3. A) Do his father drive a car very fast?
B) Is his father drive a car very fast?
C) Does his father drives a car very fast?
D) Does his father drive a car very fast?
4. A) Do the shops close at 8 o'clock in the evening?
B) Does the shops close at 8 o'clock in the evening?
C) Do the shops closes at 8 o'clock in the evening?
D) Are the shops close at 8 o'clock in the evening?
5. A) You often play basketball?
B) Do you often play basketball?
C) Is you often play basketball?
D) Are you often play basketball?
6. A) How you often play basketball?
B) How do you often play basketball?
C) How often do you play basketball?
D) How often you play basketball?
7. A) She come home early.
B) She not comes home early.
C) She don't come home early.
D) She doesn't come home early.
8. A) Why doesn't you come to the youth club?
B) Why you not come to the youth club?
C) Why not you come to the youth club?
D) Why don't you come to the youth club?
103
9. A) My brother never waits for us.
B) My brother doesn't never wait for us.
C) My brother don't ever wait for us.
D) My brother does never wait for us.
10. A) We always go abroad for our holidays.
B) Always we go abroad for our holidays.
C) We go always abroad for our holidays.
D) We go abroad always for our holidays.
11. A) Does Sandra always get up early in the morning?
B) Does Sandra get up early always in the morning?
C) Does Sandra get up always in the morning early?
D) Does Sandra get up always early in the morning?
12. A) When next year do you start at the university?
B) When at the university do you start next year?
C) When do start you at the university next year?
D) When do you start at the university next year?
13. A) We enjoy the theatre, but we don't go very often there
B) We enjoy the theatre, but we don't very often go there
C) We enjoy the theatre, but very often we don't go there
D) We enjoy the theatre, but we don't go there very often
14. A) How much does cost it for the return ticket?
B) How much for the return ticket does it cost?
C) How much does it cost for the return ticket?
D) How does much it cost for the return ticket?
15. A) They don't often phone my mother in London.
B) They often don't phone my mother in London.
C) They don't phone my mother in London often.
D) They don't phone my mother often in London.
16. A) The next train leaves in the morning at two fifteen.
B) The next train leaves at two fifteen in the morning.
C) The next train at two fifteen in the morning leaves.
D) At two fifteen in the morning the next train leaves.
104
Test 4
Fill in the missing verbs. Choose the correct variant.
Lots of children have got a part-time job. As for me I ___1___ as a paper boy. I
paper twice a week, so I
3
at 6.30 on Wednesdays and on Sundays. It
2___ a
4___ me about an
hour.
Sometimes it
My parents (often) 6
5
me longer on Sundays because the Sunday papers are very heavy.
me any pocket money, but I need it. The newsagent
weekday and three pounds on Sundays, so in a week I
8
five pounds. It
7
me two pounds a
9
certainly nice to
have some money in your pocket. I 10___ problems with my job, but I ___11___ getting up early
or going out in the rain.
1. A) work
B) works
2. A) do
3.A) get up
B) does
B) got up
C) not work___________________________________________________________
C) doesn’t____________________________________________________________
C) gets up
D) not works
D) do not
D) gots up
4. A) take
B) takes
5. A) take
6. A) do give
B) takes
B) don’t give
C) is take ____________________________________________________________
C) is take ___________________________________________________________
C) does give
D) is takes
D) is takes
D) doesn’t give
7. A) pay
B) pays
C) doesn't pays
D) don't pay
8. A) get
B) gets
C) doesn’t get
D) don’t get
9. A) does
B) do
C) are
D) is
10. A) do have
11. A) like
B) doesn’t have
B) doesn’t like
C) have no __________________________________________________________
C) like not
D) has no
D) don’t like
Test 5
Present Continuous. Choose the correct variant.
1. A) What is the girl doing now?
B) What the girl is doing now?
C) What doing the girl now?
D) What does the girl doing now?
105
2. A) What those people are looking for?
B) What are those people looking for?
C) What is those people looking for?
D) What do those people looking for?
3. A) When you are going to have a meal?
B) When do you going to have a meal?
C) When are you going to have a meal?
D) When going you to have a meal?
4. A) Who're shouting at the dog?
B) Who's shouting at the dog?
C) Who shouting at the dog?
D) Who does at the dog shouting?
5. A) Do the children are listening to the teacher?
B) Are listening the children to the teacher?
C) Is the children listening to the teacher?
D) Are the children listening to the teacher?
6. A) How do many students sitting on the stairs?
B) How many students are sitting on the stairs?
C) How many are sitting on the stairs students?
D) How many is sitting students on the stairs?
7. A) Why do they looking at me like that?
B) Why is they looking at me like that?
C) Why are they looking at me like that?
D) Why they are looking at me like that?
8. A) The cat isn't hiding from the dog, isn't it?
B) The cat hiding from the dog, isn't it?
C) The cat is hiding from the dog, doesn't it?
D) The cat is hiding from the dog, isn't it?
9. A) Is the girl speaking rudely or politely?
B) Are the girl speaking rudely or politely?
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C) Does the girl speaking rudely or politely?
D) The girl is speaking rudely or politely, isn't she?
10. A) The policemen is pointing at the dog.
B) The policemen isn't pointing at the dog.
C) The policemen are pointing at the dog.
D) The policemen doesn't pointing at the dog.
11. A) It doesn't not raining now.
B) It isn't rain now.
C) It's not raining now.
D)It doesn't raining now.
12. A) Mrs. Bell is no buying for her children ice-cream.
B) Mrs. Bell is buy ice-cream for her children.
C) Mrs. Bell buying ice-cream for her children.
D) Mrs. Bell is buying ice-cream for her children.
13.A) The students aren't drawing nothing.
B) The students are drawing nothing.
C) The students drawing nothing.
D) The students don't drawing nothing.
14.A) John's having a ride.
В) John has having a ride.
С) John having no ride.
D) John is have a ride.
15. A)Why they not cleaning the window?
B) Why they aren't cleaning the window?
C)Why aren't they cleaning the window?
D)Why don't they cleaning the window?
Test 6
Simple / Continuous. Choose either the Present Simple or Present
Continuous in the following sentences.
A) Present Simple
B) Present Continuous
1.What are you doing Nick?
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2. I’m cutting the grass.
3. I always cut the grass on Saturdays.
4. It's 1 o'clock. Nick's having lunch.
5. He always has lunch at 1 o'clock.
6. Mrs. Lee is pouring hot water in the tea-pot.
7. She wants to make some tea.
8. The workman is bringing a ladder.
9. He wants to climb up to the roof.
10. My bag is cheaper than yours.
11. We are taking photographs.
12. The parents are in the room next to ours.
13. This book is worth reading.
14. Tom is visiting a friend in Liverpool this weekend.
15. How do you feel when you're in an airport?
16. What do you usually do at the weekend.
17. This novel isn't boring at all.
18. Are you surprised at the news?
19. It's getting cold. I don't want to stay here any longer.
20. I'm tired of doing the same things every day.
Test 7
Choose the option to put in each sentence.
1. It's 5 o'clock. She ____ tea.
A) has
B) have
C) is having
D) having
2. My friend never ____ basketball.
A) playing
B) plays
C) play
D) am playing
3. Sorry, I can't. I ____ lunch.
A) have
B) am having
C) has
D) having
4.They ____ hamburgers and chips.
A) are liking
B) likes
C) like
D) doesn't like
5. When ____ your homework?
A) is you doing
B) you do
C) you doing
6. I cook meal and my sister____ the dishes.
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D) do you do
A) is wash
B) is washing
C) washes
D) wash
7. What ____ to do at the end of the lesson?
A) do you go
B) are you go
C) are you going
D) have you go
8. The boys ____ a game of football at the moment.
A) have
B) having
C) don't have
D) are having
9. Where ____ usually ____ in the evening?
A) do ... go
10. He
B) are ... go C) are ... going
D)do ... going
it now.
A) understand
B) understands
C) is understanding
D) is understand
16. Test 8
Present tenses for the future. Refer the situations to the future actions or the present ones.
A)Future
B) Present
1. - What's the man doing?
- He is mending the bike.
2. - What are they doing?
- They're watching TV.
3. - What are you doing on Saturday?
- We're visiting the Tower.
4. - Can you mend the table?
- Sorry , but I'm washing my car.
5. - Is Ann coming to the concert tomorrow?
- No, she isn't.
6. - Your sister is walking the dog, isn't she?
- Yes, she is.
7. - What time are Nick and John coming?
- I believe, Ann knows.
8. - When does the plane leave?
- It leaves at 8.00 p.m.
9. - Who's standing with John at the moment?
- I'm sorry, I don't know.
10. - Are you working next week?
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- I think, I am.
11. - What time does the film begin?
- I suppose at 7.30, as usual.
12. - Are you meeting Jane this evening?
-
I hope so.
Test 9
Simple / Continuous. Choose either the Present Simple or the Present Continuous in the
following sentences.
A) Present Simple
B) Present Continuous
1. He's in the bath room. I ____ (to think) he ____ (I wash) his hair.
2. Can I speak to your parents, please?
I'm sorry. They____ (to have) lunch at the moment.
3. I usually ____ (to cook) meals, and my brother ___ (to wash) the dishes.
4. Mr. Anderson ____ (to be) an English tourist who ____ (to travel) to Eastern Europe tomorrow.
Just now he ____ (to have) breakfast at home. After breakfast he ____ (to go) to do a lot of things.
5.She's a school teacher. She ____ (to teach) maths.
6. I _____ (to wear) glasses only for reading and watching TV.
7. On Sundays they ____ (to have) dinner at a restaurant.
8. Oh, I ____ (to go) to work as a nurse in Africa, in Kenya, and I____ (to
look) forward to it
because it's such an exotic country for me.
9. Some pupils are outside. They ____ (to try) to get in.
10. The weather____ (to be) terrible today.
11. You can't miss him. He ____ (to wear) a white jacket, and he ____ (to carry) a striped umbrella.
12. We ____ (to wear) woollen clothes in winter.
13. We ____ (to organize) a holiday walking tour in the North of Scotland. We____(to go) to cover
150 miles of mountainous country in ten days. It ____ (to go) to be a hard work. We ____ (to
go) to be wet, cold and tired a lot of the time. But it ____ (to go) to be fun!
14. It ____ (to rain) again.
Test 10
Simple / Continuous. Choose either the Present Simple or Present Continuous in the
following sentences.
A) Present Simple
B) Present Continuous
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1.The coffee ____ (to taste) delicious.
