Полиция и ромаи синти : формирования доверия и

:
.
,
9
56
,
.
,
,
!
! .
,
-
-
"
©
,
2011 .
#$ , 2011
.$
"
,
#$
.
ISBN 978-92-9234-511-2
#'()* #$
+
#$
"
%
!
6, "
1010,
: +43-1 514 36 6942
& : +43-1 514 36 6266
e-mail: spmu@osce.org
http://www.osce.org/policing
http://polis.osce.org
2
Al. Ujazdowskie 19
00-557 Warsaw, Poland
.: +48-22 5200 798
& : +48-22 5200 605
e-mail: Roma@odihr.pl
http://www.osce.org/odihr/18148.html
$
.............................................................................6
,
....................................................7
)
........................................................................................9
#
...................................................................................11
+
..........................................................................14
I.
"
II.
)
II.1
-
II.2
)
II.2.1
)
II.2.2
)
II.3
.
III.
0
...................................................................................25
#$ .........................................................................................31
,
........................................................................31
...........34
!
...............................................................................35
...............................................................................36
!
!
/&&
!
....................38
&
................45
3
III.1 $
III.1.1
III.1.2
III.1.3
III.1.4
III.1.5
III.1.6
)
%
-
&
III.2. -
,
&
III.2.1
III.2.2
III.2.3
&
III.2.4
III.3 1
III.3.1
III.3.2
III.3.3
III.4
...................................69
.........................................................71
......................................................78
...........80
2
1
)
!
3
$
III.4.3
III.4.4
4
5
4
"
&
...................................83
.............................................85
,
...............................................................86
.......................................................93
.........95
III.5 "
IV.
,
/
.........................................................57
....................................................57
.......................59
/
..................................................................63
,
....68
"
III.4.1
III.4.2
III.5.1
III.5.2
III.5.3
................................46
..........................47
..................................50
...........................................51
................................52
..............................................54
.......................................55
!
$
:&
!
6
)
!
....................99
..................101
........................112
.....127
........................................................129
V.
$
......................................133
V.1 4
...................................................133
V.2 #
VI.
&
.........................................................................138
.............................................................................151
)
1: )
,
!
........................................................................................151
)
2: $
)
!
:
#$ .......................................................................................158
3:
)
4: #
)
6 /
/&&
........................................................166
((
,
.
) ..........................................................168
5
% )
#'()*
%
#
"+24
"
#$
#$
!
+)-
!
+)*
(
)
+-2
)))*
$
$)*
3)3
($(5%)
»
&
«)
4
+3-$
4"'
4"'%
2)
#$
2
$")'
+
4
4
2
)8
$#$
CAG
CSAT
)
/
!
$
Citizen Advisory Group (,
)
Community Safety Action Team (,
EU-MIDIS
)
FAERLEO
SARA
STEPSS
6
#'()*
7
$
2
#$
)
!
(European Union
Minorities and Discrimination Survey)
Fraternal Association of European Roma Law Enforcement
Officers (#
–
)
Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment (/
«$
,
,
,
»)
Strategies for Effective Police Stop and Search (4
/&&
)
!
. "
–
«
#$
». $
«
«
«
!
»
,–
.+
,
»,
». 8
,
,
,
/
.
.
«/
5
,
!
,
-
,
»
&
,
,
7
,
,
,
,
.
/
/
($ .: Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police: A Report on the
Strategies for Effective Police Stop and Search Project [(
«
».
4
/
&
,
.
«4
/&&
»], New York
2009, p. 9; European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). ECRI General
Policy Recommendation No. 11 on Combating Racism and Racial Discrimination in
Policing [
( +-2) 911 «#
»], CRI(2007)39, Strasbourg,
2007, Para. 1).
. 1
. 8
!
7
/
,
,
,
7
..
,
.
,
7
–
(«
»,
,
,
,
&
). ((
: OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and
Human Rights. Hate Crime Laws: A Practical Guide [#
#$
/
7
. .
:
,
«
,
–
, 2009).
!
.
,
8
,
!
,
,
], "
&
,
» ((
: OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human
Rights, Hate Crime Report 2008 [#
#$
.)
#$ :
2008
], " !
, 2009).
. (
,
!
,
!
!
,
/
!
!
. ($ .: Oakley, Robin. Police Training Concerning Migrants and National
Minorities [
!
]. – In: Council of Europe. Human Rights and the Police
[)
], Strasbourg, 1997, pp. 74f.).
. (
,
.
!
7
,
!
($ .: Oakley, Robin. Police Training Concerning Migrants and
National Minorities [
!
]. – In: Council of Europe. Human Rights
and the Police [)
], Strasbourg, 1997, pp. 74f.).
8
!
. -
!
7
,
,
,
,
."
/&&
,
.
")
#$
#$ ,
!
2003
,
!
!
,
7
,
. ,
-
.
"
)
,
!
3
.
. +
!
-
!
,
"
,
,
)
&
,
,
.
–
,
)
."
9
,
!
!
.
!
1
!
,
/&&
. 1
,
!
.
,
!
8&&
/
, –
&
.
)
!
,
!
&
. )
!
,
/
!
!
.
,
%
,
!
,
!
!
,
,
+
$
,
,
.
+
!
%
$
#$
4
!
#
#$
(#'()*)
10
!
"
,
4
«)
,
#'()*
:
» (Police and Roma: Towards Safety
for Multi-Ethnic Communities). 2
/
,
2009
/
,
!
. 8
!
,
/
,
,
/
+
#'()*
2009
$
/
,$
"
DROM (* !
,- %
"
$
,-
;
"
"
("
,- (!
"
,- )
,$
,'
"
,-
, &
);
,
&
:
,
);
,4
,4
("
,/
,
4
'
.
,
,
"
);
,4
;
,2
6
,
;
%
(% ));
,%
'
+
,- 5
'
"
,- '
' ,
#'()*
,
#'()*
,
,
;
;
,+
,
#$ ;
11
,- $
1
/
0
#$
+
4
,- '
!
(6
.
#$ ;
+
,
,- +
$
,- 8
4
,4
,-
,2
'
);
,
,4
,
;
,
1
);
(0
!
,:
($
+
,- +
;
,
!
(
#$ ;
,- '
4
,
"
;
,- 4
/ 4
,
,- '/
!
((
,-
,
!
6 /
4
);
(
1
,- «
,- $
,4
#$
$
,- %
12
)
$
,1
,
;
,
,0
!
($
,2
);
!
,
,
,
,
,
(#
,
);
,
+
);
;
"
,
);
,
;
#$ ;
4
» ($
(
)
,)
,:
($
,
.
);
,
4
,< & 4
,- #
2
,
)
,- '
2
,
1
(6
,- =
,
,
;
6
,
+
,
-
!
$
+
,
,
);
,)
,4
(,
);
,- 5
,-
$
&
,-
:
,
,$
#$ ;
(
$
,,
;
$
$
,
!
($
);
,- $
5 &
,
1
,5
!
,'
/
,4
6
;
,- )
5
, &
+
! ($
,)
0
,
DROM, (* !
,1
0
,
(:
,>
0
,
1
"
!
;
,- = 7 *
,
$
,
/
,(
!
-
3
(#
);
,
&
);
+
);
,2
);
,
#$
(5
).
!
!
/
/
.
,
13
#
$
#$
!
. 2
/
,
,
:
7
&
–
,
,
!
,
. )
/
/
"
!
!
–
/
,
,
.
,
&
!
/&&
!
. #
,
!
,
,
!
.
,
2
,
,
,
,
.+
,
,
,
.
"
#$ ,
!
,
#$ ,
«-
14
#$
!
.8
)
!
+-2 93
» "
911,
("+24),
!
,
&
«-
«2
!
$
».
,
•
!
,
&
•
•
•
!
. + /
:
•
»
!
;
;
&
,
,
/
!
;
;
: &
!
.
(
,
.
,
$
!
. 8
. )
&
,
.
/
,
15
'
&
,
,
,
!
,
,
/
.2
,
!
5
,
,
,
.
)
:
/
,
,
,
.
,
/
. '
,
!
,
!
!
&
.
,
2
.'
/&&
7
,
,
,
!
.
)
/
,
,
&
,
16
.
2
&
/
,
. "
/
,
–
,
,
!
,
.
'
/&&
,
!
.
,
)
. 8
,–
,
!
.
,
)
. "
,
!
/
,
,
,
,–
,
.
,
0
!
,
!
."
-
&
!
,
.
!
!
,
!
!
17
.
,
,
,
,
4
,
.'
!
,
(
!
)
.
,
"
,
,
,
&
&
!
,
.
"
$
(
,
,
),
. $
&
,
!
,
&
.2
,
/
,
.
,
,
,
*
!
/
!
,
&
.
!
!
&
,
/
18
&
. )
,
/
,
!
/&&
.
,
"
,
,
&
–
.
!
,
,
,
,
&
!
,
.
,
-
!
!
.
,
,
. ) /
!
,
&
!
.
)
/
,
/
,
.
&
2
!
,
,
&
.
,
/&&
:
#
'
,
!
!
.$
19
!
,
. 8
/
.
,
5
,
.
!
,
)
&
&
&
,
.'
&
,
!
,
.
,
2
/&&
&
.
!
,
"
#$ ,
,
,
.'
!
,
,
&
.
)
,
,
/
,
,
/
.
,
,
,
!
&
–
,
&
20
!
,
,
,
,
&
,
"
. +
.
/
,
'
,
,
/
,
,
.
,
,
.
&
,
(,
. ) /
,
!
.
/&&
,
,
!
/
.
!
,
"
!
,
. )
,
,
/
,
, –
,
7
. -
/
.
21
"
–
!
!
–
,
8
(
,
,
1
,
,
,
,
!
,
&
. )
),
.
,
;
.
,
,
,
!
,
,
/
/
/
!
.
)
!
!
/
,
,
. .
,
–
.
)
!
. "
. "
,
#$ ,
!
,
,
,
!
22
,
!
,
,
-
)
#$ ,
(
/
!
#$ .
,
,
/
!
!
.
,
23
24
I.
1
!
/
,
.2
2
,
,
,
#$ ,
&
&
,
#$
10-12
!
,
,
/
#$
(
)
-
3
4
,
.
,
.
!
1998
1999
!
,
!
4
/
#
(#'()*) +
(+3-$)
«
«
2
,
$
#$ . '
1994
1
,
.
$
$
. -
3
1990
2
–
,
$ . «,
».
$ .: Council of Europe, Roma and Travellers Division [$
,
], URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/documentation/default_en.asp.
#
#$
."
!
#$ :
" !
, 2009.
$
.'
+
+ &
$#$ . +
»
,
)
2008
.
, 1990.
25
,
,
/
"0
-
,
,
/&&
("+24)
,
«
2000
#$ .
!
&
!
7
. .
!
,
!
. "
/
. " 2000
!
5
6
7
8
26
-
#$ . '
$
«)
,
"+24
#$ »,
8
.
/
4
1993
-
#$
«)
2
,
». '
,
»6.
1993
!
1993
"+24
,
#$ ,
#$ ,
,
,
#$
,
,
!
!
,
«
,
-
"
»5.
#$ » (
2003
!
– )
$
!
–$
, . 55.
#$ , '
$
!
–$
1999
.
$ .: OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Roma (Gypsies) in the CSCE
Region: Report of the High Commissioner on National Minorities [(
)
$#$ .
"
!
].
Vienna, 1993.
$ .: OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Report on the Situation of Roma
and Sinti in the OSCE Area ["
!
.
#$ ]. The Hague, 2000.