2. We ____ (to look for) someone who ____ (to want) to make money.
3.John ____ (to play) in the school team this season.
4.____ you ____ (to see) that nice butterfly near the stream?
5. If you ____ (not to listen ) to the radio, please ____ ( to switch) it off.
6. I____ (to hear) someone speaking in the next room.
7. WE ____ (to see off) our grandparents this morning.
8. Don't disturb him. He ____ (to water) flowers in the garden.
9.The cook ____ (to taste) the soup to see if it is right.
10. I
(to like) this cake, I
( to taste) almond in it.
11. I
(not to want) to go anywhere. I
(to have) a headache. I
( to feel) tired.
12.It
__ (to get) dark. Let's go home.
13. Jane (to have) got cold. I (not to think)she'll come to the party.
14. I ____ (to have) my hair cut on Tuesday.
15. The sea ____ (to grow) calmer. We can go to the beach in the afternoon.
16. You ____ (always to make) mistakes in your tests. You should be more attentive.
17. What ____ they ____ (to laugh) at? They ____
(to seem) to be very happy.
18.I ____ (to see ) my employer on Wednesday morning.
19. Who ____ this suitcase ____ (to belong) to?
20. The world ____ (to change) rapidly in such fields as business, art and medicine.
Test 11
Future Simple. Fill in the blanks.
A) will
B) won't
C) shall
1. How old ____ you be next birthday?
2. Our teacher is ill so she ____ be at school next week.
3. We haven't got any money so we ____ go on holiday this year.
4. ____ you be at home tomorrow?
5. It's already 5 o'clock. I'm afraid they
catch their train.
6. ____ I send the letter immediately?
7. Who ____ meet you at the station?
8. Your English is good. I'm sure you
pass the test.
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9. What time ____ I come this evening?
10. If you don't work hard, you ____ pass your test.
11.I ____ get the book for you. This ____ take LONG.
12. The train
arrive at the station on time, it?
13. Do sit down,
you?
14. Where
I go to buy all these things?
15. There
be any trouble,____ there?
Test 12
Will / be going to. Choose either the Future Simple or be going to in the following sentences.
A) will
B) be going to
1. It probably ____ (not to rain) tomorrow.
2. ____ you ____ (to come) to my house, please?
3. Why have you got the flowers?
Because I ____ (to visit) my teacher.
4.The sky is very dark. It ____ (to rain).
5. Come to the party.
- OK. I ____ (to bring) my friend.
6. I ____ (to walk) the dog.
Wait a minute, and I ____ (to come) with you.
7. I probably never
8. I
(to learn) this poem.
(to stop) smoking - I really will.
9. Have you decided what to buy Alex for his birthday?
Yes, I ____ (to buy) a computer game.
10. I love sewing. I ____ (to be) a fashion designer.
11. How about going for a picnic at the weekend?
That's a good idea. I ____ (to make) a cake.
12.What
I’m sure people
fashion( to be) like in the year 2000?
(not to wear) long dresses and suits. Clothes ___ ( to be)
comfortable and simple.
13. How long ____ it ____ (to take) you to do the work?
14. John, ____ you ____ (to do) me a favour?
15. Look at that tree. It ____ (to fall) down.
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Test 13
Future actions. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or Future Simple.
A) Future Simple
B) Present Simple
1. If I ____ (to be free) tomorrow night, I ____ (to go) to the concert.
2. He says he ____ (to look in) to see us before he ____ (to leave) our town.
3. Jane ____ (to stay) at home until she ____ (to feel) better.
4. When ____ you ____ (to visit) your grandma? - Probably next year.
5. When my brother ____ (to finish) school he ____ (to go) to college.
6. I _____ (to tell) you as soon as I ____ (to know).
7. I'd like to know when Dan ____ (to be back).
8. Give my love to Laura if you ____ (to see) her.
9. I ____ (not to know) when she ____ (to take) her
exam.
10. I don't think we ____ (to finish) our work in time
unless you ____ (to help) us.
11.I ____ (to give ) you my bike for tomorrow providing
you ____ (to bring) it back the day after tomorrow.
12. Mother says we____ (to have dinner) after she____ (to unpack) our things.
13. Don't get off the train until it ____ (to stop).
14. You may take this book if you ____ (not to keep) it too long.
15. Your boss ____ (to give) you the day off on condition that you ____ (to work) on Saturday
morning.
16. Provided that they ____ (not to do) anything stupid, they ____ (to win) tonight's match easily.
17. Unless he ( to arrive) soon, we ( to have to) go without him.
18. I
( to wonder) if they
( to follow) our advice.
Past Simple. Present Perfect. Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous
Test 14
Was / were. Put in was or were.
A) was
B) were
Last night I had a strange dream. I ___1___ in the world where all the colours
different. The grass
3
orange, the trees
4
white; in the green sky there
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5
2
a purple sun
and a moon the colour of blood. I
8
6
not frightened. In front of me there
There
10
a child again, eight years old, and I
9
7
lost. But I
a long street, stretching away as far as I could see.
no people, but all around me I heard the noise of big insects. It __11___
neither cold nor hot. I walked until I came to a church. In the church there
12
hundreds of
people, all looking at me. They started to come towards me, slowly at first, then faster and faster.
Then I woke up.
Test 15
Questions. Choose the correct variant of the question.
Bill was at home last night. He cleaned his clothes. First he put them in the washer. Next he
added soap. Later he placed the clothes in the dryer. Then he folded them. Bill was very proud he
did it himself.
1. A) Did Bill at home last night?
B) Did Bill was at home last night?
C) Did Bill be at home last night?
D) Was Bill at home last night?
2. A) Who did be at home last night?
B) Who was at home last night?
C) Who did at home last night?
D) Who did was at home last night?
3. A) When did Bill at home?
B) When did Bill was at home?
C) When was Bill at home?
D) When did Bill be at home?
4. A) Who cleaned clothes last night?
B) Who did cleaned clothes last night?
C) Who was cleaned clothes last night?
D) Who did clean clothes last night?
5. A) When Bill cleaned his clothes?
B) When did Bill cleaned his clothes?
C) When was Bill cleaned his clothes?
D) When did Bill clean his clothes?
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6. A) What he did first?
B) What was he do first?
C) What was he did first?
D) What did he do first?
7. A) Where he put them?
B) Where was he put them?
C) Where he was put them?
D) Where did he put them?
8. A) Why he placed them in the dryer?
B) Why did he place them in the dryer?
C) Why was he placed them in the dryer?
D) Why did he placed them in the dryer?
9. A) Was he folded them after that?
B) Did he folded them after that?
C) Did he fold them after that?
D) Was he fold them after that?
10. A) Was Bill proud?
B) Did Bill was proud?
C) Was Bill did proud?
D) Did Bill proud?
11. A) Why he was proud?
B) Why did he proud?
C) Why was he proud?
D) Why he proud?
Test 16
Present / Past. Read the text. Fill in the blanks in the questions.
People used to get water mostly from streams, lakes and rivers. Then cities started growing.
This brought many people to one place. They needed more water for their homes and factories.
Sometimes it didn't rain for a long time. Then the rivers had very little water left. People
learned to save water for these dry times. They built places in which to
store water. They called these places reservoirs.
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Reservoirs hold water until people in cities need it. Large pipes carry water from reservoirs
to the city. People also get water from wells.
Years ago, people lifted water out of wells in buckets. It was hard work and took a long
time. Now they pump the water up. The pump makes it easier for people to get water where they
want it.
A) do
B) does
C) did
E) are
F) was
G) —
D) is
1. Where ___ people use to get water from?
2. What ___ started growing?
3. Why ___ the rivers have very little water left?
4. What ___ people learn to do for the dry times?
5. What ___ people build to store water?
6. How long ___ reservoirs hold water?
7. What places ___ people call reservoirs?
8. What ___ reservoirs for?
9. How ___ people lift water out of wells years ago?
10. ___ you think, it ___ hard work?
11. How long ___ it take them to lift water out of wells years ago?
12. What ___ the way to get water now?
13. What ___ people do to lift water out of wells now?
14. ___ the pump make it easier to get water where they want?
Test 17
Regular / irregular verbs. Which of the verbs are regular ones? Write in the correct form of
each verb in the Past Simple.
R) regular verb
I) irregular verb
On the 15-th of October, two men ___1___ (to try) | to get to the top of Everest. They ___2___
(to make)| their camp at the bottom of the mountain. They 3 (to feel) very well in it. It ___4___
(to be) the highest camp on the mountain. The night before the climbing, they ___5___ (to drink)
tea and had supper. They
6
(to discuss) what to take with them to the top. The ___7___ (to
decide) to leave their sleeping bags and tents because the equipment
Early in the morning they
11
9
(to have) breakfast and _10
(to start) to go up the mountain. It
12
8___ (to be) too heavy.
(to get) dressed. Then they
(to be) extremely difficult. The snow
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13
(to
be) very deep. After a long, hard fight they
laugh),
16
(to shout) and
Then the sun
18
___25
23
(to reach) the top together. They
21
15
(to
(to take) some photographs.
(to disappear) and the two men
on the top of Everest and it
reach. They
17
14
19
(to realize) they
(to be) almost night. Their camp
(to go) a little way down the mountain, but there
22
24
20
(to be)
(to be) too far to
(to be) no moon and it
(to be) too dangerous.
They
26
(to have) to spend the night on the mountain, at about 10,000 metres, with no
tents, sleeping bags or food. They
dig) a hole in the snow, and
30
27
(to believe) it
28
(to be) possible. They
(to bury) themselves. They
31
29
(not to sleep). It
(to
32
(to be) -30 °C. When the light
33
(to come) at last they
their camp. They
36
34
(to begin) climbing down, and soon they
(to be) happy.
Test 18
Present Perfect. Fill in the blanks.
A) already
B) yet
C) still
1. Have you made your bed ____ ?
2. He's ____ come back from jogging, and he's a bit tired.
3. - Have they woken up ____ ? - No, they are ____ asleep.
4. I haven't had a bath ____ .
5. My brother has
graduated from the university.
6. He's ____ set the table.
7. We haven't seen your best friend ____ .
8. Will you ____ love me when I'm old and grey?
9. I've ____ combed my hair. I'm dressing now.
10. He's ____ setting the table.
11. They are here. They haven’t gone
.
12. She's __
looking for her notebook.
13. They are
waiting for a bus. The bus hasn’t arrived
Test 19
Fill in the blanks with time words where necessary.
A) since
B) for
C) —
117
.
35
(to get) to
1. My parents have worked for this company ___ 1993.
2. My elder brother left school ___ three years ago.
3. We have known the Smiths ___ they moved to Bridge Street.
4. John has played in the school team ___ two years.
5. Mr. Dave was Jane's teacher ___ last year.
6. The team hasn't lost matches ___ several years.
7. Tom has been ill ___ a week.
8. They have had a new car__ January.
9. I slept well __ last night.
10. We've known each other __. a long time.
11. They lived in Australia ___ one year.
12. I haven't seen him ___ last night.
13. I played the guitar ___ three years.
14. It's been ages ___ my last meal, and I'm very hungry.
15. That theatre was closed many years ago.
Test 20
Choose the correct word suitable for each sentence.
1.I have
been late for school.
A)ever B)never
2. Have you
C) yet
D) as
forgotten a friend's birthday?
A) ever
B) never
C)yet
3.Have they watered the plants
A) ever
?
B) never
C) yet
4.I've not peeled the potatoes
A)ever
D) as
D) just
.
B)as
C) yet
D) always
5.Have you finished your lunch?
- No, I'm ___ eating it.
A) always
B) still
6. He's been to Paris ___ .
A)once
B) never
C)yet
C) yet
D) recently
D) ever
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7. I haven't had bad dreams
.
A) already
B) several times
C) yet
D) so far
8. Have you had a holiday
A) just
C)ever
?
B) this year
D) for a long time
9.Has he driven a car ?
A) just now
B) before
C) ever
D) for a long time
10.I haven't eaten any fruit
A) just now
.
B) today
C) never
D) yesterday
Test 21
Present Perfect / Past Simple. Use either the Present Perfect or Past Simple in the
following sentences.
A) Past Simple
B) Present Perfect
1. George went to the cinema, but he____ (not to enjoy) the film much.
2. ____ you ever ____ (to have) any serious illness?
3. I
(to come) to school without glasses. I can't
read the text.
4. Who ____ (to eat) all the apples?
5. So far we ____ (to have) no troubles.
6. Jane ____ (to move) to a new flat a month ago.
7. We ____ (to wonder) where he gets his money.
8. Do you know that they ___ (to be born) on the same day?
9.How often ____ you ____ (to fall) in love?
10. I'm delighted to tell you that you ____ (to pass) your
exam.
11.I ____ (to use) to swim every day when I was young.
12. Some people think that "The twelfth night"____ (not to be written) by Shakespeare.
13. I ____ (to break, already ) two plates. Shall I go on washing up?
14. I'm not sure we
(to meet) before.
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15. You ____ (to be, always) my closest friend.
16. When ____ you ____ (to go) to Brazil?
17. It's two months since I ____ (to start) driving my car.
18. This is the first time I ____ (to eat) so many hamburgers.
19. My father ____ (to work) for that company for 5 years. Than he gave it up.
20. I ____ (to use) to be afraid of dogs.
21. Susan ____ (to use) to sit in her room and play the piano for hours.
Test 22
Present Perfect / Perfect Continuous. Use either the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous in
the following sentences.
A) Present Perfect (have / has done)
B) Present Perfect Continuous (have / has been doing)
1. I ____ (to try) to open this box for the last forty minutes but in vain.
2. It ____ (to snow): the garden is covered with snow.
3. Who ____ (to break) the window?
4. You ____ (to smoke)! I can smell tobacco on your clothes.
5. It's the best book I ____ ( ever to read).
6.I ____ (to listen) to you for the past half an hour, but I can't understand what you are speaking
about.
7.How long your aunt ____ (to be ill)?
8.The school ____ (to be closed) for two months.
9.Hey! Somebody ____ (to drink) my coffee! My cup was full.
10.I don't think I ____ (ever to see) her looking so upset before.
11. I ____ (to sit) here in the park for an hour, and I ____ (to meet) three friends of mine.
12. How much money have you ____ (to save) for the holidays?
13.I____ (to wait for) you since two o'clock.. I have something urgent to tell you.
14. She
( to take) guitar lessons this year. She is very patient and hard-working.
15. Last season our team didn't win many games, but this season we ____ (to lose) only one so far.
Past Continuous / Past Perfect / Past Perfect Continuous
Test 23
120
When (suddenly). Match the sentence on the left and the sentence on the right and make a
new one linking with when.
1. Jane was walking home
A) he fell off the ladder.
2. John was painting a picture
B) she cut her finger.
3. Mr. Drill was driving to the airport
C) their ball broke a window.
4. She was chopping potatoes
D) the teacher entered the room.
5. Dan was climbing a tree
E) a branch broke.
6. We were having a picnic
F) he spilled the paint.
7. Jill was sleeping
G) the wind blew her hat off.
8. The children were playing football
H) his car broke down.
9. He was painting the
I) the telephone woke her up.
bedroom
10. The students were talking
J) it started raining.
Test 24
Past Continuous / Past Simple. Put the verbs into the correct form, Past Continuous or Past
Simple.
A) Past Continuous
B) Past Simple
1. ____ you ____ (to wait) for me at 5 p.m.? - Yes, I
.
2. They ____ (to finish) their work at 11 o'clock and came home.
3. It ____ (to grow) dark, so we ____ (to decide) to return.
4. While Jack ____ (to sit) biting his nails, we ____ (to work) out a plan to cover up our traces.
5. A young man ____ (to run) out into the street. He ____ (to carry) a strange poster.
6. What ____ you ____ (to do) when I ____ (to phone) you yesterday?
7. John ____ (to listen) to the radio when the batteries ____ (to run) out.
8. The robbers ____ (to steal) the car and ____(to drive) away.
9. She ____ (to go) to buy a dress, but a thief____ (to steal) all her money.
10.She ____ (to slip), ____ (to fall) over and ____
(to break) her ankle. - The Royal Carriage ____ (to come) round the comer.
Everywhere people____ (to wave) and____ (to cheer).
Test 25
Past Perfect / Past Simple. Put the verbs into the correct form,
121
A)Past Perfect
B) Past Simple.
1. Jane ____ (to wash) all the test-tubes after she____(to complete) the experiment.
2.She ____ (to do) the cleaning by 6 o'clock yesterday.
3.After the stewardesses ____ (to serve) lunch to the passengers, they ____ (to calm) down.
4.I ____ (not to have) my watch, so I ____ (not to know) the exact time.
5.He ____ (to feel) sick because he ____ (to eat) too much.
6. She ____ (to finish) her report, and was feeling rather tired, so she ____ (to go) to bed.
7. By two o'clock he ____ (to answer) all the letters he ____ (to receive).
8. The bus____ (to leave) before I ____ (to reach) the bus station.
9. As soon as they _____ (to finish) breakfast, they ____ (to run) out to play.
10. When we ____ (to meet) our friends they ____ (already to know) the news.
11. When you ____ (to call) me, I ____ (not yet to do) the sum.
12. She ____ (to intend) to make a cake for you, but she ____ (to run) out of time.
13. Hardly we____ (to go) to bed when somebody____ (to knock) at the door.
14. No sooner she ___ (to come) than she ___ (to fall) ill.
Test 26
Past tenses. Put the verbs into the correct form, the Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Past
Simple or Past Continuous.
A) Past Simple
C) Past Perfect
B) Past Continuous
D) Past Perfect Continuous
1. The workers ____ (to be) on a strike for three weeks when the agreement on pay ____ (to be
reached).
2. When she got the results of her medical tests, she realized that she ____ (to feel) ill since she
____ (to be) on holiday.
3. The door was unlocked. She ____ (to wonder) who ____ (leave) the door open.
4. He ____ (to play) football when the ball ____ (to hit) his head.
5. He ____ (to drive) to work for half an hour when suddenly his car ____ (to break) down.
6. When he arrived at the office he____ (to discover) that he ____ (to leave) all the necessary
papers at home.
7. Susan ____ (to type) some letters when the boss (to ask) her into his office.
8. She looked tired. She____ (to type) letters all morning.
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9. Yesterday afternoon it ____ (still to rain) when I ____ (to get) home.
10. He ____ (to clean) the car when the phone rang, so he ____ (not to answer) it.
11. When I ____ (to be) little, my mother ____ (to use) to feed me.
12. Jane's clothes were wet. She ____ (to wash) her dog.
13. Jerry ____ (to be) nervous, for he ____ (never to flow) in an aeroplane before. 14 I ____ (never
to like) going to the cinema on my own
when I was a teenager.
15. Kate ____ (to dance), but when she saw a newcomer she ____ (to stop).
Test 27
Right / wrong — tenses. Find the mistake and correct it.
A) right
B) wrong
1.We are here since April.
2.Have you been crying? - No, I've been chopping onions.
3.I wonder what will happen if he push this button.
4.How long are you working for this company?
5.It was a lovely day so we decided to stroll in the park for an hour.
6.This is the smallest dog I'd ever seen.
7.I know you are just pretending to read because you've got the book upside down.
8. Can you think of any other songs? We have sang all the ones we know.
9. I have ever been to Jamaica.
10. I used to walking to school, and I used to thinking that it was very unfair that I couldn't go there
by bus.
11. Someone has been stealing my bicycle.
12. The students were working for two hours when the teacher told them to stop writing.
13. I already saw this film twice, but I'd like to see it again.
14. He looks angry! Had he been arguing?
15. She is cleaning her teeth at the moment.
16. The dog won't bother you unless you teased him.
78. We hadn't seen her at the party last night.
18. The more you study, the better results will be.
19. He isn't exactly a stranger - I had met him once before.
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Test 28
Gerund / infinitive (1). Write what each word or expression is followed by.
A) to + verb
B) verb + -ing
C) both are possible
1.want
2. would like
3. sorry
4. decide where
5. begin
6. get used to
7. continue
8. pleased
9. regret
10.suggest
11. love
12. start
13.used
14. mind
15. go on
16. enjoy
17. remember
19. hate
20. would prefer
18. suspect of
21. would love
Test 29
Gerund / infinitive (2). Put the verb in brackets into the correct form, gerund or infinitive.
A) to + verb
B) verb + -ing
1. I'm thinking of (go) to Brazil.
2. You cannot live without (do) such stupid things.
3. He isn't good at (drive) his car.
4. Try to avoid (lose) your temper.
5. He seems (know) everything about it.
6. It's no use (cry) over spilt milk.
7. Would you mind (repeat) your threat?
8. You should practise (say), "Red little lorry, yellow little lorry."
9. It's useless (argue) with him. He won't listen to any reason.
10. They were advised (take) a packed lunch.
11. Do you think it's worth (see) this film?
12. If you want (lose) weight, try (eat) less.
13. It's forbidden (smoke) here.
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14. I'm not keen on (work) late.