1999
)9. - !
)
!
. )
/
!
/
,
. " /
–
, –
.)
#$
)
,
,
-
!
/
!
/
.
2
,
,
)
.
,
#$ .
,
!
!
26 – «-
-
!
».
-
,
».
27
–
«-
&
,
28 – «-
-
,
: 1)
!
29
–
«-
,
/&&
!
9
- !
!
!
; 2)
».
-
,
#$ 93/03 «)
#$ », MC.DEC/3/03. 4
».
!
, 2003.
27
30
-
–
«)
, 2)
–
–
».
31 – «-
-
–
,
,
,
/
2)
,
».
–
32 – «)
-
!
».
2003
2
,
,
/
I
)
#$
. +
–
&
/
&
.
2
-
«)
$
!
!
/&&
#$
%&
!
#$
11
.
,
!
28
$
/&&
,
2
11
!
)
!
#$ »10. ,
!
–
10
2008
0
. +
,
,
,
#$ 96/08 «)
!
/&&
)
!
#$ » (OSCE 2008, MC.DEC/6/08, Enhancing OSCE efforts to Implement the
Action Plan onImproving the Situation of Roma and Sinti within the OSCE Area),
0
, 2008.
- !
$
#$ 98/09 «
#$
» (OSCE MC. DEC/8/09, Enhancing
OSCE efforts to ensure Roma and Sinti sustainable integration), %&
, 2009.
- !
#$
$
. "
,
,
,
,
,
. .
,
!
/
"
,
,
!
.
)
#$ ,
&
!
,
,
!
!
,
.(
,
!
,
,
,
/
&
/
–
.
II
$
#$
!
.
!
III,
"
,
,
!
!
#$
-
-
•
•
.
!
.
)
:
!
:
;
,
,
&
/
;
29
,
•
•
!
.
IV
!
30
;
&
;
.
!
!
II.
$
" %
"
,
#$ . "
,
,
,
. "
!
.
II.1
!
,
&
'
$
!
,
&
!
,
903
8
&
12
. 2
12
00
–
.
,
,
!
.$
"
,
.
7
,
.
/
"+24
$ .: Amnesty International. Europe: Discrimination against Roma. Media Briefing
['
!
:
&
$4(], News service No.
205, 25 October 2007;
European Roma Rights Centre. Police Violence against Roma [2
!
], Country Reports Series, issue No 12/2003;
European Roma Rights Centre. Summary of ERRC concerns related to violence against
Roma in Hungary [$
3)3
,
!
"
] (2009); Anti-Roma Racism in Former Czechoslovakia
[!
! *
] (2009); Divide and Deport: Roma
31
,
,
13
32
#'()*
13
.
and Sinti in Austria [:
%
] (1996); Sudden
Rage and Dawn: Violence Against Roma in Romania ["
:
!
] (1996); Time of Skinheads: Denial and Excusion
of Roma in Slovakia ["
:
$
]
(1997);
European Roma Rights Centre/Hungarian Civil Liberties Union. Report on the
circumstances of the double murder committed at Tatárszentgyörgy on 23 February 2009
and conduct of the acting authorities (the police, ambulance and fire services) [
,
!
5
23 &
2009
,
(
,
)], Budapest, 7 May 2009;
Halász, Katalin. The Situation of Roma in Europe [)
], European
Network Against Racism (ENAR) Shadow Report 2007;
Human Rights First. Violence Against Roma: 2008 Hate Crime Survey [2
!
.
2008
]. New York,
2008;
Human Rights Watch. Kosovo: Investigate Attacks on Roma [+
:
], News, Brussels, September 7, 2007;
Human Rights Watch/Helsinki Watch. The Persecution of Roma in Romania
[)
], 1991; Destroying Ethnic Identity: The Gypsies of
Bulgaria [1
/
:
#
], 1991; Struggling
for Ethnic Identity: Czechoslovakia’s Endangered Gypsies [#
/
:
*
], 1992; Struggling for Ethnic Identity:
The Gypsies of Hungary [#
/
:
"
], 1993;
United Nations, General Assembly, Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination [
+
], Seventysecond session (18 February -7 March 2008), Seventy-third session (28 July - 15 August
2008);
Oakley, Robin. Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and
the Police [)
!
!
/
!
]. – In: OSCE ODIHR/European Dialogue, Policing and
Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support Implementation of the
OSCE Action Plan for Roma and Sinti [)
:
.$
)
#$
]. 2
,
+3-$
#'()*, . 85- 96;
Project on Ethnic Relations (PER). The Romanies in Central and Eastern Europe: Illusions
and Reality [3
"
:
] (1992);
Countering Anti-Roma Violence in Eastern Europe: The Snagov Conference and Related
Efforts [)
!
"
:
&
$
] (1994).
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Roma (Gypsies) in the CSCE Region
[(
)
$#$ ],
.
.,
8;
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Report on the Situation of Roma and
Sinti in the OSCE Area [
#$ ],
.
.,
8;
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Challenges and Responses to
Hate-Motivated Incidents in the OSCE Region [(
,
,
#$ :
], Warsaw, 2006;
#
#$
."
)
!
#$ ,
.
.,
3;
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Hate Crimes in the OSCE
.
,
!
.)
«
»
&
/
.
!
,
14
.
-
"
,
!
!
.(
!
)
,
. "
!
15
.
"
,
,
(
!
,
2008
%
)
!
14
15
Region – Incidents and Responses. Annual Report 2007 [)
#$ :
.,
2007
], Warsaw, 2008;
#
#$
.)
#$ :
.,
2008
(Hate Crimes in the OSCE Region – Incidents and Responses. Annual
Report 2008), " !
, 2009;
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights/ High Commissioner on
National Minorities. Assessment of the Human Rights Situation of Roma and Sinti in Italy.
Report of a fact-finding mission to Milan, Naples and Rome on 20-26 July 2008 [%
(
.
4
,2
20-26
2008
].
$ .: OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Report on the Situation of Roma
and Sinti in the OSCE Area,
.
.,
8, . 43ff;
#
#$
."
)
!
#$ ,
.
.,
3;
Halász, Katalin. The Situation of Roma in Europe,
.
.,
12, . 24;
Human Rights First. Violence Against Roma: 2008 Hate Crime Survey,
.
.,
12, . 2f.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Report on the Situation of Roma and
Sinti in the OSCE Area,
.
.,
8, . 42;
Human Rights First, Violence Against Roma: 2008 Hate Crime Survey,
.
.,
12, .1 5f.
33
(EU-MIDIS),
!
18%
,
!
12
,
16
. «1
,
,
!
!
,
!
!
&
,
»17.
!
)
/
,
.
/
/&&
4
18
. 5
,
,
.
II.2
,
(
–
),
). "
!
.
«
16
17
18
19
34
,
(
(
-
,
,
)
,
»
7
19
.
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. The Roma. Data in Focus Report
[.
&
], European Union Minorities and
Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS) [(
!
$
], 2009, p. 9.
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. The Roma. Data in Focus Report,
.,
16, . 9.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Report on the Situation of Roma and
Sinti in the OSCE Area,
.
.,
3, . 24-25.
enrick, Donald/Paxon, Grattan. Destiny of Europe’s Gypsies [$
], Basic Books, New York, 1972. )
!
: www.geocities.com/~Patrin/genocide.htm;
www.sintiundroma.de; www.rommuz.cz; www.ushmm.org.
"
.
/
&
!
.
)
,
(
) /
.
/
,
$
&
. 5
&
,
,
!
!
. "
7
( . .
)
,
/
21
,
II.2.1
,
20
.
!
(
,
&
,
22
.
)
/
,
!
23
. -
20
21
22
23
,
!
,
-
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Report on the Situation of Roma and
Sinti in the OSCE Area,
.
.,
8, . 38;
Coxhead, John. D. The Last Bastion of Racism? Gypsies, Travellers and Policing
[)
?3
,
], Trentham, 2007.
,
«"
#
» (Velikova v.
Bulgaria), Application no. 41488/98, Judgment, Strasbourg, 18 May 2000;
,
«%
#
» (Anguelova
v. Bulgaria), Application no. 38361/97, Judgement, Strasbourg, 13 June 2002.
#
#$
."
)
!
#$ ,
.
.,
3;
Human Rights First. Violence against Roma,
.
.,
12, . 5ff.
, Case of Nachova and Others v. Bulgaria [
«2
#
»], Applications no. 43577/98 43579/98,
Judgement, $
,6
2005 .; Case of Secic v. Croatia [
«$
35
/&&
24
.
II.2.2
!
"
/
8
-
/
&
.
,
,
&
-
7
!
/
8
,
,
,
«
»26.
/
/
&
25
0
»], Application no. 40116/02, Judgement, $
, 22
2000 ; Case of
Cobzaru v. Romania ['
«+
»], Application no. 48254/99;
Case of Angelov and Iliev v. Bulgaria [
«%
(
#
»],
Application no. 55523/00, Judgement, $
, 26
2007 .
European Roma Rights Centre/ Hungarian Civil Liberties Union. Report on the
circumstances of the double murder committed at Tatárszentgyörgy on 23 February 2009
and conduct of the acting authorities (the police, ambulance and fire services) [
,
!
5
23 &
2009
,
(
,
)], Budapest, 7 May 2009, pp. 7-9 and 10f.
$ .: OSCE ODIHR Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue, Policing
and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support Implementation
of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma and Sinti [)
:
.$
)
#$
]. 2
,
+3-$ #'()*, c. 297.
$ .: Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police: A Report on the
Strategies for Effective Police Stop and Search Project [4
/
&
,
.
«4
/&&
»], New York, 2009, p. 9;
:
( +-2) 911 «#
», CRI(2007)39,
26
36
,
,
!
24
,
.
25
&
,
*
,
,
29
2007 ., 1.
Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police,
2007 ., $
.
.,
25, . 9.
,
7
. )
27
,
.
«
5
&
»28.
+
,
,
$,
EU-MIDIS,
!
/
29
.
,
)
,
,
!
,
,
&
%
&
.
29
30
(
,
30
.
,
),
.
–
/
+
28
.
,
(
27
/
,
,
5
"
.
#$
!
.-
(OSCE High
Commissioner on National Minorities. Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic
Societies), ,
, 2006,
. 16;
:
#
#$
.)
#$ :
,
.
.,
.
13.
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. The Roma. Data in Focus Report,
.
.,
16, . 10.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Report on the Situation of Roma and
Sinti in the OSCE Area [
#$ ],
.
.,
8, . 44.
37
,
!
6
,
,
,
!
! !
.
'
,
,
,
,
!
,
,–/
. '
!
!
. " 0
#$
!
,
,
,
,
!
34
38
,
,
. )
33
!
)
&
32
,
,
,
,
,
!
33
"
31
-
»32. 5
!
(
.
,
,
II.3
«[…]
31
,
«
!
&
&
-
-
»34.
5
, . 38.
5
, . 37.
$ .: Human Righst First, Violence against Roma [2
.,
12, . 1.
#$ , C
$
!
,
$
$")',
1, "
, 2OSCE, Charter for European Security [0
6, . 19.
],
!
,
2008 .;
.
–
#$ ,
],
.
.,
$
«
,
. )
,
,
,
) /
»35. )
,
,
,
,
,
, /
36
.
,
,
&
,
. "
(
,
37
.
38
. "
)
)
,
,
,
."
&
,
,
,
,
,–
!
,
,
,
4
!
,
,
,
,/
.
,
(
!
.
35
36
37
38
Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’ 1996, Rotterdam Charter: Policing for a
Multi-Ethnic Society [:
], Rotterdam, 1996.
#$ . ,
.
.,
34, . 29;
,
2. 4
&
(1965) [United Nations General Assembly, Res. 2106(XX),
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination], . 5(b).
#$ . ,
.
.,
34, . 30.
Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and the
Police,
.
.,
12, . 87.
39
"
!
,
. 8
!
.)
«
!
!
!
&
,
,
,
»39.
,
"
!
7
,
,
!
!
,
. «"
!
,
,
/
/
&
»40.
"
&
,
,
!
&
.
,
"
. )
!
,
,
,
/
, –
,
,
7
. -
."
39
40
40
"
"+24. -
(1948),
,
.
.,
28,
. 22.
. 29 (2).
/
,
,
.
,
."
!
/
.
,
&
,
,
,
/&&
/
41
.
)
,
)
,
/
.2
/&&
/
.
!
/&&
.#
–
–
,
.
/
,
,
&
&
#$
1
!
41
42
.
"
. +
!
42
.
/
Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and the
Police [)
!
!
/
!
],
.
.,
12, . 89;
#
#$
."
)
!
#$ ,
.
.,
3.
#
/
.: #$ , ,
.
.,
34.
41
"
!
I.
(
'
'
)
:
•
•
•
•
!
,
•
•
II.
$
,
:
,
•
•
•
,
/
•
.
!
-
.
:
,
#$ ,
.
,
:
,
,
,
III.
;
.
)
'
,
*
•
•
)
;
;
$
•
8
,
,
.
$
.
:
&
&
.
!
•
•
,
/
,
•
•
.
!
•
:
;
:
.
42
"
!
:
) /
•
•
.
.
.
!
IV.
'
'
'
•
•
•
•
,
:
;
;
.
–
) /
•
•
•
,
–
.
,
#
.)
:
•
•
,
,
.
V.
,
,
/&&
,
8
•
•
•
•
,
.
:
;
;
•
&
;
,
.
,
43
44
III.
*
$
)
!
,
!
#
1999-2009
.,
.
'
,
!
!
!
,
,
II.3.
,
:
•
)
#$
#$ (
•
•
!
26-32);
+-2 93
"+24
911;
.
"
!
!
!
:
1. $
2. /
3. 1
4.
,
&
;
!
,
;
;
,
,
;
45
5. 6
!
.
III.1
'
)
«
2)
-
#$
–
–
,
»43.
,
"
«
»
.
&
–
/
,
/
8
.44
%
.
!
.
%
43
44
45
46
,
,
/
45
:
!
#$ ,
.
.,
9,
. 30.
Oakley, Robin/Slater, John/Taylor,Chris. Systematic Assessment of Policing Policy and
Practice relating to Roma: Guidance for Use in OSCE Participating States
[$
!
:
#$
–
,
)
#$
!
,
«
»
+3-$ #'()*], London, 2007, p. 9.
5
.
)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
$
;
)
%
-
&
+
;
!
III.1.1 #
;
;
;
.
46
.
/
!
,
2
:
•
!
!
,
!
&
,
,
,
2)
,
.
2)
!
2
,
,
.
•
46
&
!
2)
2)
,
,
#
&
. : Oakley/Slater/Taylor, Systematic Assessment of
Policing Policy and Practice relating to Roma [$
!
],
.
.,
44, . 1131.
+
,
UNODC
Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit [1
2
.
)
], New York, 2006.
#$ , 2
!
– C
$
!
,
#$ ,
$
$")',
4, "
,
2008 ., . 39-43;
OSCE. Implementation of Police-Related Programmes: Lessons Learned in SouthEastern Europe [,
.
> -"
], SPMU Publication Series Vol. 7, Vienna, December 2008 .,
pp. 18-20.
47
,
,
,
,
. 2) ,
,
–
«
;
».
!
'
!
,
2)
,
!
.2
,
2)
. )
2)
!
,
.
,
. "
,
,
47
•
,
,
,
2)
!
/
&
;
;
/
;
&
;
;
.
•
/
, 2)
,
,
!
.
+
,
&
47
48
#$ , 2
.
.,
!
46, . 57.
.
,
•
,
,
.
8
,
;
&
,
;
( +)*),
!
( $)*)
;
&
+)*
:
,
)
/
;
(
.2
-
,
.
&
7
/
•
,
!
,
. 8
;
7
,
;
,
;
/
,
&
&
7
,
•
,
!
•
.
&
/
;
;
49
•
,
.
$
%
" 2004-2006
%
.
#'()*
. $
!
#$
-
!
,
«3
» (Romani Center for Social Intervention and Studies – CRISS)
+
#'()* #$
&
&
.
4
,
,
,
4
!
/
/
,
.
,
,
"
CRISS
#'()* #$
.4
,
. "
!
,
,
. 2
,
,
!
48
.
III.1.2 $
%
,
.
!
#$ ,
)
/
)
48
50
8
. $
II.
Oakley/Slater/Taylor, Systematic Assessment of Policing Policy and Practice relating to
Roma [$
!
],
.
.,
44, . 12;
Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and Practices
towards Roma in Romania [
], Bucharest, 2007, p. 5.
:
•
,
;
•
;
•
!
•
;
!
;
•
/
–
!
49
.
III.1.3 $
%
&
, –
,
,
. 8
,
2;
#$
!
$)*50.
,
$
2
II.3.
49
50
$ .: Scope of assessment in Romania [
], :
Oakley/Slater/Taylor, Systematic Assessment of Policing Policy and Practice relating to
Roma [$
!
],
.
.,
44, . 17.
$
)
I.
51
III.1.4
$
,
6
.
•
•
;
!
•
•
,
;
)&
,
;
,
,
:
&
(
&
-
,
$4(,
,
(
;
;
.
,
,
. .);
•
52
–
(
/
&
•
•
•
•
;
;
•
•
:
,
/
(
•
'
&
,
);
;
,
$)*,
!
,
!
–
,
&
(
&
.
.
).
–
III.5.1),
,
2
-
,
!
. 8
:
;
(
-
!
;
-
,
);
,
51
.
!
6
.) /
,
,
!
,
.
"
,
–
,
&
51
&
«
»,
. ) /
/
,
.
)
,
(
Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and Practices
towards Roma in Romania [
],
.
.,
48, . 10.
53
( &
&
. "
/
,
,
)
(
)
«
,
,
,
&
&
» (
,
/
),
.
&
, 2)
–
/
,
&
,
,
52
,
/
–
. $
,
. ;
,
«…
7
&
»53.
&
,
III.1.5 %
$
,
(
.
,
III.1.3). )
/
.
/
)
52
53
54
:
•
"
•
$
.
/
.
Open Society Institute. Ethnic Profiling in the European Union: Pervasive, Ineffective, and
Discriminatory [8
&
:
,
,
], New York, 2009, p. 120f; .
:
Barton, Sasha. Ethnic Monitoring, Gypsies and Travellers [8
:
]. – In: Roma Rights Quarterly, Issue: 1 / 2004, pp. 24-29.
Council of Europe Committee of Ministers. Recommendation No. R (97) 18 of the
Committee of Ministers to Member States concerning the Protection of Personal Data
Collected and Processed for Statistical Purposes [9R (97) 18 +
«
,
»], 1997, para 4.8, p. 4.
•
2
•
•
$
&
$
•
)
&
&
,
.
.
.
,
.8
,
"/
–
,
.) /
,
.
,
,
,
.
&
"
,
III.
)
)
&
(
,
,
/
)
,
,
.
.
–/
.
III.1.6
2
/
. "
&
,
55
,
,
!
.
- !
,
,
:
•
56
/
2
)
•
.
•
2
•
$
,
,
.
•
•
. )
!
–
,
.
.
,
/&&
,
,
.
.
,
.
III.2. &
,
,
)
+
)
,
,
&
()'()
,
/
(
,
,
. "
,
,
III.1.3),
.
,
,
/
,
!
.
,
'
,
–
,
.
!
5
.
!
)
,
,
!
.
/
III.2.1
2
5
,
/
!
–
,
,
.
,
!
!
!
57
54
. $
,
!
55
. «)
-
,
,
,
7
. […]
,
"
" +
#$
»56.
,
1990
«
-
,
/
/
,
[…]. " /
&
,
/&&
,
,
,
(
).
/
,
,
,
[…]
&
,
, /
[…]»57.
,
58
.
54
55
56
57
58
58
!
,
,
$ .: Council of the European Union. Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000
implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or
ethnic origin ['
$
2000/43/ $
29
2000 .
/
], Official Journal L 180 , 19/07/2000 P. 0022 – 0026, Art. 13 and 14.
+-2 93 «#
!
(
)», CRI(98)29 rev.,
6
1998 . (European
Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). ECRI General Policy
Recommendation No. 3 on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies),
$
, 1998 ., . 4.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Report on the Situation of Roma and
Sinti in the OSCE Area [
#$ ],
.
.,
8, . 55.
'
+
,
.
.,
4, . (40.1).
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Report on the Situation of Roma and
Sinti in the OSCE Area [
#$ ]
.
.,
III.2.2
!
-
,
«[…]
#$
!
!
»59.
5
,
,
.
$
,
:
•
«-
-
!
» ()
+
#$ ,
,
&
«
&
26).
. "
,
,
,
/
/
.$
!
«/
,
,
,
,
,
!
»,
/
»60.
!
,
) /
,
(
,
. «"
,
)
&
/
/
59
60
#$ ,
8, . 55; )
.
.,
9,
. 9.
,
!
-
,
.
.,
28,
. 1.
Oakley, Robin. Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [
!
]. – In: Council of Europe. Human Rights and the Police [)
]. Strasbourg, 1997, p. 74f.
59
»61 (
)
,
,
/
,
,
.
,
III.4).
,
,
,
!
.
•
«-
,
:
1)
!
!
;
!
()
#$ ,
,
2)
»
,
28). '
«
,
+-2 93)62.
»(
!
,
,
. )
(
/&&
.
1
61
,
-
],
)
.,
60, c. 75;
34, . 66;
!
–C
#$ , $
,
9;
.
.
.,
$
28,
!
$")',
!
.
:
5, "
,
,
. 8.
#$ ,
.
.,
.
–
,
2008 ., . 19-20;
!
+-2 93,
60
III.5.1).
Oakley, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [
!
#$ , .,
#$ , 2
62
,
55.
.
.,
,
&
,
,
7
!
•
.
«-
,
,
,
/&&
(
29
»
!
)
#$
+-2 911).
«$
&
/
&
/
. 5
,
,
,
,
.
/
,
2
/
[…],
»63.
/&&
/
"
,
,
,
" !
($ & )
64
,
/
/
94/03 (4
2005
$
+
#$
,
63
$)*
!
,
64
)
.
912/04
-
,
-
,
.
.,
28,
. 19.
$ .: European Court of Human Rights, Nachova and others v. Bulgaria [«2
#
»], No. 43577/98; Secic v. Croatia [$
0
],
No. 40116/02; Cobzaru v. Romania [«+
»], No. 48254/99,
.
.,
23.
61
/&&
.
65
"
/
,
,
,
,
.
•
,
(
26
28 )
#$ ).
,
2
(
.
!
II.3).
,
,
,
.
/
!
,
.
) /
/
,
,
/
,
,
!
!
,
,
/&&
!
65
62
$ .: OSCE, Decision No. 4/03, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination [- !
94/03 «
»], MC.DEC/4/03, Maastricht, 2003;
OSCE, Decision No. 12/04, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination [- !