15. I'm not very fond of (shop).
16. He managed (calm) her by promising to return soon.
17. Mary is crazy about (take) photographs.
18. In Arabia the usual way of (travel) is by camel.
19. You needed (add) some more sugar to that.
Test 30
Tense mixture. Decide which answer A), B), C) or D) best fits each space.
The Grasshopper and the Ant
A grasshopper spent the summer singing and dancing in the sun. One day he saw an ant
hurrying by. She 1 and hot.
"Why __ you
"I'm
3
2
on such a lovely day?" asked the grasshopper.
food for the winter," the ant said and went on her way. She
4
all the other ants
carrying food to their store. The grasshopper sang another song and carried on dancing.
When winter came and there 5 on the ground, the grasshopper
went and asked the ants
8
to eat. He
7
so he
him some food.
"We worked all summer
10
6
9
our food. What
you do?" said one of the ants.
"I 11 singing and dancing," replied the grasshopper.
"Well, if you
12
all summer and do no work," said the ant, "then you must starve in the
winter."
MORAL: Always
1. A) looked tiring
13
for difficult times in the future.
B) looking tired
C) looked tired
2. A) do ... work
B) do ... working C) are ... working
3. A) collect
B) collecting
4. A) was joined
C) joins
5. A) was snow
C) were snowed
C) had nothing
7. A) was hungried
D)is ... working
C) collected
B) was joining
B) was snowed
6. A) had no nothing B) didn’t have nothing
D) didn’t had anything
B) was hungry
125
D) looks tired
D) collects
D)joined
D) were snow
C) wasn't hungry D) hungried
8. A) to give
B) give
C)to gave
D) gave
9. A) to collect
B) collect
C) collected
10. A) was
D) to collected
B) were
C) do
D) did
11.A) was busy
B) were busy
D) weren’t busy
C) wasn't busy
12.A) sing and dance
B) sang and danced
C) were singing and dancing
13.
D) sings and dances
A)prepare
B) prepares
C) prepared
D) preparing
Test 31
Tense mixture. Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
Once, when I was a young man, I
1
in India. One evening, after 2 in the forest all day, I
was returning alone to the place where I 3
dark, and I was
5
forest. Suddenly I
my tent. It
4
along a narrow path. On my right was a wide river; on my left, a thick, dark
6
two green eyes
7
at me from among the trees. A man-eating tiger
8
ready to jump on me.
What
9
I do?
10
right. In the river 12
I
14
I jump into the river and
an immense crocodile
16
the tiger jumped. What do you think had
right over me and was now in the jaws of the crocodile.
story, believe it or not.
1. A) was travelling
my life by swimming? I looked to the
13 welcome me with its mouth wide open.
that I shut my eyes. I heard branches 15
happened? The tiger
11
B) was traveled
126
17
a true
C) traveling
2. A)hunt
C) hunted
D) were travelled
B) hunting
D) some hunting
3. A) had put on B) had put up
C) had put off D) had put in
4. A) was get
B) was got
C) was getting D) getting
5. A) walked
C) walk
B) walking
D) was walking
6. A) have seen B) had seen
C) saw
7. A)look
C)looking
D) was seeing
B) looked
D) had looked
8. A) was get to B) was getting
C) got to
9. A)can
C) could
10. A) Shall be
C) Should be
D) was getting to
B) can have
D) could have
B) Shall
D) Should
11. A) hope save B) shall hope to save
C) hoped save D) hope to save
12. A) there was B) there were
C) it was
13. A) waiting
D) it were
B) waiting to
C) waiting for D) waited for
127
14. A) was so frightened
B) was so frightening
C) was as frightened
15. A) moving as
B) moving
C) move
D) moved as
16. A) has jumped
B) had jumped
C) was jumped
D) was jumping
17. A) That is
B) That was
C) That's been
D) That had been
Test 32
Tense mixture. Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
_1__ Boxtel who
2
the government about the letters in Van Baerle's house. Through his
telescope he had seen Cornelious De Witte
3
the letters to his brother. He thought that these
4
secret letters about matters of government.
"Oh!" he said, "I 5
the officers of the government about this. As soon as he
shall go into his house and
7
6
away I
the bulbs of the Black tulip and get the hundred thousand guilders."
Boxtel saw the soldiers 8
Van Baerle away.
Evening came, and the servants
9
the house. Night came; stars
10
in the sky, and from
far below came the restless noise of the city. The sounds of the city died away into silence.
Then Boxtel took a lamp. He
11
quickly __ the wall. He forced open a window and went
into the house. He .went up the stairs into the seed room. He
everywhere; but there
13
C) There was
2. A) was told
C) had told
3. A) give
C) was given
the box, on the table -
bulbs. He looked again. No! The bulbs had gone. Where __ they 14
?
1. A) It were
12
B) It was
D) There were
B) has told
D) had been told
B) gives
D) had been given
128
4. A) may
B) might
C) may be
D) might be
5. A)say
B) will say
C) tell
D) will tell
6. A) will taken
B) will be taken
C) is taken
D) is found
7. A) find
B) was leading
C) is find
D) leads
8. A) would lead
B) were shut up
C) lead
D) had shut up
9. A) shut up
B) had been
C) shutting up
D) were
10. A) has been
B) had been
C) was
D) were
11. A) climbed in
B) climbed over
C) climbed through
12. A)looked in
D) climbed under
B) looked for
C) looked out
D) looked up
13. A) was no
B) was not
C) were no
D) were not
14. A) have ... gone
C) had ... gone
B) were…gone
D) had …been gone
Test 33
Mixture. Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
There
1
ways. One way
about 9,000 different kinds of birds 2
4
birds is by whether they live on land
129
the world. We can
3
birds in many
5 water. Another way is by the part of
the world
6
live in. Some birds live in tropical or hot places,
7
8 by what they eat. There 9 types of birds, and many ways to tell
Different birds 11
eat fruit 12
10
seeds. Swallows and chickadees are examples of birds 13
15
1. A) is
B) are
D) were
2. A) on
B) has told
C)in
D) had been told
3. A) not group B) to group
C) grouping
D) group
4. A) to group
B) group
C) grouping
5. A)and
D) to grouping
B) or
C) either
6. A) we
C) you
D) under
B) it
D) anothers
7. A)others
B) group
C) another
D) grouped
8. A) be group
B) are much
C) be grouped
D) are not any
9. A) are many B) are much
C) is lots of
D) are not any
10. A)they
B) their
C) its
insects. Many 14
to their babies. King-fishes are birds that
long sharp bills which they use when catching fish.
C) was
apart.
different foods. Sparrows and many small birds eat seeds. Tropical birds
both seeds and insects and feed
11. A) eats
in cold places. Birds can also
D) them
B) eat
C) are eating D) eating
130
17
even eat other birds.
16
eat
. They have
12.A) as well as B) no
C) either
D) not a
13.A) which eats B) that eat
C) who eats
D) eat
14. A) grown birds
B) grew birds
C) growing bird
D) grown bird
15. A) these
C) this
B) that
D) their
16. A) eat fishes B) eat fish
C) eating fish D) eating fishes
17. A) Some birds
B) Any birds
C) No birds
D) Not a bird
131
READING COMPREHENSION
Test 1
Identify errors in the underlined parts of the sentences. There is only one error in each sentence.
Find it.
1. He thinks she is beautiful, but I don't agree with her.
A
B
C
2. I advise you check all your exam answers before you hand your paper in.
A
B
C
3. I'd like knowing where you are.
A
B
C
4. The light didn't work because anyone had taken the bulb.
A
B
C
5. The tourist have asked a passer-by how far the post office was.
A
B
C
6. A small boy often stands outside the bicycle shop and gaze at the wonderful
A
B
C
machines in the window.
7. Are you always go to bed without getting undressed?
A
B
C
D
8. Think how wonderful that will being when you have tamed me!
A
B
C
9.What will you be doing this time last year?
A
B
C
10.He said them that he was going to give up smoking.
A
B
C
11. Ice-cream was known five hundreds years ago.
A
B
C
12. Men have no most time to understand anything.
A
B
C
13. The Little Prince lived along on a tiny planet no larger than a house.
A
B
C
14. The ancient Hindus believed that the Earth was a bowl hold up by elephants.
A
132
B
C
15. American black bears appear in a variety of colour despite their name.
A
B
C
Test 2
Identify errors in the underlined parts of the sentences. There is only one error in each sentence.
Find it.
1. How dare you talk to me as that?
A
B
C
D
2. I used eating a lot of chocolates, but now I'm on a diet.
A
B
C
D
3. John asked me if I know where she lived.
A
B
C
D
4. Kate felt very hot and sticky so she had had shower, and then she felt clean.
A
B
C
D
5. It was such a cold day that the sea frozen.
A B
C
D
6. She looked as if she had seen a ghosts.
A
B
C
D
7.Everyone wonder if that is your crocodile.
A
B
C
D
8.Every people say you should run down a hill if you 're chased by a bear.
A
B
C
D
9.Astronomers believe and point out that stars, like or sun, made up of gases.
A
B
C
D
10.But there is not shop anywhere where one can buy friendship.
A ______________________________________________________________
B _______________________________________________________________
C _____________________________________________________________
D
11. Some people think that young players shouldn't be allowed to become
A
B
professionals until the age of 17 or l8 at last.
133
C _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
D
12.They say what the best thing to do when you meet a bear is to run.
A
B
C
D
13.In the beginning of the day I don't know quite when I'm going to sleep at
A
B
C
D
night.
14. More than fifteen thousand ships passes through the canal each year.
A
B
C
D
15. In 776 BC the first Olympic games were held at the foot of the Mount
A
B
C
Olympus to honour the Greeks' chief God, Zeus.
D
Test 3
Identify errors in the underlined parts of the sentences. There is only one error in each sentence.
Find it.
1. Hardly had he got home when the phone rung.
A
B
C
D
2. Jake has hidden Angela's Christmas present in the
A
B
wardrobe and doesn't want his sister look there.
C
D
3. He felt better later because he had rested since lunch times.
A
B
C
D
4.You couldn't have seen me in Rome because I was staying in the country
A
B
since June to August last year.
C
D
5. Read the material as slow as you must to understand what it says.
A
B
C
6.I don't know why I'm laughing. I've never been so frightened
A
B
in whole my life.
D
134
C
D
7. In the heavens, the stars seem stay in a fixed place among other stars in the
A
B
C
D
sky.
8. Near the town where Antoine spent his school holidays was a large airfield,
A
B
and he never tired to going there to watch the planes.
B
D
9.It is hard for us to realize now that when great-grandmother
A
B
was a little girl there were no so things as light bulbs.
C
D
10.If you ask your mother for one fried egg for breakfast
A
B
C
and she gives you two fried eggs and you eat both them,
who is better in
D
arithmetic, you or your mother?
11.Having well time and enjoying yourself, looking for happiness in life is
A
B
C
very important to American people.
D
12.In the America there are tennis schools which accept
A
B
children from as young as nine.
C
D
13. Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranged
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________ A
_____________________________________________________________
B
in length from five to six feet.
C
D
14.If a disease is infection, it means that it can be spread from person to
A
B
person, especially in the air.
C
D
15.I don't really want to play football on Sunday. But since
135
A
B
there is no one else taking my place, I can't really get out of it.
C
D
136
PRE-EXAM TESTS
Test 1
1. Your sister used to visit your parents quite often____?
A) didn't she
B) wouldn't she _____________ C) doesn't she
D) hadn't she
1. I ____ that the students should study more.
A) am feeling
B) feel C) is feeling
D) feels
2. How many times ____ (you) to Rome?
A) were
B) have been C) was
D) had been
4. Look. ____ sitting on the bench.
A) There is a kitten
B) There is a kitten is
C) There a kitten is
D) There is a kitten who are
5. I have no idea ____ .
A) who's book is this B) whose book is this
B) C) who's book this is D) whose book this is
6.Nancy tried to get the thread____ the eye of the needle.
A) to
B)out
C) in
D) through
7.You'd ____ hurry up or else we'll be late
A) rather
B)should
C) better
D) have to
8.I can hear a noise; I think ____ is outside.
A) some
B) somebody C) somehow
9. Jane doesn’t have
D) somewhere
tonight.
A)many homeworks
B) many homeworks
C) much homework
D) many homework
10.Have you written ____________________________________________ names?
A)everybody __________________________________________________________
B)everybody’s
C) everybodys’
D) everybodies'
11.Let me give you
.
A) an advice
C)some advice
137
B) the advices
D) some advices
12. I don't like it here. Let's go somewhere
A) else
B) again
13. Where is centre of
C)more
.
D) once
earth?
C) -… the
A) -…B) a…the
D) a…a
E) the…-
F) the …the
14. ____ in Moscow.
A) Most my friends lives
B) Most of my friends lives
C) Most my friends live
15.I have
D) Most of my friends live
interest in his problems.
A) very few
B) very little
C) a very few D) a very little
16.I like these dishes, but ____ is a little small.
A) the cup of tea
B) the tea's cup
C) the tea cup
D) the cup for the tea
17.Although your sister is very popular, she is not
A) pretty as
B) prettier than
C) so pretty
D)more pretty than
18. I bought a pig this morning.
A) nice big pink
B) pink nice big
B) big nice pink
D) nice pink big
19.I could never be bored ____ football.
A) at
B) about
C) with
D) in
20. We came here
A)speak
to your parents.
C) to speak
138
as mine.
B) speaking
D)to speaking
Test 2
1. Are you sure Ann
A) knows to
use your camera?
C) knows the
B) knows how to D) knows how
2. When I saw the girl I was sure I ____ her before.
A) meet
B) have met
C) met
D) had met
3. Everybody____ work hard if they want to pass exams.
A) will must
B) will must to
4. This car isn't going
C) will have
in the race.
A) to drive
C) to driven
B) to be drive
D) to be driven
5. We would like
A) give
B) giving
D) will have to
you a present
C) to give
D) to giving
6. I you to read this book.
A) am wanting
C) want
B) wants
D) am wanted
7. I will need about the incident before I make a decision.
A) a few information
B) a little information
C) few information
D) a little informations
8. My hair
very dirty, I must wash
.
A) is … it
C) isn’t …it
B) B) are ... them
D) aren't ... them
9. He seemed to be
.
A)nice man
C) a nice man
139
B) nice men
D) a nice men
10. I bought
yesterday.
A) two loafs of bread
B)two loaves of bread
C) two loafs of the bread
D) two loaves of the bread
No one could find Nick ____ .
A) somewhere
12.
B) nowhere
Russia and
C) anywhere
D) everywhere
, United States are separated by
A) -…-…-…-…
B) the…the…the…
C) -…the…-…
D) -…the…the
13.How much money have you got?
A) None.
B) Nothing.
C) No one
D) No.
14. We have very
A) few
money left.
B) little
C) a few
D) a little
15.This coffee tastes a little ____to me.
A) hottly
B) hot
16. As soon as I
A) will finish
C) so hot
D) too much hot
reading the article, I will give it to you.
C) finished
B) would finish
D) finish
17. I don't want
.
A) this dirty ones
C) these dirty one
B) these dirty ones
D) this one dirty
18. She is good
languages, but she is bad
A) in ... in
C) in ... at
140
math.
Pacific ocean.
B) at ... at ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________ D)at ... in
19.____ Jim, who is going to see her off?
A) Apart
20. You
B) Beside
C) Besides
D) Except
better lock all the windows and the front door before we leave.
A) should
B) had
C) would
D) ought
Test 3
1.
late.
A) Not be
C) Be not
B) don’t be
D) don’t
2. Jane ___ three letters so far.
A) Write
B) have written
C) wrote
D) has written
3. Will a lot of work next year?
A)there
B) be there
C) there be
D) there is
4. George __
A) has
any lunch so he was very hungry in the afternoon.
B) had
C) doesn’t
5. Ann
D) didn’t have
eat less, she’s too fat.
A) shouldn’t B) should
C) mustn’t to D) must to
6. The teacher asked us
A) not talk
to each other.
B) to not talk
C) not to talk D) to not to talk
7.I’d like
more ice-cream.
A) some
B) not
141
C) any D) every
8. Jack cut
when he was chopping carrots.
A) him B) himself
C) his
D) oneself
9. They’ve already bought two
A) trousers
.
C) pair of trouser
B) pairs if trouser _______________________________________________________
D) pairs of trousers
10. ____ informed immediately.
A) A police is
C) The police is
B) Polices are
D) The police are
11.They decided to go on a hike ____ the rain.
A) despite of
B) in spite
C) despite in
D) in spite of
12.I wonder how much ____ on sale.
A)cost these shoes
B) these shoes cost
C)do these shoes cost
13.
D) are these shoes cost
Amazon in ____ Brazil is ____ river in
South America.
A) - … the … - … - …
B) the … - … the … C) the … - … the … the
D) - … - … the … the
14. ____ children ____ happy with their presents.
A) Both ... was
B) Both ... were
C) Both of ... was
D) Both of ... were
15. Do you want to spread ____ honey on your slice of bread?
A) few
B) little
C) a few
D) a little
15. Kate hasn't seen her elder brother ____ three years.
A) since
B) from C) for
D) before
16. If the bus arrives ____ , we'll miss the train. A) lateness
late
142
B) more late C) lately
D)
17. A) I will understand never my parents.
B) I won't never understand my parents.
C) I will never understand my parents.
D) I won't understand my parents never.
18. You were rude ____ him for no reason.
A) at
B) with
C) to
D) on
19. I didn't enjoy the party, and Mary didn't.____ .
A) either
B) as well
C) neither
D) also
Test 4
1. Mrs. Anderson is angry because her daughter____ to a stranger.
A) talking
B) is talking
C) to talking
D) to be talking
2.Since they____ to New York he hasn't spoken Russian.
A) went
B) has gone
B)were going
D) had gone
3.It is stupid ____ your homework.
A) not to do
B) not doing
C) not do
D) not to doing
4.I bought everything we need yesterday so I ____ go shopping today.
A) mustn't
B) don't have to
C) haven't
D) don't have
5.Will these clothes ____ by Saturday?
A) make
B) made
C) be make
D) be made
6.We ____ to come home earlier.
A) said him
B) told him
C) said to
7.There were ____ interesting people at the party last
night.
A) any
B) not
C) no
D) every
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D) told to him
8.Just look at ____ in the mirror, you're so dirty!
A) your
B) oneself C) yours
D) yourself
9.The ____ pens and pencils are on the desk.
A) children
B) childrens
C) children's
D) childrens'
10.The mice ____ the cheese.
A) have eaten
B) have been eaten
C) has eaten
D) has been eaten
11.____ easy questions to answer.
A) This is not
B) These is not
C) This are not
D) These are not
12. How soon we'll leave this place depends ____ the weather.
A) of
B) on _____________________________________________________
C) for
D) from
13.I don't like using ____ phone, I prefer letters.
A) —
B) the
C) a
D) some
14. Manchester is ____ city in the north of England.
A) —
B) a
C) the
15. ____ knew what we were doing.
A) Neither man
B) Neither men C) Neither of man
D) Neither of men
16.I'll see you in ____ quarter of __ hour.
A)— ... —
B) — ... an
C) the ... an
D) a ... —
E) a ... an
F) the ... the
17. Nancy usually does her work very ____ and well, but today she seems a little absent - minded.
A) careful manner
B) carefully
C) care
D) careful
18. A) Have you been ever to the Planetarium?
B) Have ever you been to the Planetarium?
C) Have you been to the Planetarium ever?
D) Have you ever been to the Planetarium?
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19. He made a silly mistake. It was very stupid ____ him.
A) about
B) with
C) of
D) to
20. This is the best film I have ____ seen.
A) still
B) ever
C) never
D) so far
Test 5
1.Jack ____ regularly late for school.
A)—
B) is
C) be
D) does
2.This shoe ____ to Mr. Brown, I think.
A) belong
B) is belonging
B) belongs
D) are belonging
3.There ____ one in the yard last night.
A) were not
B) were no
C) was not
D) was no
4.____ wash the car. The paint is still wet.
A) needn't
B) don't have to
C)mustn't
D) have to
5.Dad didn't let us ____ to the disco.
A) go
B) going
C) to go
D) to going
6.Barbara said that her grandma____ her some money.
A) give
C) will give
B) would give
D) would be given
7.Dave telephoned, but there was ____ at home.
A) nowhere
B) nothing
C) nobody
D) no
8.That lonely old lady often talks to ____ .