912/04 «
»], MC.DEC/12/04, MC.DEC/12/04, Annex, Sofia
2004.;
OSCE, Cordoba Declaration by the Chairman-in-Office [+
#$ ], FINAL CIO.GAL/76/05/Rev.2, Cordoba, 2005.
. 8
.
/
/&&
,
. )
»66.
)
,
/
),
67
.
(
,
,
III.2.3
!
&
'
!
-
•
67
,
!
«-
66
!
. 8
«
–
,
/
,
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 44-48; .
:
Council of Europe/Commissioner for Human Rights. Opinion of the Commissioner for
Human Rights Concerning Independent and Effective Determination of Complaints
Against the Police [.
+
/&&
], CommDH(2009)4, 12
March 2009.
,
.
.,
28,
. 10;
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) 2001, Practical Examples
on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies [ +-2. )
!
(
)], CRI
(2001) 28, Strasbourg, 2001, p. 63;
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 24.
63
2)
– […]
,
#$ ,
+
»
31).
&
()
/
()'()
. "
/
,
,
. "
,
!
,
,
,
,
,
,
68
.
,
,
,
/
III.4
"
,
)'(.
/
!
,
!
"$
$
!
!
+
'
%
, 1/
%
(
–
/
,
69
. 3
!
. (
!
.
,
"
. '
&
68
69
64
,
-
,
!
,
!
,
.
.,
28,
. 10.
$ .: Association of Chief Police Officers of England, Wales and Northern Ireland,
Guidance on Unauthorized Encampments [,
!
], London, 2008.
,
. )
,
,
/
,
!
!
,
/
,
,
. +
,
,
,
.
'
&
,
,
!
,
.
.5
•
;
•
•
•
(( &
,
(
,
)
.
,
70
«
,
$ .
/
51f.
!
,
,
.
&
,
,
.
/&&
+
;
!
&
,
!
,
»
III.5.2.)
8
:
!
;
!
70
,
!
,
«
,
,
,
/
,
,
!
!
!
!
, : Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police [4
&
,
],
.
.,
25,
. 27
65
«
[…]. "
»
7
,
/
,
71
» .
,
"
,
,
,
.
/
8
. -
,
,
/&&
. )
)
,
&
"
72
.
/&&
(
,
/
/&&
.
(( &
«
»,
,
,
)
!
7
71
72
66
!
,
.
,
1
!
III.5.2.).
,
!
#'()*:
&
!
,
2
.
. 8
,
!
,
,
!
!
-
Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police [4
&
,
],
.
.,
25, . 14.
5
, . 11 34.
/
,
.
7
,
;
,
7
/
-
– /
, /
&
,
7
,
73
) .
+-2: «;
.
,
. 5
/
,
/
,
.2
,
–
–
.
,
74
/
/
»,
» .
)
,
.
(«
!
,
"
,
,
!
.
!
(
&
. 8
&
&
/&&
-
,
,
,
!
8
74
.
.
&
73
.
..
.)
(OSCE Office for
Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Hate Crime Laws: A Practical Guide),
" !
, 2009. #$ ,
#
+-2 9 11,
.
.,
.
25.
67
III.2.4 (
,
!
!
!
-
,
,
,
,
&
,
(
,
&
!
)
)
/
.
, «[…]
/
«
&
»,
[…]»75
.
.
,
,
76
. #
!
,
,
77
.
/
,
!
/
(
;
,
;
."
-
76
77
78
68
,
III.1.6)78.
,
!
,
75
.
5
.
,
#$ , 2
.
.,
.
!
,
;
#$ , 2
.
.,
.
!
.,
46,
.,
46.,
28,
. 39
. 1.
41.
28,
. 42-43
!
,
. 2.
,
&
,
,
,
,
.8
III.3
,
'
«"
.
'
/
,
,
. ) /
!
»80. «+
,
!
,
.
'
,
,
!
79
80
81
,
»81.
2
.
$
,
,
79
!
,
(
/
!
! )
!
#$ , 2
!
,
.
.,
46., . 43.
Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [],
.
.,
35, "
; .
:
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 124;
Council of Europe, Recommendation Rec(2001) 10 of the Committee of Ministers to
Member States on the European Code of Police Ethics [Rec(2001) 10
+
«
/
»] (2001), § 18.
United Nations General Assembly, Res. A/Res/34/169, Code of Conduct for Law
Enforcement Officials [+
] (1979), )
, . 8(a); .
:
#$ , ,
.
.,
34;
OSCE, Charter for European Security [0
],
.
.,
6;
Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [
/
]
.
.,
80, § 25.
69
82
,
!
,
,
,
.
/
2
,
!
III.5)83.
"
. " /
32 )
-
!
«[…]
».
!
/
,
&
84
.
82
83
84
70
.
!
–
)
(
,
,
#$ , ,
.
.,
34; .
:
Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [],
.
.,
35, "
;
Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [
/
],
.
.,
80, § 18.
#$ , ,
.
.,
34; .
:
United Nations General Assembly, Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials
[+
],
.
.,
84, )
, . 8(a);
OSCE, Charter for European Security [0
]
.
.,
6, . 44;
Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [
/
],
.
.,
80, §§ 25 30.
#$ , ,
.
.,
34; .
:
Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [],
.
.,
35, . 3.7;
Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [
/
],
.
.,
80, § 25;
,
.
.,
28,
. 4.
III.3.1
)
)
–
!
85
.
,
-
!
.2
!
,
,
!
!
!
.
2
,
(
/
. "
,
.
.)
)
,
!
«[…](
!
!
!
.
+
.
(
!
!
,
,
,
,
.(
,
.2
,
,
,
&
,
/
/
85
. "
#$ , .,
34.
,
.
71
/
,
,
,
&
,
5
.
/
.)
[…]»86. '
. "
&
,
,
,
,
/
[…]»87. "
,
,
,
&
(
/
.
,
!
,
!
. $
,
86
87
72
-
,
&
.
,
&
&
/
III.3.2). )
&
. 8
&
, –
«[…]
,
&
!
"
/
&
(
;
,
),
,
.
.,
28,
. 5; .
:
#$ , ,
.
.,
34;
European Platform for Policing and Human Rights (EPPHR). The Recruitment and
Retention of Police Officers from Minority Communities: Points to Consider [2
!
:
,
] (2004), p. 5.
,
.
.,
28,
. 5.
/
(
)
-
. $
-
(
,
)
–
,
.
,
, –
!
( 7
,
88
.
#
,
'
)
!
"
&
,
,
!
,
&
,
,
.
,
$
&
/
/
.)
,
!
8
2)
)
88
89
89
.$
,
,
.
&
,
,
,
.
#
(* !
-
)
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 61; .
:
Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [],
.
.,
35, . 2.5 2.6;
Council of Europe, Recommendation No. R(2000) 10 of the Committee of Ministers to
Member States on Codes of Conduct for Public Officials [9 R (2000) 10
+
«
»] (2000), . 24;
Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [
/
],
.
.,
80, §§ 22 24;
EPPHR, The Recruitment and Retention of Police Officers from Minority Communities
[2
!
],
.
.,
86, . 5;
,
.
.,
28,
. 6.
.
.,
28),
. 6.
73
«4
2)
»,
«3
DROM»
.
,
!
90
.
»
!
,
91
. "
,
4
,
!
$
3
+
)
«'
,
,
!
.
$
,
!
.
!
($
),
+
» (Del gavvers pukker-cheerus). 3
!
&
,
2009 . 30
!
!
74
!
!
+
-
. .
. "
,
–
. "
92
«
"
&
91
,
.'
4
90
)
,
,
. 2
,
,
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). Practical Examples on
Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies [)
!
(
)],
.
.,
67, . 59.
Council of Europe. Third Report Submitted by Hungary Pursuant to Article 25, para. 1 of
the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorites [5
,
"
,
&
1
25 !
], ACFC/SR/III(2009)007, Strasbourg, 4
June 2009, p. 46.
Coxhead, John/Home Office. Moving Forward. How the Gypsy and Traveller Communities
Can Be More Engaged to Improve Policing Performance [:
.+
!
!
], Queens Award for Innovation in Police Training & Development 2003,
Derbyshire 2005, p. 25.
."
,
!
*
4
!
,
)
,
,
92
.
'
"
!
,
&
. 3
,
!
. $
!
/
,
!
,
–
/
93
.
!
+
$
,
2
,
.
,
94
.
'
."/
,
,
2
,
,
.
,
-
95
.
/
/
"
. "
,
.
93
94
95
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) 2009. ECRI Report on
Hungary (fourth monitoring cycle) [
+-2 "
], CRI(2009)3, Strasbourg,
2009, p. 47.
$ .: Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and
the Police [)
!
!
/
!
],
.
.,
12, . 95.
$ .: Institute for Crime Research and Prevention, Review of the Police Policies and
Practices towards Roma in Romania [
],
.
.,
48, . 82f.
75
"
(#
-
) 3
4
" * !
/
96
,
!
.
»,
,
97
.
«
,
"$
."
!
.
+
)
(
.
$
.
+
,
!
$
,
&
!
96
97
98
76
98
!
Danish Center for Conflict Resolution/Danish Institute for Human Rights/Regional
Facilitation and Negotiation Center/Romani CRISS/Roma Center for Social Intervention
and Studies/Ministry of Administration and Interior of Romania. Report on Regional
Workshop on Policing Minorities: Human Rights and Conflict Management for Roma
Liaison Police Officers [
!
!
.)
&
–
,
&
], Sinaia, 12-15
September 2005, p. 29..
$ .: European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) 2001. Practical
Examples on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies [)
!
(
)],
.
.,
67, . 55f.
,
.
.,
28,
. 6; .
:
Council of Europe. Police Training Concerning Migrants and Ethnic Relations. Practical
Guidelines [
/
!
.)
], Community Relations, MG-EO (94) 3 E,
Strasbourg 1993, p. 39.
.
,
.
"-
! ,
!
. $ 2005
)
!
58
,
/
" 1999
%
/
. )
,
. " 2007
,
/
99
-
.
$
«1
«)
+
%
,
» (Dismantling Barrier),
» (Breaking Through). "
&
2009
!
. "
/
,
!
. "
,
;
100
.
99
100
,
!
$ .: Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and
Practices towards Roma in Romania [
],
.
.,
48, . 83;
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Field Visit on Police and
Roma Relations, Romania 12-15 November 2007 [!
,, 12-15
2007
], Warsaw,
2008, p. 7;
Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center. A Possible Mission – Information Campaign on
the Policeman Carreer Belonging to National Minorities [«"
»:
&
!
!
].
Home Office Communication Directorate. Breaking Through Action Plan: Promoting
Minority Ethnic Employment in the Police Service [4
.)
«)
»:
/
!
], London, 2004, pp. 11-21.
77
III.3.2 ,
)
2
!
. 8
,
&
,
&
,
. ) /
,
-
,
. 2
7
,
,
101
.
/
$
. )
,
/&&
102
.'
,
101
102
78
. "
,
,
. 8
,
!
&
,
,
,
/
.)
!
,
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 61; .
:
EPPHR, The Recruitment and Retention of Police Officers from Minority Communities
[2
!
],
.
.,
86, . 3;
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Recommendations on Policing in MultiEthnic Societies [],
.
.,
28,
. 7.
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 61; .
:
Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [],
.
.,
35, . 2.13;
,
.
.,
28,
. 7.
,
&
)
.
,
.+
!
,
&
103
,
!
.
,
,
&
+
(
,
!
(
,
,
,
.$
105
.
,
!
,
5
,
. )
.
,
/
,
/
,
(
105
). 8
,
104
104
,
&
III.3.3).
"
103
.
.
,
III.5).