A) her
B) yourself
C) herself
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D) hers
9. My aunt's geese ____ nice and white.
A) is
B) are
C) was
D) has been
10.____ too difficult for me.
A )Physic is
B) Physics is
C)Physic are
D) Physics are
11.Are the new curtains longer than the old ____ ?
A) one
B) one's C) ones
D) ones'
12.Can you play ____ guitar?
A) —
B) the
C) a
D)any
13. ____ sleeping.
A) All us was
B) All of us was
C) All us were
D) All of us were
14. There ____ books to be read.
A) is always plenty
B) are always plenty
C) is always plenty of
D) are always plenty of
15. One fifth ____ in our class can speak German.
A) students
B) of students
C) of the students
D) student
16.The coat was____ expensive that I couldn't afford it.
A) so
B) too much
C) too
D) very
17. ____ Browns went to____ Greece for____ New Year's holiday.
A)—...—...—
C) The ... — ... —
B) The ...—... the
D) — ... — ...the
18. Will you listen to me ____ ?
A) attentive
B) attentiveness C) attentively
19. A) Dan rode the horse quickly across the field.
B) Dan rode quickly the horse across the field.
C) Across the road Dan rode the horse quickly.
D) Dan quickly rode the horse across the field.
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D) attention
20. Jane was quite ____ his behaviour.
A) astonishing with B) astonishing at
C) astonished with
D) astonished at
Test 6
1.The Stuarts ____ Africa is a very interesting continent to visit.
A) think
C) thinks
B) is thinking
D) are thinking
2. We sat by ____ sea and watched the birds in ____sky.
A) — ... —
B) — ... the
:i the ... —
D)the ... the
3. We've booked the seats for ____ .
A) seventh July
B) the seventh of July
C) seven July
D) the seven of July
4.We are going to Antalia as soon as ____ taking our final exam.
A) we're finish
B) we'd finish
C) we'll finish
D) we finish
5. This new perfume is not much ____ the others they have produced.
A) different
B) different than C) different from
D) different that
6. Please give me ____ .
A) a yellow
C) yellow one
B) a yellow one
D) a yellow ones
7. A) The dog chased the cat down the street quickly this morning.
B) The dog chased the cat quickly down the street this morning.
C) The dog chased quickly the cat down the street this morning.
D) The dog chased the cat quickly this morning down
8.She looks ____ about something.
A) alarm
B) alarmed C) alarming
D) alarmness
9. This is ____ I've ever read.
A) one of most boring book
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B) one of most boring books
C) one of the most boring book
D) one of the most boring books
10. My friend was ____ going to the cinema.
A) most interested of
B) the most interested of
C) the most interested in
D) most interested with
11.1 wonder where ____ .
A) he did go
B) he went
C) did he go
D) went he
12.Both Nick and George, ____ Dan, are studying medicine at Washington University.
A) as well as
B) and well as
C) as well to
D) and as well
13.____ the traffic, I managed to arrive on time.
A) Despite of
B) In spite
C) Despite in
D) Despite
14.Do you like _____ in the sitting room?
A) a furniture
B) a furnitures
C) the furniture
D) the furnitures
15. ____ was brilliant blue.
A)Sky
B) The sky
C) A sky
16. Could you please tell me where
D) The skies
?
A) is the nearest post office located
B) the nearest post office is located
C) is located the nearest post office
D) located is the nearest post office
17.____ a lovely flower! Thank you very much!
A) How
B) So
C) What
D) That
18.If you don't know the meaning of this word, ____ in the dictionary.
A) chase it up
B) look it up
C) search it out
D) find it out
19.Mike ____ wear a lot of warm clothes as it wasn't very cold.
148
A) needed to
B) didn't need to C) I don't need to
D) don't needed to
20.I would like to leave a message for ____ if I may.
A) they
B) their
C) them
D) theirs
Test 7
1. He is ____ intelligent to be taken in by such a trick.
A) enough
B) very
C) too
D) quite
2. Do you know how to measure the ____ of the building?
A) high
B) height
C) highness
D)tallness
3. I wish the weather ____ not so cold.
A) will
B) were
C) be
D)is
4. Would you please ____ write in ink on the books?
A) don’t
B) not
C) not to
D) to not
5.We are all looking forward ____ your friends.
A) of seeing
B) to see
C) for seeing
D) to seeing
6.Dad wants me ____ him a glass of cold water.
A) bring
B) bringing
C) to bring
D) to bringing
7.Look. The baby ____ the dog's food!
A) shall eat
B) is going to eat
C) will eat
D) would eat
8. It was ____ good idea to bring an umbrella - look at that rain!
A) such
B) the ____________________________________________________
C) a
D) —
9.I've never insisted on your ____ to us.
A) come
B) coming C) to come
D) to coming
10.The bag ____ Jack had left in a bus was returned to him the other day.
A) what
B) which C) whom
D) whose
11. My parents bought two interesting ____ yesterday.
A) furniture
B) pieces of furniture
C) furnitures
149
D) pieces of furnitures
12. His clothes ____ terribly dirty.
A) look
B) is looking C) looks
D) are looking
13. Did you fix these shelves ____ ?
A) all on yourself
B) all at yourself
C) all with yourself D) all by yourself
14. My mother's favourite flower is ____ .
A) rose
B) a rose
C) the rose
15.
D) the roses
agreed to come.
A)Both young men
B)Both the young man
C)Both of the young man
D) The both young men
16. I don't understand how Jane could have made ____ in her composition.
A)such rude mistake
B) so rude mistake such a rude mistake
C) such a rude mistake
D) so a rude mistake
17. I think it's ____ . We can take pictures here.
A) enough lightly
B) light enough
C) enough so light
D) so enough lightly
18. I like to watch football on TV because you can see more ___ than from a seat in the stadium.
A) clearness
B) clearer
C) clear
D) clearly
19. It was rude ____ him to leave so suddenly.
A) of
C) to
B)with
D)about
20.Your argument is more ____ .
A) convincing than my
B) convincing than mine
C) convinced than mine
D) convinced than mine
Test 8
1. Can you hear the sound of ____ inside?
A) laugh
C) laughter
B) laughs
D) laughed
150
2. Even
they were upset about the situation, they carried on with their work.
A) so
C) though
B) in spite
D)because
3. We were hurrying because we thought that the bell
.
A) had already rang B) had already rung
C) has already rang
D) have already ringing
4. I wish they ____ go so far.
A) haven't
B) won't
C) don't
D) didn't
'
5. We were ____ go out when the telephone rang.
A) on the point of
B) about to C) just
D) nearly
6. Last week my mother was in hospital so I ____, with my younger brother.
A) stayed
B) staying C) was staying
D) were staying
7.The plane to Paris ____ early on Monday morning.
A) will take off
B) is going to take off
C) would take off
D) takes off
8.I don’t feel like ____ this article today.
A) to read and translate
B) on reading and translating
C) read and translate
E) reading and translating
9.I can't bear ____in queues.
A)stand
B) standing
C) to stand
D) to standing
10. John Kennedy was ____ of the United States.
A) the thirty five president
B) the thirty fifth president
C) the president thirty fifth
D) president the thirty five
11. That was ____ news.
A) sad
B) sad piece of
C) a sad
D) a sad piece of
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12. I liked
music,but the words were boring.
A) the
B) a
C) -
D) some
13. That’s
business but .
A) anybody’s…my
B) nobody’s…my
C) anybody’s …mine
D) nobody’s ...mine
14.Has anyone seen
magazine I left in the dining room?
A)B) the
____________________________________________________ C)
a ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________ D) some
15.
tourists stay here.
A) Only few
B) Only little
C) Only a few
D) Only a little
16. Your word is
for me.
A) enough good
B) good enough
C) good as enough
C) good than enough
17. Jack overslept, and was ____ late that he missed his train.
A) so
B) much
C) too
D) very
18.____ the more you get fat.
A) When you eat more
B) Eating more
C) The more you eat
D) More eaten
19.They may feel envious
A) at
C) with
your success.
B) on
D)of
20. It is doubtful that students learn much
.
A)from watching TV B)by watch TV
C)for watching TV
D) to watch
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Test 9
1. When a student I ____ to the discos every Friday night.
A) used to go
B) are used to go C) use to go
D) were used to go
2. Our mother doesn't ____ of eating between meals
A) agree
B) allow C) suggest
D) approve
3. If it ____ so late, we could have a chat.
A) won't
B) weren't C) isn't
D) not be
4. Let's ask him to do this work, ____ ?
A) will we
B) shall we
C) don't we
D) are we
5. Today's weather isn't so cold as it was yesterday,___ ?
A) is it
B) was it
C) isn't it
D) wasn't it
6. It's the first time my brother ____ to the Zoo.
A) was
B) were
C) has been
D) had been
7. Mom, ____ some water on the table.
A) it is
B) there's
C) there are
D) it isn't
8. My grandma makes me ____ carrots, but I prefer ice-cream.
A) eat
B) eating
C) to eat
D) to eating
9. ____ never knows what to say in such situation.
A) No one
B) One
C) Someone
D) Each one
10.Tell everyone I'll wait ____ here.
A) to him
B) for one C) upon her
D) for them
11.My grandparents ____ bread with the meals.
A) are used to eat
B) are used to eating
C) get used to eat
D) got used to eat
12.The bus you need is parked at ____ .
153
A) the lane two
B) lane two
C) the two lane
D) lane the two
13.He went upstairs and had ____ .
A) wash
B) the wash C) a wash
D) not wash
14.____ rich pay higher taxes?
A) Does
B) Do
C) Does the
D) Do the
15. The poor ____ access to education.
A) have less
B) have fewer
C) has less
D) has fewer
16. The information ____ contained ____ article on biology.
A) was ... in an
B) were ... in the
C) was ... on an
D) were ... on the
17. Do you know all of the ____ in our town?
A) mathematic teachers
B)mathematics' teachers
B) mathematic's teachers
C) mathematics teachers
18.Don’t mix up our suitcases, yours is almost the same
A) like my
B) as my
C) to main
D) as mine
.
19. We are getting pretty fed up ____ him.
A) to
B)of
C) with
D) upon
20. ____ orangutans live alone.
A) Near all
B) The all
C) Almost all
D) The most all
Test 10
1. Can you look ____ my son for an hour while I go the dentist?
A) out
B) to
C) for
D) after
2. It was not easy to understand the language _____, but after a few days we could communicate
quite well.