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 62; .
:
Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Resolution 690 (1979) on the Declaration on
the Police [- !
)
%
$
690 (1979)
«'
»] (1979), Part B, § 4.
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 62; .
:
,
.
.,
28,
. 4.
5
,
. 7; .
:
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, .62.
79
,
"
«[…]
,
,
!
&
[…]»106.
III.3.3
)
)
,
+
/
,
!
«
[…]»107. "
,
,
. 4
«[…]
/
»
!
.
)
(
,
),
108
.
)
&
,
&
!
106
107
108
109
80
-
109
.
)
/
,
,
.
.,
28,
. 7.
.
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 62; .
:
EPPHR, The Recruitment and Retention of Police Officers from Minority Communities
[2
!
],
.
.,
86, . 7.
#$ , ,
.
.,
34, . 63.
5
. 2
,
«
», &
110
. #
!
/
!
111
.
,
"
,
&
.
«-
,
. 6
–
&
,
&
,
!
,
.5
&
!
!
110
111
112
#$ , .,
5
;
[-
&
»112.
,
.
34, . 63.
.
: Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter
],
.
.,
35, "
.
,
.
.,
28,
. 7.
81
$
.
2006
,$
"
-
,$
,
"
+
,
:
* !
,
#
-
;
-
!
-
!
;
;
-
;
&
113
.
82
,
;
-
113
#
–
,
$ .: http://faerleo.com/en.
,
.
III.4
'
! ,
+
(
)
,
,
,
.
,
«
«
»
,
/
,
,
»,
7
."
,/
«
,
.
&
.
/
«
,
114
"
2
,
&
. )
–
,
»
!
/
&
,
,
.)
,
&
,
«
»115.
«2
»
,
,
!
114
#$ , 2
–
,
.
.,
61, . 19-21;
Oakley 1997, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [
!
#$ , .,
!
],
.
.,
60, . 75;
34, . 65;
,
.
-
115
,
.
.,
28,
. 8-11.
Oakley 1997, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [
!
],
.
.,
60, . 75.
83
. '
!
/
/
&
,
&
. 5
. $
!
–
,
,
/
»116.
/
,
/
,
.
" )
#$
,
:
•
!
«
»(
•
,
,
27);
«
»;
«
(
/&&
!
29
»
+-2 93);
•
«
•
«
»(
28);
»(
•
(
84
&
•
116
-
5
31).
.
!
28);
,
8
,
,
117
.
III.4.1 -
,
,
!
,
2
/
118
,
.
:
•
;
!
•
,
;
•
!
;
•
,
•
;
&
;
•
!
-
,
119
,
–
.
117
#
,
$
118
119
,
,
.: Council of
Europe, Police Training Concerning Migrants and Ethnic Relations [
/
!
],
.
.,
98.
Oakley 1997, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [
!
5
, . 77;
–
],
.
.
:
.,
60, . 77.
#$ , 2
!
,
.
.,
61, . 21.
85
III.4.2 #
)
"
!,
!
!
:
•
•
•
•
;
;
!
•
•
;
;
!
;
/
•
);
•
/
&
(
;
,
;
/
!
/&&
&
/
•
•
•
•
;
;
;
!
,
;
!
;
.
120
*
,
!
!
#$ , 2
,
!
–
,
.
.,
61, . 21; Open Society Institute, Addressing
Ethnic Profiling by Police [4
/
&
,
],
.
.,
25, . 67 72;
,
.
.,
28;
Oakley, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [
!
86
;
&
•
•
120
;
!
,
!
],
.
.,
60, . 78.
,
,
,
/&&
•
;
,
•
•
(
•
&
/
,
(
);
,
);
,
;
,
121
.
,
!
,
,
.
,
121
. "
:
•
+
7
!
,
+
.
$ .: Oakley, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [
!
],
.
.,
60, . 78.
87
!
'
/
,
,
,
,
!
!
122
. *
,
.
)
,
,
/
/&&
,
/
123
.
,
!
/
!
"
!
!
,
124
.
-
"
,
. "
/
,
2)
. )
2)
. )
122
123
124
88
Mercer, Peter/Oakley, Robin. Police Training on Gypsy/Traveller Issues in Britain,
Presentation at European Workshop on Roma-Police Relations [«
/
#
»,
&
!
], Turvey, 1999. –
In: OSCE Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue 2006, Policing and
Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support Implementation of the
OSCE Action Plan for Roma and Sinti. Unpublished draft document produced for the
ODIHR CPRSI [)
:c
.$
)
#$
], . 170.
5
, . 172.
#$ , 2
!
,
.
.,
46, . 53.
:
,
-
,
-
!
;
,
/
!
;
,
;
('
$
125
2000/78/EC) .
+
125
,
;
2000/43/EC
,
,
Valles, Lola. Education Programs on Diversity and Minority Issues, including Roma
Issues, for Police Services in Catalonia (Spain) [)
+
((
)
!
,
. Presentation at the International Workshop on Relations
between Police and Roma/Travellers], Derbyshire, 27-28 November 2006, pp. 290-292;
'
/
,
,
:
#
: European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). Practical
Examples on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies [)
!
(
)],
.
.,
67, . 57;
* !
:
, . 58-60;
"
:
, . 53,
: Project on Ethnic Relations. Toward Community
Policing: The Police and Ethnic Minorities in Hungary [2
!
:
/
!
"
],
Budapest/Princeton, 2000, pp. 16f;
)
! : Lesinska, Magdalena/Rozycka, Malgorzata. Improving Relations between Roma
and the Police: Practical Examples for Poland [1
!
!
:
)
! ], Thesaurus Association. Wroclaw,
2005. – In: OSCE ODIHR Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue,
Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support
Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma & Sinti. Unpublished draft document
produced for the ODIHR CPRSI [)
: c
. $
)
#$
], . 180-187;
: Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Policies and
Practices towards Roma in Romania [
!
],
.
.,
48, . 63-75;
$
: )
,
4
$
;
$
: Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic/Presidium of the Police Force/Public
Order Department. The Project of the Police Specialists for the Work with Communities
[)
], Bratislava,
October 2009, pp. 15f;
$
+
: Danflous, Romy. Policing in Relation to Roma, Gypsy and
Traveller Communities [)
!
,
], Workshop Report, European Dialogue, London, 2006, pp. 235f,
266, 271,
: Coxhead, John, Moving Forward [:
],
.
.,
92,
. 21ff.
89
.
/
)
,
(
;
;
;
).
!
*
'
$
!
/
.8
!
!
,
!
!
126
.
5
-
:
-
-
/
(
);
;
!
&
-
,
;
!
,–
;
!
Analysis, Response, Assessment –
,
)
127
(Problem Analysis Module) ;
;
!
!
«4
,
SARA (Scanning,
,
,
»
,
&
126
127
90
Konrad, Oto/Šúryová, Eva. The Pilot Project of the Police Specialists for the Work with
Communities in Slovakia [)
/
$
. )
#
&
«!
,
»], Presentation at the Bucharest Conference on ‘The Implementation
and Harmonization of National Policies on Roma, Sinti and Travellers’, Bucharest, 4-5
May 2006, p. 310f.
( &
(
: www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk/learningzone/sara.htm
www.popcenter.org/about-SARA.htm
(
SARA);
www.popcenter.org/learning/pam (
«4
»).
128
.
+
,
,
!
,
!
!
,
.
/
,
8
/&&
–
&
,
,
, –
,
/
. "
!
/
/
!
.
. '
&
/
. .
.
!
!
#'()*
1
128
129
129
.
,
,
,
/&&
:
#$ , 2
!
.
.,
46, . 28-29 33; .
:
Danish Center for Conflict Resolution et.al. Report on Regional Workshop on Policing
Minorities: Human Rights and Conflict Management for Roma Liaison Police Officers
Officers [
!
!
:)
&
–
,
&
],
.
.,
96, . 17f.
#
#$
.)
,
(OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and
Human Rights. Law Enforcement Officer Programme on Combating Hate Crime).
" !
, 2006.
91
-
;
;
;
;
;
-
,
:
•
;
•
•
•
•
;
;
;
/
•
,
!
:
-
;
;
/
;
&
130
.
2
/&&
-$
&
:
/
.
-
:
!
/&&
&
).
-"
(
!
–
,
,
!
,
.8
!
,
.
-$
&
130
92
.) /
5
; .
#$ , 2
,
!
.
:
!
,
,
.
.,
61,
. 34-35.
–
,
-$
.8
,
.
III.4.3 +
!
–
,
/&&
131
. 4
&
,
. 2
,
,
,
!
. 1
,
/&&
,
!
,
,
,
2
, – /
. +
,
132
.
,
/
. '
/
!
,
. 5
!
,
– /
,
&
131
132
133
,
133
.
-
,
.
.,
28,
. 8.
$ .: Council of Europe, Police Training Concerning Migrants and Ethnic Relations
[
/
!
.
.,
98, . 33-37 92.
( &
&
!
!
. :,
.
.,
28,
. 9.
],
93
,
(
.
(
)
III.3.1)
!
2
,
&
.
.
6
$
+
. +
,
,
&
135
.
/
5
. $
–
,
#
"
134
/
(
! ),
. )
/
136
.
"
134
135
136
94
,
7
,
,
&
&
.
/
,
$ .: Hungarian Helsinki Committee. Control(led) Group, Final Report on the Strategies for
Effective Police Stop and Search (STEPSS) Project [+
.(
/&&
($5 ))$)], Budapest, 2008, p. 62.
$ .: United Kingdom Home Office. Romany Gypsies and Irish Travellers: Practical advice
for police and other agencies in England and Wales [4
.
,
.)
%
1/
], a National Police Improvement Agency
(NPIA) draft document, London, 2010;
National Board of Education/Roma Population Education Team/Ministry of Interior, Police
Department. Romanin ja poliisin kohdatessa [+
],
Helsinki, 2007.
$ .: National Board of Education et.al, Romanin ja poliisin kohdatessa,
.
.,
135.
,–
!
,
,
,
.
/
,
5
!
,
/
«
.
,
!
/
&
. 5
!
,
»137.
/
,
5
!
«[…]
&
&
&
,
»138.
,
"
.
!
!
!
&
!
!
139
.
III.4.4 .
!
!
,
,
!
137
138
139
-
,
.
.,
28,
. 8.
-
,
.
.,
28,
. 8, . 20.
Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police [4
&
,
],
.
.,
25, . 69.
/
95
,
,
!
)
,
!
. 2
.
,
/
/
2)
2)
.
)
,
/
,
(
.
,
#$
.
,
III.4.2).
,
"
-
,
/
,
!
.
,
&
. "
,
,
,
,
,
. 5
,
/
)
.
,
/
,
!
,
&
140
!
. "
!
140
96
$ .
:-
,
.
.,
28,
. 9, . 25.
–
,
,
,
;
/
;
,
!
. $
!
&
,
,
,
&
,
, /
&
141
.
,
.
$
142
/&&
"
7
;
/
,
!
,
;
;
«/
/
!
143
.
&
!
142
,
!
»
!
,
2
141
!
,
&
143
.
,
,
/
!
$ .: Hungarian Helsinki Committee 2008, Control(led) Group [+
],
.
.,
134, . 62;
,
.
.,
28,
. 9.
$ .: Oakley, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [
!
],
.
.,
60, . 77 79.
$ .: Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and
the Police [)
!
!
/
!
],
.
.,
12, . 92.
97
,
,
– /
,
,
,
/
.
'
,
.
&
,
,
/
. 2
!
7
,
/&&
. '
/
,
,
«
»
»145.
145
98
-
,
. "
,
–
,
144
.
!
.
,
/
!
,
144
,
.
,
"
,
!
,
;
,
«"
,
!
!
$ .: Coxhead, John. Improving Performance in Race and Diversity [)
!
/&&
]. Lambard Academic Publishing, 2009, Chapter 6.
Council of Europe, Police Training Concerning Migrants and Ethnic Relations [
/
!
],
98, . 17.
.
.,
III.5
:
)
,
,
,
,
. )
,
. «)
,
,
.
'
»146.
,
#
,
. "
,
/
/&&
,
&
146
147
.
,
,
2
–
147
/&&
/
."
#$ , .
.,
34, . 17-18.
$ .: Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and
the Police [)
!
!
/
!
],
.
.,
12, . 85;
Oakley, Robin. Building Partnerships Between Police and Minorities [6
!
!
] – In: OSCE ODIHR,
Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support
Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma and Sinti. Unpublished draft document
produced for the ODIHR CPRSI [)
:c
.$
)
#$
], . 117-123.
99
,
!
,
.
. '
,
,
.4
,
;
,
;
&
,
148
.
!
.
!
,
!
!
"
!
,
&
.
!
,
(
#$
.
,
II),
.
!
-
!
,
–
&
. +
,
&
, –
,
149
.
,
" /
!
148
149
100
#$ , ,
.,
34, . 48.
Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations Between Police and Minorities
[)
!
!
/
!
],
.
.,
12, c. 87.
.
,
–
!
.
,
$
,
,
,
,
. 2
/&&
.
&
III.5.1 *
/
,
,
'
$
.
,
!
/
)
. )
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
. $
/
,
!
,
,
&
. )
,
&
,
),
,
,
,
(
101
150
.
,
"
,
,
/
. 8
;
,
&
/
;
+
,
,
&
<
&
!
. 4
,
,
'
&
. "
,
102
$ .: #$ , .
.,
],
/
&
.
151
!
,
151
/
,
,
. $
–
150
8
/&&
– /
.
.
.
,
,
.
)
,
.
,
&
,
,
&
,
34, . 49.
.
.,
28.
–
,
&
,
!
.
,
&
&
. )
,
,
2
,
,
!
-
. )
,
&
,
,
/
,
152
.
2
&
,
(
&
)153.
&
,
+
&
,
,
,
&
. (
!
152
–
,
154
.
+-2 9 3,
154
-
,
.
.,
#$ , .,
34, . 51;
#$ , 2
!
.
.,
46,
,
,
,
!
-
,
&
,
153
, $4(
.
.,
28.
. 26-29
.
.,
55.
,
49;
:
.
,
28.
103
$
155
–
!
&
–
,
. '
!
,
!
,
,
.) /
,
,
,
&
,
,
-
,
!
!
&
2
,
,
2) ,
. .
,
156
.
/
,
/
,
,
,
,
)
.
:
•
(
•
•
!
,
);
;
•
:
•
155
156
104
,
"
2
«
;
,
#$
»
,
«
#$ , 2
.
.,
!
;
&
«
», «
.
46),
;
. 57-58.
»
.
/
». 2
,
,
•
157
.
,
&
"
."
),
,
(
&
,
!
&
.
'
158
.
&
"
,
!
7
.)
!
,
,
/
159
.
,
2
160
. 4
&
–
&
(
&
/&&
).
$
+-2 93,
161
.
&
,
&
,
!
&
,
,
)
157
158
159
160
161
. 2
,
.
,
/
5
5
5
, . 54-55.
, . 60.
, . 60.
5
.
+-2 9 3,
.
.,
55.
105
,
,
&
!
. '
&
,
,
,
.
!
"
&
!
,
,
2
"
$4( (
/
)
2)
&
–
2)
)
,
«[…]
». "
,
,
.
,
&
. 95)162.
&
.
.
,
!
!
2)
». +
2)
!
.
«
(
III.1.1),
,
&
.)
+-2 93
&
!
,
163
.
- !
&
."
/
,
&
. "
!
&
162
163
106
#$ , 2
.
.,
!
!
46,
. 66-67.
+-2 93,
.
.,
55;
Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and Practices
towards Roma in Romania [
],
.
.,
48, . 67.
,
–
164
.
)
,
/
,
!
.
!
8
.
)
«2
&
!
»165.
"
(
,
,
),
!
. )
&
,
&
!
!
&
,
,
.$/
&
. 8
.
,
!
,
/
!
,
/
.
,
)
,
!
,
!
&
,
!
166
.
!
164
165
166
#$ , 2
!
.
.,
46, . 62.
5
, . 54-66.
5
, . 64-65.
,
107
«
». 5
,
!
«
»
,
,
/
«
»
/
«
»,
. "
,
&
&
!
,
/
/
»,
/
167
108
5
,
. 65-66.
,
. "
-
8
«
,
167
.
.
.
'
(
"
)
!
-
#$
&
.
(
.
)
$
!
,
8
)
,
!
«)
-
.
.
,
(
)
!
,
).
,
,
/
168
.
)
" 2006
«-
»,
)
,
-
(
.
.
4
«
–
.#
«
,
* !
»
».
. 8
3
»
-
,
.
"
168
$
$ .: Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic/Presidium of the Police Force/Public Order
Department, The Project of the Police Specialists for the Work with Communities [)
/
],
.
.,
125, . 15ff.
109
,
;
,
&
&
(
,
!
!
!
)
!
,
,
,
169
.
(
)
–
."/
2)
&
,
.
-
-
169
170
110
:
;
,
;
-
/
!
&
/
-
,
;
;
&
(
!
170
.
&
)
$ .: DROM Romany Centre. Assistance of Criminality. Paper provided at the OSCE
Experts workshop on Initiatives and Good Practcies in Building Trust and Understanding
among the Police and Roma and Sinti Communities [3
DROM. )
.'
,
/
#$ «(
!
&
»], Vienna, 28-29
October 2009.
$ .: Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and
Practices towards Roma in Romania [
],
.
.,
48, . 77f;
Danish Center for Conflict Resolution et.al. Report on Regional Workshop on Policing
Minorities [
!
!
]
.
.,
96, . 9, 14, 16 35.
-
"
,
"
»,
("
2
,
,
&
.
)
«+
,
.$
!
,
,
,
!
,
!
&
. )
171
.
4
4
!
.2
. )
&
,
-
&
.
" $
,
172
,
». )
,
171
,
,
;
!
«,
"6
,
;
!
.
!
,
!
172
.
,
Project on Ethnic Relations. Toward Community Policing: The Police and Ethnic Minorities
in Hungary [2
!
:
/
!
"
],
.
.,
125, . 11;
Geskó, Sándor. Rendörök es romák: konfliktusok, vagy párbeszéd? [)
:
&
?], Mediátor Tanácsadó Iroda, 2000, p. 42.
)
,
4
$
.
111
+
!
. 8
2)
&
;
,
,
,
,
,
!
. $
,
,
!
,
,
6
!
173
.
!
III.5.2
,
2
,
!
&
, –
,
. "
&
,
.
,
"
,
,
,
&
,
.) /
,
,
)
/
,
173
112
,
,
,
.
! ,
Grönfors, Janette/Kankainen, Heidi. Buidling Trust and Understanding among the Police
and Roma in Finland. Presentation at the police experts workshop on “Police and Roma
and Sinti. Good Practices in Building Trust and Understanding” [6
6
.)
/
«)
.2
&
»], Vienna, 28 September 2009.
. )
,
.
,
2
,
.
2
/
.
,
,
2
–
,
!
!
!
/
174
.
,
)
(
!
,
. 2
!
5
,
,
/
. 2
,
,
(
,
&
.
)
175
.
,
,
.
"
,
,
,
,
,
.
)
. .
174
175
#$ , .,
-
,
34, . 31.
,
.
.,
/
28,
.
. 18.
113
&
4
» (
.
III.5.1,
.
/
(
!
,
.
&
III.4.3, . 87).
«
!
. 99)
)
)
/&&
&
/
/
,
!
.
$
. 8
&
&
!
/
,
,
,
.
!
,
,
176
. 8
,
,
,
.
176
114
#$ , .,
34,
. 39-42.
],
.
,
!)
" 2007
!
)
2
"
. 3
&
&
,
!
,
&
0
"
1
.
«
(
&
177
. 8
. "
7
7
-
,
,
,
,
;
,
,
,
/
,
!
)
:
&
;
((
7
;
-
178
»
;
-
177
6 /
–
,
-
-
.
,
. 2) ,
178
.
,
ORSZÁGOS REND?R-F?KAPITÁNYSÁG, TÁJÉKOZTATÓ az állampolgárok részére a
rend@ri igazoltatásról [:
2
.( &
],
Budapest, 2007.
Ayuntamiento de Fuenlabrada. Derechos ciudadanos ante identificaciones y registros
policiales [)
], Fuenlabrada.
115
)
)
1
. "
/
&
6 /
!
,
/
,
;
;
(
);
–
)
&
;
,
!
.
,
,
,
/
.
.
&
,
+
.
!
8
180
.
1
/
179
180
116
/
&
.
,
,
.
,
,
&,
(
179
8
;
;
+
#
/
)
:
,
)
((
»
,
&
-
.
«
,
(
.8
Open Society Institute, Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police [4
&
,
],
.
.,
25, . 64. +
)
IV.
5
, . 61;
Hungarian Helsinki Committee, Control(led) Group [+
],
.
.,
134, . 63.
/
/
,
"
181
.
/
!
,
,
/
182
,
III.1.4),
(
/
-
«
$
,
. "
.
»183.
)
+
/
,
+
:
,
.
/
)
/
,
,
2
(
).
,
'
!
,
,
181
182
183
184
–
.
/
184
.
(
,
,
Open Society Institute, Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police [4
/
&
,
],
.
.,
25, . 19.
Hungarian Helsinki Committee, Control(led) Group [+
],
.
.,
134, . 61.
Council of Europe Committee of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (97) 18
Protection
of Personal Data Collected and Processed for Statistical Purposes [9R
(97) 18 +
],
.
.,
55.
"$
+
«
».
117
/
)
;
/
/
/
;
;
;
. .
5
,
!
185
. "
,
/
185
186
118
,
186
.
,
,
,
Council of Europe. Recommendation Rec(2005) 4 of the Committee of Ministers to
Member States on Improving the Housing Conditions of Roma and Travellers in Europe
[Rec(2005) 4 +
«
!
»], Strasbourg,
para. 26; .
:
United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. General Comment
No. 7. The right to adequate housing (Art. 11.1 of the Covenant): Forced Evictions
[+
2
/
,
..
97 «)
(
11.1 )
):
»], sixteenth session 1997., para 16.
$ .,
: Association of Chief Police Officers of England, Wales & Northern
Ireland. Guidance on Unauthorized Encampemts [!
],
.
.,
69, . 3-9;
.
: South Norfolk Council. A Startegy for Gypsies and Travellers in Norfolk [$
!
2 &
], April 2005-March
2008, p. 15;
Richardson, Joanna. Policing Gypsies and Travellers [)
!
], Leicester, 2005, pp. 24-31; Merseyside Police
2009. Gypsy & Traveller (Policy & Procedure) [3
()
)], Version V1, 3-4th March 2009, pp. 8-10.
!
.
!
!
!
5 000
6
(
,
50
/&&
6
,
. .)
,
,
,
188
.
-
7
!
,
.
,
. )
,
,
188
.
,
. .