A) first
B) firstly
C) at first
D) first of all
154
3. They ____ cereal and fruit every morning.
A) are used to eat
B) are used to eating
C) used to eating
D) use to eat
4.____you rather sit by the fire?
A) Don't
B) Won't
C) Will
D) Wouldn't
C) answer
D) to answering
5. Would you the telephone?
A) to answer
B) answering
6. Jane was here a few minutes ago, but she ____ now.
A) went
B) has gone C) have gone
D) had gone
7. Stop!____ crazy to drive so fast.
A)It is
B)It isn't a
C) There's
D) There isn't a
8.The weather is too lovely ____ indoors.
Let's go somewhere.
A)stay
B) to stay
C) staying
D) to staying
9. If you had told us earlier ____ she was, we could have invited her to our party.
A) who
B) whom
C)which
D) whoever
10. Ann’s health is ____ better now.
A) more
C) many
B) much
D) less
11. I am scared of____ .
A) dark
B) a dark
C) the dark
D) some dark
12. They managed to reach the village ___ .
A) on own
B) on their own
C) of own
13. I have no idea of ____ .
A) geography of Scotland
B) geography of the Scotland
C) the geography of Scotland
D) geography of the Scotland
155
D) of their own
14. Agatha Christie was ____ well-known writer of 5 detective stories.
A) a
B) the
C) -
15. We’ve spent
D) an
time here.
A) so many _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ C) so much
B) such many
D) such much
16. We won’t start untill everyone
A) - B) has C) have
arrived.
D) had
17. Is it difficult to find a ____ in the centre?
A) three-bedroom flat
B) three-bedrooms flat
C) three-bedroom flats
D) three-bedrooms' flat
18. ____ you get to know him, the more you like him
A) As more
B) The more
C) More
D) The most
19. If something makes you worried and unhappy, you are very upset ____ it. A) about
with C) of
D) to
20. Some Indian tribes used sign language____ with tribes that spoke a different language.
A) to communicating
B) to communicate
B) C) for communicate
D) for communicated
KEYS
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR
1. A
2. B
3. B
Test 1
4. A
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. C
15.A
16. B
17. A
18.
21. C
22. C
23. C
B
19.
A
Test 2
156
5. B
20. B
B)
1. C
2. F
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. E
11. C
12. A
13. A
14. C
15. F
16. E
17. A
18. C
19. A. ,C
C 20. C
17.
18. Test 3
I. D
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. D
13. D
14. C
15. A
16. B
Test 4
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. D
10. C
11. D
19. Test 5
1.A
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. D
6.B
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. C
12. D
13. B
14. A
15. C
5. A
6. B
11.C
1
Test 6
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A,B
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. A
11. B
12. A
13. A
14. B
15. A
16. A
17. A
18. A
19. B,A
20. A
Test 7
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. C
157
5.D
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. B
Test 8
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. A
Test 9
1.AB (think, is washing)
2.B (are having)
3.AA (cook, washes)
4.AB (is, is travelling), B (is having), B (is going )
5.A (teaches)
6.A (wear)
7. A(have)
8. BB (am going, am looking forward)
9. B (are trying)
10. A (is)
11. BB (is wearing, is carrying)
12. A (wear)
13. B (are organising), B (are going), B (is going), B (are going), B (
14. B (is raining)
Test 10
1. A (tastes)
2. B (are looking for), A (wants)
3. B (is playing)
4. A (do you see)
5. B (are not listening), A (switch) 6. A(hear)
7. B (are seeing off)
8. B (is watering)
9. B (is tasting)
10. A (like), A (taste)
11. A (don't want), A (have), A (feel)
12. B (is getting)
13. A (has), A (don’t think)
14. B (am having)
15. B (is growing)
16. B (are always making)
17. B (are they laughing), A (seem)
18. B (am seeing)
19. A (does ... belong)
20. B (is changing)
Test 11
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A,B 5. B
158
6. C
is going)
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. B
13. A, B
14. C
15. B, A
11. A,B
12. A, B
5. A
6. A
11. A
12.B
Test 12
1.A (won't rain)
2.A (Will you come)
3.B (am going to visit)
4.B (is going to rain)
5.A (will bring)
6.B (am going to walk), A (will come)
7.A (will never learn)
8.A (will stop);
9.B (am going to buy)
10.B (am going to be)
11.A (will make)
12.A (will be), A (won’t wear), A (will be)
13.A (will take)
14.A (will do)
15.B (is going to fall)
Test 13
1. B, A (am free, will go)
2. A, B (will look in, leaves)
3. A, B (will stay, feels)
4. A (will you visit)
5. B, A (finishes, will go)
6. A, B (will tell, know)
7. A (will be back)
8. B(see)
9.B, A (don't know, will take)
10. A, B (will finish, help)
11.A, B (will give, bring)
12. A, B (will have, unpacks)
13. B (stops);
14. B (don't keep)
15. A, B (will give, work)
16.B, A (don't do, will win)
17. B, A (arrives, will have to go)
18. B, A (wonder, will follow)
1. A
2. B
3. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
Test 14
4. B
10. B
159
Test 15
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. D
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. C
1. C
2. G
3. C
Test 16
4. C
6. A
7. A
8. E
9. C
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. B
5. C
10. A, F
Test 17
1. R (tried)
3. I (felt)
2. I (made)
4. I (was)
5. I (drank)
6. R (discussed)
7. R (decided)
8. I(was)
9. I(had)
10. I (got)
11. R (started)
12. I (was)
13. I (was)
14. R (reached)
15. R (laughed)
16. R (shouted)
17. I (took) 1
18. R (disappeared)
19. R (realised)
20. I (were)
21.I (was)
22. I(was)
23. I (went)
24. I (was)
25.I (was)
26. I(had)
27.R (believed)
28. I(was)
29. I (dug)
30. R (buried)
31. I (didn't sleep)
32. I(was)
33.I (came)
34. I (began)
35. I (got)
36. I (were)
Test 18
1. B
2. A
3. B,C 4. B
6. A
7. B
8. C
11. C,B
12. C
13. C,B
5. A
9. A
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10. C
6. D
Test 19
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. B
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. C
Test 20
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. B
10. B
Test 21
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. B
16. A
17. A
18. B
19. A
20. A
21. A
Test 22
1. B ( have been trying)
2. B ( has been snowing )
3. A ( has broken)
4. B ( have been smoking)
5. A ( have ever read)
6. B ( have been listening)
7. A ( has been ill)
8. A ( has been closed)
9. B ( has drunk)
10. A ( have ever seen)
11. B.A (have been sitting, have met)
12. A ( have saved)
13. B (have been waiting)
14. B ( has been taking)
15. A ( have lost)
Test 23
1.G
2. F
3. H
4. B
5. E
6.J
7. I
8. C
9. A
10. D
1.Jane was walking home when the wind blew her hat off.
2.John was painting a picture when he spilled the paint.
161
3.Mr Drill was driving to the airport when his car broke down.
4.She was chopping potatoes when she cut her finger.
5.Dan was climbing a tree when a branch broke.
6.We were having a picnic when it started raining.
7.Jill was sleeping when the telephone woke her up.
8.The children were playing football when their ball broke a
window.
9.He was painting the bedroom when suddenly he fell off the
ladder.
10.The students were talking when the teacher entered the room.
Test 24
1. A
2. B
6. A,B 7.A,B
3. A,B
4. A,A
5. B,A
8. B,B
9. A,B 10. B,B,B
Test 25
1. B, A 2. A
3. A,B 4. B,B 5. B,A
6. B, B 7.A, A 8. A, B 9. A, B 10. B, A
11. B, A
12. B, B
13. A, B
14. A, B
20. Test 26
1. C, A 2. D,C
3. A,C
4. B,A
5 D,A
6. A, C 7. B,A
8. D
9. B,A
10. B,A
11. A, A
12. D
13. A,C
14. A
15. B,A
Test 27
1. B (have been)
3. B (pushes)
2. A
4. B (have you been working)
5. A
6. B (is - I've seen / was - I'd seen)
7. A
8. B (have sung)
9. B (never)
10. B (walk, think)
11. B (has stolen)
12. B (had been working)
162
13. B (have seen)
14. B (has)
15. A
16. B (tease)
17. B (didn't)
18. A
19. B (wasn't - had met / isn't - have met).
Test 28
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. C
16. B
17. C
18. B
19. C
20. A
21. A
Test 29
1. B (going)
2. B ( doing) 3. B ( driving)
4. B (losing)
5. A ( to know)
7. B (repeating)
8. B ( saying) 9. A ( to argue)
10. A ( to take)
11. B ( seeing)12. A ( to lose), B ( eating)
13. A ( to smoke)
14. B ( working)
16. A ( to calm)
17. B ( taking) 18. B ( travelling)
6. B (crying)
15. B ( shopping)
16. A ( to add)
Test 30
1. C
6. C
11. A
2. C
7. B
12. A
3. B
8. A
13. A
4. D
9. A
5. A
10. D
Test 31
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. C
10. D
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. A
Test 32
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. A
10. D
11. B
12. A
13. C
14. C
Test 33
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. A
10. D
11. B
12. A
163
13. B
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. A
READING COMPREHENSION
Test 1
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. A
14. B
15. A
Test 2
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. C
Test 3
1. D
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. D
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. D
Test 4
1. A
2. C
3. A
4.
5. C
6. B
7.
8.D
9.B
10. A
11. D
12.A
13. C
14. C
15. A
PRE-EXAM TESTS
Test 1
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. F
14. D
15. B
16. C
17. C
18. A
19. C
20. C
Test 2
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. B
15. B
164
16. D
17. B
18. B
19. C
20. B
Test 3
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. D
11. D
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. D
18. C
19. C
20. A
Test 4
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. A
16. E
17. B
18. D
19. C
20. B
Test 5
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. C
9. B
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. D
14. D
15. C
16. A
17. C
18. C
19. A
20. D
Test 6
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. C
11. B
12. A
13. D
14. C
15. B
16. B
17. C
18. B
19. B
20. C
Test 7
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. B
11. B
12. A
13. D
14. C
15. A
16. C
17. B
18. D
19. A
20. B
Test 8
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. B
165
11. D
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. C
16. B
17. A
18. C
19. D
20. A
Test 9
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. D
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. D
15. A
16. A
17. D
18. D
19. C
20. C
Test 10
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. C
16. B
17. A
18. B
19. A
20. B
166
Библиографический список
1. English Grammar in use Raymond Murphy, Cambridge University Press. 1994 г.
– 350 с.