187
187
,
"-
/
). 8
. "
,
,
/
&
Dubuis, Samuel. Etat des relations entre la police et les Roms, Sinti et voyageurs: des
contacts locaux établis autour des aires d’accueil. Presentation at a police experts
workshop on “Police and Roma and Sinti. Good Practices in Building Trust and
Understanding” [$
!
,
:
,
.
)
/
«)
.
2
!
&
»], Vienna, 28
September 2009, p. 1.
$ .: United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General
Comment No. 7. The right to adequate housing (Art. 11.1 of the Covenant): Forced
Evictions [.
9 7. )
(
11.1 )
). )
],
.
.,
185, . 15;
Coxhead, Moving Forward. How the Gypsy and Traveller Communities can be more
engaged to improve policing performance [:
. +
!
!
],
.
.,
95, . 27;
Merseyside Police 2009, Gypsy & Traveller (Policy & Procedure) [3
()
)],
.
.,
119, . 11-12;
Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and Practices
towards Roma in Romania [
],
.
.,
48, . 54, 57 88.
119
4
,
&
,
«"
,
»,
,
,
,
!
.
–
!
(
/
,
,
)
. "
!
!
/
.
&
,
,
.
,
–
&
"
,
189
.
)
)
&
( )
&
. 6
,
,
)
(
/
189
120
)
( )
(
:
,
,
,
$ .: Romanian Police General Inspectorate/Prevention and Psycho-sociology Institute.
Assessment report on Policing and Roma Communities [
!
], Bucharest, 2009, p. 4;
Ministry of the Interior. Intervention in Events within Marginalized Communities with a high
Degree of Solidarization. Particularities and Recommendations [" !
,
.0
]. Bucharest, 2007.
/
!
190
.
&
!
,
!
,
,
&
)
,
,
.
/
'
.
&
)
,
/
(
)
. 5
,
/
«
(
&
). 3
»,
,
!
!
!
.
"
-
2)
«$
1
,
190
191
,
,
«
»
«3
» (Romani CRISS)
».
/
,
.
,
,
,
.
2)
,
8
!
191
.
-
,
.
.,
28,
. 21.
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) 2001. Practical Examples
on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies [)
!
(
)],
.
.,
67, . 61f.
121
"
/
/
,
!
. $
,
/
!
,
,
&
/
. 2
,
,
.)
,
!
,
&
.
192
.
)
,
,
,
!
.
'
&
&
,
/
.
0
!
#
.
/
!
(
)
,
193
122
+
-
,
,
!
,
193
,
/
192
/
)
,
. "
,
.
,
:
.
34, . 39-42.
Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe. Document of the Copenhagen
Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE ['
+
+ &
$#$ ],
Copenhagen, 1990.
#$ ,
.,
,
194
.)
/
$4(
195
.
!
,
,
,
,
,
(
"
196
.'
,
,
7
,
,
&
."
197
.
7
)
*
«/
/
,
III.2.1.
!
[…]
/
(
,
)
»198.
194
195
196
197
198
OSCE, Decision No. 10/07, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination: Promoting Mutual Respect
and Understanding [ #$ , - !
9 10/07 «5
:
»]; MC.DEC/10/07, Madrid, 2007.
OSCE, Decision No. 12/04, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination [ #$ , - !
9 12/04
«
»], MC.DEC/12/04, Annex, Sofia, 2004.
,
2. 4
&
(United Nations General Assembly, Res. 2106(XX),
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination), 1965,
4(b).
$ .: Oakley, Robin. Tackling Racist & Xenophobic Violence in Europe: The Role of Police
[4
&
:
] – In:
OSCE ODIHR, Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to
Support Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma and Sinti [)
:c
.$
)
#$
], . 107-116; .
: Oakley,
Tackling Racist and Xenophobic Violence in Europe [4
&
], Council of Europe Publishing, 1996, pp. 59-75.
,
.
.,
28,
. 19, . 44.
123
"
)
««-
/
(
» (
/
«)
.5
,
,
,
/
2)
III.2.3)). 2
.
[…]
!
(
.
III.2.2)
/
,
199
7
»
&
(
,
;
!
»200. )
/
!
,
,
. .
,
!
201
('
,
III.5.1.)
)
199
200
201
202
124
,
5
5
#
.
; .
#$
:
202
.
.)
:
.4
2)
#$ (Preventing and Responding to Hate Crimes. A Resource Guide
for NGOs in the OSCE Region). " !
, 2009.
+-2 93,
.
.,
55.
Danflous, Romy. Policing in Relation to Roma, Gypsy and Traveller Communities
[)
!
,
],
.
.,
128, . 268.
.
,
!
!
)
,
6
.
!
"
!
2)
,
" :
2
Riksförbundet)
. 3
!
,
,
,
&
203
.
,
(Romska
&
7
,
–
;
;
,
)
&
204
.
gavvers pukker-cheerus] (
($
«'
III.3.1),
+
!
.
+
!
)
» [Del
205
.
"
«
,
!
203
204
205
«
$
,
» (
.
III.1.4
III.5.2),
&
&
.8
,
2) ,
&
.)
#$ :
.,
2008
(Hate Crimes in the OSCE Region – Incidents and Responses. Annual
Report 2008),
.
.,
13.
5
.
Coxhead, John/Home Office 2005. Moving Forward. How the Gypsy and Traveller
Communities can be more engaged to improve policing performance [:
.+
!
!
],
.
.,
92, . 25.
#
#$
125
»206.
,
&
2) , – /
207
.
)
,
/
(
2) )
,
&
(
. (
,
)
&
2
/
208
.
(
)
&
$4(
,
. 2)
(
209
.
,
5
/&&
,
/
!
206
207
208
209
126
-
,
.
.,
)
2)
28,
&
/&&
.
. 19, . 44.
:
#$ ,
.
.,
200.
.4
#$ , ,
.,
34, . 34-35;
Council of Europe, Recommendation No. R (85) 11 of the Committee of Ministers to
Member States on the Position of the Victim in the Framework of Criminal Law and
Procedure (1985) [9 (85) 11 +
«
»],
1-4;
,
.
.,
28),
. 20; .
:
+-2 93,
.
.,
55;
)
:
.4
2)
#$ ,
.
.,
200.
)
:
,
.
.,
200.
.
III.5.3 $
,
&
210
,
.
'
/&&
!
,
.1
!
.
-
!
7
,
–
,
.8
.
-
)
–
.
,
/
&
!
,
!
!
!
!
!
.
2
,
.
210
#$ , .,
34, . 44.
,
,
.
127
!
,
)
-
,
!
,
!
'
&
,
. "
!
!
211
128
211
.
Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and Practices
towards Roma in Romania [
],
.
.,
48, . 89.
IV.
"
!
#$
!
!
/
. )
,
!
,
, – /
/&&
,
#$ .
!
2
&
!
!
:
)
•
;
!
,
•
&
•
•
•
;
!
;
;
&
,
,
/
: &
!
'
/&&
.
.
/
. '
/&&
/
,
,
,
!
,
. )
,
!
,
&
129
,
.
)
,
/
!
–
,
.8
,
.
,
,
,
,
;
,
,
!
,
. 1
,
!
!
.
/
.)
,
,
(
/
/
)
. "
,
.
,
/
!
130
/
.)
!
–
*
,
),
!
,
,
/
!
,
(
,
1
!
–
!
!
,
,
.
. 5
,
–
)
!
,
-
,
8
/&&
,
&
,
!
.
–
!
,
,
&
.
.
"
,
,
#$ ,
-
,
,
,
!
)
#$ .
!
(
/
#$ ,
,
,
.
!
!
131
132
V.
V.1
- $
Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe. Document of the
Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of
the CSCE [$
.
'
+
$#$ ], Copenhagen 1990. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/1990/06/13992_en.pdf. :
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/1990/06/13992_ru.pdf.
Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Helsinki Document 1992.
The Challenges of Change [$
.0
1992
.
"
], Helsinki 1992. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1992/07/4048_en.pdf. :
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1992/07/4046_ru.pdf.
Council of Europe Committee of Ministers. Recommendation No. R (97) 18 of
the Committee of Ministers to Member States concerning the Protection
of Personal Data Collected and Processed for Statistical Purposes
[9R (97) 18 +
«
,
»], 1997. URL:
https://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.InstraServlet?command=com.instranet.
CmdBlobGet&InstranetImage=567406&SecMode=1&DocId=578856&U
sage=2.
Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly. Resolution 690 (1979) on the
Declaration on the Police [)
$
.690 (1979) «
'
»], 1979. URL:
http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/8011.
Council of Europe. Recommendation No. R (85) 11 of the Committee of
Ministers to Member States on the Position of the Victim in the
Framework of Criminal Law and Procedure [$
.
9 R (85) 11 +
«
»], 1985. URL:
https://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.InstraServlet?command=com.instranet.
CmdBlobGet&InstranetImage=605227&SecMode=1&DocId=686736&U
sage=2.
Council of Europe. Recommendation No. R (2000) 10 of the Committee of
Ministers to Member States on Codes of Conduct for Public Officials
[$
.9 R (2000) 10 +
«
133
»], 2000. URL:
https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=353945&Site=CM.
Council of Europe. Recommendation Rec(2001) 10 of the Committee of
Ministers to Member States on the European Code of Police Ethics
[$
.Rec(2001) 10 +
«
/
»], 2001. URL: http://www.coe.int/t/e/legal_affairs/legal_cooperation/police_and_internal_security/conferences/2002_vilnius/Rec(2
001)10%20European%20Code%20of%20Police%20Ethics.asp.
: http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/8117.
Council of Europe. Recommendation Rec(2005) 4 of the Committee of
Ministers to Member States on Improving the Housing Conditions of
Roma and Travellers in Europe [$
.Rec(2005) 4 +
«
!
]. URL: https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=825545&Site=CM.
Council of Europe. Vienna Declaration, Council of Europe Summit ["
,
$
!
], Vienna, 9
October 1993. URL:
https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=621771&BackColorInternet=9999CC
&BackColorIntranet=FFBB55&BackColorLogged=FFAC75.
Council of Europe/Commissioner for Human Rights. Opinion of the
Commissioner for Human Rights Concerning Independent and Effective
Determination of Complaints Against the Police [$
/+
..
+
/&&
], CommDH(2009)4, 12 March 2009.
URL:
https://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.InstraServlet?Index=no&command=co
m.instranet.CmdBlobGet&InstranetImage=1374133&SecMode=1&DocI
d=1376740&Usage=2.
Council of the European Union. Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000
implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons
irrespective of racial or ethnic origin ['
$
2000/43/ $
29
2000 .
/
], Official Journal L 180 , 19/07/2000 P. 0022 –
0026. URL: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0043:en:H
TML.
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), ECRI General
Policy Recommendation No. 3 on Combating Racism and Intolerance
against Roma/Gypsies, adopted on 29 June 2007 [
.
+-2 93 «#
!
/
»], CRI(98)29 rev.,
134
Strasbourg, 1998. URL:
http://www.ihop.org.tr/dosya/coe/ecri/ECRI_3.pdf. :
http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/activities/GPR/Compilations_en/
compilation%20recommandation%201-11%20russe%20cri07-38.pdf.
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). ECRI General
Policy Recommendation No. 11 on Combating Racism and Racial
Discrimination in Policing, adopted on 29 June 2007 [
.
+-2 911 «#
»], CRI(2007)39,
29
2007 ., $
, 2007 .,
URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/activities/GPR/EN/Recommend
ation_N11/e-RPG%2011%20-%20A4.pdf. :
http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/activities/GPR/Compilations_en/
compilation%20recommandation%201-11%20russe%20cri07-38.pdf.