2. Блинова С.И., Чернышева Г.С., Синицкая Е.И. Практика английского языка.
Сборник упражнений по грамматике. Союз Cанкт-Петербург, 1998 г. – 384
с.
3. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений., "Каро", 2000,
Санкт-Петербург, 1999 – 475 с.
4. Корнеева Е.А., Баграмова Н.В., Чарекова Е.П. Практика английского языка.
Сборник упражнений по устной речи. Союз Санкт-Петербург, 1998 г. – 335
с.
5. Миньяр-Белоручева А.П. 300 тестовых заданий по английской грамматике.
"Московский лицей", 1997 г. – 60 с.
6. Николенко Т.Г. Тесты по грамматике английского языка. – М: Рольф, 1997
г. – 160 с.
7. Томашевич С.Б. Тесты по английскому языку для поступающих в вузы.
Test Your English. Компания "Евразийский регион", Москва, 1997 г. – 93 с.
167
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ПРОВЕРКЕ ОСТАТОЧНЫХ ЗНАНИЙ
СТУДЕНТОВ
Задание №1
Заполните пропуск
Could you tell me what
you'd like your wake-up call tomorrow morning?
 time
 home
 class
 news
Задание №2
Заполните пропуск
The of Stonehenge began about 5,000 years ago.
 built
 builder
 rebuild
 building
Задание №3
Заполните пропуск
He waited patiently while his customers told him
 themselves
 their
 them
 theirs
troubles.
Задание №4
Заполните пропуск
It was much than he expected.
 cheaper
 cheap
 the cheapest
 most cheap
Задание №5
Заполните пропуск
Ainu's father is furious because ha has had
 an
 a
 –
 any
accident with lib new car.
Задание №6
Заполните пропуск
the morning we went to the museum
 In
 At
 On
 –
168
Задание №7
Заполните пропуск
Our planet is in grave danger human activity.
 or
 but
 for
 because of
Задание №8
Заполните пропуск
After I
the letter, I started to cry.
 had read
 am reading
 were reading
 has read
Задание №9
Заполните пропуск
I am flunking of
 sending
 having sent
 to send
 to have sent
Задание №10
Заполните пропуск
I am looking forward
 –
 to
 with
 in
Ann to a nursery school.
seeing you at Christmas.
Задание №11
Заполните пропуск
You
not ring the bell, I've got the key.
 need
 could
 can
 ought to
Задание №12
Заполните пропуск
The oldest part of London is .
 Hyde Park
 the City
 the West End
 the East End
Задание №13
Заполните пропуск
The biggest river of the USA is
.
169




the Colorado
the Thames
the Hudson River
the Mississippi
Задание №14
Заполните пропуск
There is
on the official flag of Canada.
 a green birch leaf
 a red maple leaf
 a red star
Задание №15
Заполните пропуск
The first President of the USA was
 Kennedy
 Jefferson
 Washington
 Lincoln
.
Задание №16
Заполните пропуск
covers the largest part of the Earth’s surface?
o What
o Where
o Why
o Who
Задание №17
Заполните пропуск
What is the mountain in Europe?
o highest
o more high
o high
o most high
Задание №18
Заполните пропуск
The famous London art gallery к called
o the British Museum
o the Art Exhibition
o the Metropolitan Museum
o the National Gallery
Задание №19
Заполните пропуск
When people travel to the USA they want to see
o Big Ben
o Bake Street
o the Eiffel Tower
o the Statue of Liberty
Задание №20
Заполните пропуск
.
170
Detroit is the centre of
industry.
o tourism
o textile
o automobile
o ship building
Задание №21
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Little boy: “Hello!”
Adult: “
“
 Hello, is your mummy at home?
 May I say what a pleasure it is to meet you?
 Good afternoon, I wonder if I might have a word with your mother
 Would you mind my speaking to your mother?
Задание №22
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Receptionist: “
“
Guest: “I’d like to reserve a room”.
 Who are you?
 Do you want something?
 What do you want, please?
 Is there anything I can do for you?
Задание №23
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Lecturer: “ If you have any further points you want to discuss we can cover these in your next
tutorial.”
Student: “
”
 Say hello to your wife from me.
 OK! See you!
 Great! Thank you for your help Bye.
 Lovely! Bye now!
Задание №24
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Receptionist :”Hello, how can I help you?”
Guest: “
“
 One room, please.
 I need to book a room here.
 I want a room.
 I’d like to make a reservation, please.
Задание №25
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Friend: “
“
You: "Sure, here it is."
o Can I use your pen, please?
o I want your pen.
o I wonder, if I can have your pen. please?
o Is there anybody to lend me a pen?
Задание №26
171
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Student: “
“
Teacher; “Yes, certainly. So..,”
o Slow down!
o Say it again.
o Could you repeat that, please?
o What?
Задание №27
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Waiter: “Did you enjoy your meal?”
Customer; “ “
o Yes, thanks, it was very good
o Quite good.
o Good enough.
o Yes it was.
Задание №28
Выберите реплику, наиболее соотвeтcтвyющую ситуации общения
Professor “Has anyone got any questions?”
Student: “
“
o Could you explain what these terms mean ?
o What do these terms mean?
o What should I do?
o When does this lecture finish?
Задание №29
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Driver: “Yes?”
Police Officer: “
“
o You’d better switch off уоur engine.
o Could you switch off your engine please, sir?
o Switch off уоur engine.
o You must switch off уоur engine immediately.
Задание №30
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Boss: "Yes, come in".
Employee: “
“
o I’m going to be late tomorrow.
o I won't come in time tomorrow.
o Is it all right if I came in half an how late tomorrow?
o I’m going to come to work half an hour late tomorrow.
Задание №31
Прочитайте текст
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
1. For centimes philosophers, psychologists and anthropologists have tried to explain why
men behave violently. Some psychologists think that violence or aggressiveness is an instinct which
we are all born with. We need violent motivation in order to survive, they say, just as animals do.
Aggressiveness is connected with com age. energy and will. Besides this positive side,
aggressiveness also has a negative side. If we cannot satisfy our needs safely, we will satisfy them
in a way that hurts others. According to this theory, society cannot get rid of aggressiveness» but it
can provide safer outlets for our violent needs.
2. Other psychologists think that aggressiveness is something which we learn as children,
just as we learn to walk and talk. The world in which we live is aggressive and violent. We learn
172
that in order to get what we want in this world we must be aggressive and violent. According to this
theory, if we really wanted to get rid of violence, we could. We must only learn non-violent means
of achieving our goals.
3. Another approach says that aggressiveness is always the result of frustration. Every time
we do not get what we want, that is whenever our wishes are frustrated, we become aggressive»
According to this theory, we must find outlets for our aggressiveness which do not hurt others.
Since we will probably always face some kind of frustration, we will always have to live with our
need to be violent.
4. According to this theory there are two separate kinds of aggressiveness with different
origins and different social consequences. One land of aggressiveness is an instinct which we are
born with: our need to defend ours elves against an attack. We share this instinct with animals.
Without it we could not survive, but we must also learn to use it property. The second kind of
aggressiveness is entirely negative, because it serves no purpose and is only destructive. Some
people are dominated by their need to be violent. This form of aggressiveness is not an instinct but
is probably the result of a small child's very negative experience with the world around him.
According to the biological and social theory, it is extremely difficult to change a person who has
become aggressive in the destructive wav.
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Aggressiveness has both positive and negative consequences.
o ложным
o истинным
o тексте нет информации
Задание №32
Прочитайте текст
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Violence is the instinct people are born with.
o ложным
o истинным
o тексте нет информации
Задание №33
Прочитайте текст
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Frustration is always the result of violence.
o ложным
o истинным
o тексте нет информации
Задание №34
Прочитайте текст
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
Определите, является ли утверждение:
There are two sources of violence.
o ложным
o истинным
o тексте нет информации
Задание №35
173
Прочитайте текст
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
Violence is the problem which is widely discussed by social scientists.
o 3
o 1
o 4
o 2
Задание №36
Прочитайте текст
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
According to one of the theories people became violent when their wishes didn't meet their needs.
o 3
o 1
o 4
o 2
Задание №37
Прочитайте текст
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
Ответьте на вопрос:
What is the positive side of violence? Violence helps people ...
o ...to communicate with animals.
o …to achieve their goals without hurting others.
o ...to survive in the aggressive world
o ...to change the society they live in.
Задание №38
Прочитайте текст
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
Определите основную идею текста
o There exist certain psychological techniques to prevent aggressiveness.
o The results of violence can be both positive and negative.
o There are differ eat theories explaining people's violence and aggressiveness.
o The world people live in is violent enough.
Задание №39
Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке
o We are a large music shop in the center of Liverpool and would like to know more about the
tapes and cassettes you advertised in this month's edition of Music Monthly.
A.X.C. Records Ltd . 41 Broadway. Liverpool L91 5
o PB
12 Маy 2005
o Dear Sirs,
Yours faithfully,
o
Jeffiy Allen
174
Director
o The Sales Department, Southern Importers Ltd, Dane Street, Northern,
Southampton SO9 4YQ
Задание №40
Перед Вами конверт
(1) New Jersey Power Company
5695 South 23rd Road
Ridgefield (2) NJ 08976
(3) Mr. Frederick Wolf
(4)Director of Marketing
Smith Printing Company
(5) 673 Sixth Avenue
Milwaukee, (6) WI 53136
Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она
обозначает.
o
o
o
o
o
o
the ZIP Code in the mailing address
the addressee's position
the addressee's name
the street name in the mailing address
the sender
the ZIP Code in me return address
Задание №41
Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже
отрывок
Thank you for your fax dated 13 May concerning your order for five of our dills.
We must apologise for the delay in snipping this order This was due to unforeseen
circumstances. However, we are dealing with у our older now and it will be sent without further
delay.
(From Company to Company by A. Littlejohn)
o
o
o
o
Letter of арology
Memo
CV
Contract
Задание №42
Выберите слова или сочетания слов для заполнения пропуска так, чтобы они отражали
особенности оформления служебной записки
То
: all branches
From : Sales Manager, (1)
Subject
:(2)
(3)
: 30 April 2003
Tombola Airways, out carrier for tours to Africa, has collapsed. This means that Tour 4389 is
now cancelled.
Please write to (4)
and tell them we will refund their deposits as soon as possible.
175
S. N.
o
o
o
o
collapse of Tombola Airways
Sandra North
all agencies
Date
176