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). Statement of
the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance on recent
events affecting Roma and immigrants in Italy, adopted on 20 June
2008 at ECRI’s 46th plenary meeting [.
!
(
], 2008. URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/library/PressReleases/5320_06_2008_en.asp.
European Court of Human Rights, Case of Velikova v. Bulgaria [
,
«"
#
»],
Application no. 41488/98, Judgment, Strasbourg, 18 May 2000. URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/jurisprudence/caselaw/VELIKOV
A_en.asp.
European Court of Human Rights, Case of Anguelova v. Bulgaria
[
,
«%
#
»], Application no. 38361/97, Judgment, Strasbourg, 13 June
2002. URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/jurisprudence/caselaw/ANGUEL
OVA_en.asp.
European Court of Human Rights, Case of Secic v. Croatia [
,
«$
0
»], Application
no. 40116/02, Judgment, Strasbourg, 22 June 2000. URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/jurisprudence/Pressreleasesecic
_en.asp.
European Court of Human Rights, Case of Nachova and Others v. Bulgaria
[
,
«2
#
»], Applications nos. 43577/98 and 43579/98,
Judgment, Strasbourg, 6 July 2005. URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/jurisprudence/caselaw/NACHOV
Afinal_en.asp.
European Court of Human Rights, Case of Cobzaru v. Romania [
,
«+
»],
135
Application no. 48254/99, Judgment, $
, 26
2007 ., URL:
http://www.ius.info/EUII/EUCHR/dokumenti/2007/07/CASE_OF_COBZA
RU_v._ROMANIA_26_07_2007.html.
European Court of Human Rights, Case of Angelova and Iliev v. Bulgaria
[
,
«%
(
#
»], Application no. 55523/00, Judgment, Strasbourg,
26 July 2007. URL:
http://www.ius.info/EUII/EUCHR/dokumenti/2007/07/CASE_OF_ANGEL
OVA_AND_ILIEV_v._BULGARIA_26_07_2007.html.
OSCE, Istanbul Summit Declaration 1999. Istanbul Document [ #$ ,
'
$
!
–
$
1999
], Istanbul 1999. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1999/11/4050_en.pdf. :
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1999/11/4050_ru.pdf.
OSCE, Charter for European Security [ #$ , 0
], Istanbul 1999. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1999/11/17497_en.pdf. :
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1999/11/4050_ru.pdf.
OSCE, Decision No. 3/03, Action Plan on Improving the Situation of Roma and
Sinti within the OSCE Area [ #$ , !
$
93/03 «)
!
#$ »], MC.DEC/3/03, 4
, 2003 ., URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2003/11/1751_en.pdf. :
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2003/11/1751_ru.pdf.
OSCE, Ministerial Council Decision No. 4/03: Tolerance and NonDiscrimination [ #$ , - !
$
9 4/03 «
»], MC.DEC/4/03, Maastricht 2003.
URL: http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/2006/06/19330_en.pdf.
OSCE, Decision No. 12/04, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination [ #$ ,
)
- !
$
9 12/04 «
»], MC.DEC/12/04, Annex, Sofia
2004. URL: http://www.osce.si/docs/mc-dec_12-04.pdf.
OSCE, Cordoba Declaration by the Chairman-in-Office [ #$ , +
#$ ], FINAL
CIO.GAL/76/05/Rev.2, Cordoba 2005. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/cio/2005/06/15109_en.pdf.
OSCE, Decision No. 10/05, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination: Promoting
Mutual Respect and Understanding [ #$ , - !
$
910/05 «5
:
»], MC.DEC/10/05, Ljubljana 2005.
URL: http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/2005/12/17441_en.pdf.
OSCE, Decision No. 13/06, Combating Intolerance and Discrimination and
Promoting Mutual Respect and Understanding [ #$ , - !
$
913/06 «#
»], MC.DEC/13/06, Brussels 2006. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/2006/12/22565_en.pdf. 136
:
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/2006/12/22565_ru.pdf.
OSCE, Decision No. 10/07, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination: Promoting
Mutual Respect and Understanding [ #$ , - !
$
910/07 «5
:
]; MC.DEC/10/07, Madrid 2007.
URL: http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/2007/12/28629_en.pdf.
OSCE, Decision No. 6/08 on Enhancing OSCE Efforts to Implement the Action
Plan on Improving the Situation of Roma and Sinti within the OSCE
Area [ #$ , - !
$
9 6/08 «)
!
/&&
#$
!
#$ »],
MC.DEC/6/08, Helsinki 2008. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/2008/12/35585_en.pdf.
OSCE, Decision No. 8/09 on Enhancing OSCE Efforts to Ensure Roma and
Sinti Sustainable Integration [ #$ , - !
$
98/09 «)
!
/&&
#$
»], MC. DEC/8/09, Athens 2009.
URL: http://www.osce.org/documents/cio/2009/12/41862_en.pdf.
United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General
Comment No. 7. The right to adequate housing (art. 11.1 of the
Covenant): Forced Evictions [+
2
/
,
..
97 «)
(
11.1 )
):
»], sixteenth session 1997. URL:
http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(symbol)/CESCR+General+Comment+
7.En?OpenDocument (
.).
,
%
2 217 A(111). "
(1948). URL:
http://www.un.org/ru/documents/udhr/.
,
%
2 2106(XX). 4
&
(1965).
URL: http://www.un.org/russian/documen/convents/raceconv.htm.
,
%
2 2200 A(XXI). 4
(1966). URL:
http://www.un.org/russian/documen/convents/pactpol.htm.
,
%
2 2200A (XXI). 4
/
,
(1966).
URL: http://www.un.org/russian/documen/convents/pactecon.htm.
,
%
2 A/Res/34/180. +
&
!
(1979).
URL: http://www.un.org/russian/documen/convents/cedaw.htm.
,
%
2 A/Res/34/169. +
[Code
of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials], 1979. URL: http://daccessddsny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/382/64/IMG/NR038264.pdf?Op
enElement.
137
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
$
V.2
,
%
,
2 A/Res/39/46. +
(1984). URL:
http://www.un.org/russian/documen/convents/torture.htm.
,
%
2 A/Res/43/173 «$
,
&
», 1988. URL:
http://www.un.org/russian/documen/convents/detent.htm.
,
%
2 A/Res/44/25. +
(1989). URL:
http://www.un.org/russian/documen/convents/childcon.htm.
,
%
2 A/Res/45/107 «4
», 1990. URL:
http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/570/12/IMG/NR057012.pdf?Op
enElement.
,
%
2 A/Res/45/113 «)
7
2
,
!
, !
»,1990. URL:
http://www.un.org/russian/documen/convents/juveniles_liberty.html.
,
%
2 A/Res 47/135. '
,
/
,
!
(1993). URL:
http://www.un.org/russian/documen/declarat/minority_rights.html.
,
%
2 A/Res/48/134 «2
,
!
»,1993. URL: http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N94/116/26/PDF/N9411626.pdf?OpenElem
ent.
2, A/HRC/1/L.2.
4
(2006). URL:
http://www.un.org/russian/documen/convents/disappearance.html.
"
Amnesty International. Europe: Discrimination against Roma [
:
!
]. Media Briefing, News service No.
205, 25 October 2007. URL:
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR01/012/2007/en/52f9fe6ed
35c-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/eur010122007en.pdf.
Association of Chief Police Officers of England, Wales & Northern Ireland.
Guidance on Unauthorized Encampments [-
138
!
]. London 2008.
URL: http://www.acpo.police.uk/policies.asp.
Ayuntamiento de Fuenlabrada, Derechos ciudadanos ante identificaciones y
registros policiales [)
]. Fuenlabrada.
Barton, Sasha. Ethnic Monitoring, Gypsies and Travellers [8
,
]. In: Roma Rights
Quarterly, Issue: 1 / 2004, pp. 24-29.
Bowling, Ben; Phillips, Coretta. Policing Ethnic Minority Communities
[)
/
!
]. In:
Tim Newburn. Handbook of Policing. Portland, 2005, pp. 528-555.
Community Policy Development Group. Developing the Social Inclusion Policy
– Gypsies and Travellers Provision [–
!
].
Report of the Strategic Director (Community). URL:
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/5760919/ITEM-Community-PolicyDevelopment-Group-May-ITEM-DEVELOPING-THE.
Council of Europe. Police Training Concerning Migrants and Ethnic Relations.
Practical Guidelines [
/
!
.)
].
Community Relations, MG-EO (94) 3 E, Strasbourg 1993. URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/migration/Documentation/Series_Community_R
elations/Police_training_concerning_migrants_and_ethnic_relations_e%
E2%80%A6.pdf.
Council of Europe, Third Report Submitted by Hungary Pursuant to Article 25,
Paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National
Minorities [5
,
"
,
&
1
25 !
]. ACFC/SR/III(2009)007, Strasbourg, 4
June 2009, p. 46. URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,COESFCPNM,COUNTRYREP,
HUN,4a72da312,0.html.
Council of the European Union. Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000
implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons
irrespective of racial or ethnic origin ['
$
2000/43/ $
29
2000 . «
/
]. Official Journal L 180 , 19/07/2000 P. 0022 –
0026. URL: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0043:en:H
TML.
Coxhead, John/Home Office. Moving Forward: How the Gypsy and Traveller
Communities can be more engaged to improve policing performance
[:
.+
!
!
]. Queens Award for Innovation in Police Training &
139
Development 2003, Derbyshire 2005. URL:
http://police.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/equality-diversity/travellersmoving-forward?view=Binary.
Coxhead, John. The Last Bastion of Racism? Gypsies, Travellers and Policing
[)
?3
,
]. Trentham, 2007.
Coxhead, John. Improving Performance in Race and Diversity [)
!
/&&
]. Lambard Academic Publishing, 2009.
Danflous, Romy. Policing in Relation to Roma, Gypsy and Traveller
Communities [)
!
,
], Workshop Report. European Dialogue, London,
2006. URL:
http://www.europeandialogue.org/ED_PAGES/programmes_roma_polic
e_more.html.
Danish Center for Conflict Resolution/Danish Institute for Human
Rights/Regional Facilitation and Negotiation Center/Romani
CRISS/Roma Center for Social Intervention and Studies/Ministry of
Administration and Interior of Romania. Report on Regional Workshop
on Policing Minorities. Human Rights and Conflict Management for
Roma Liaison Police Officers [
!
!
.)
&
–
,
&
].
Sinaia, 12-15 September 2005. URL:
http://pm.regionalnet.org/up/programs/Conference%20Policing%20Mino
rities%20Report%202005.pdf.
Decade of Roma Inclusion Secretariat Foundation. Decade Declaration
['
,'
]. URL:
http://www.romadecade.org/decade_declaration.
Dimovné, Eve Keresztes. The Hungarian Police Reform [- &
"
]. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control
of Armed Forces, Conference Paper, Geneva. URL:
http://www.dcaf.ch/dcois/ev_prague_021108_hung.pdf.
DROM Romany Centre. Assistance of Criminality Prevention [)
]. Information provided at the OSCE
experts workshop on Initiatives and Good Practices in Building Trust
and Understanding among the Police and Roma and Sinti Communities
[
,
/
#$
«(
&
»].
Vienna, 28/29 October 2009.
Dubuis, Samuel. Etat des relations entre la police et les Roms, Sinti et
voyageurs: des contacts locaux établis autour des aires d’accueil
[$
!
,
:
,
140
]. Presentation at the police experts workshop on
“Police and Roma and Sinti. Good Practices in Building Trust and
Understanding” [)
/
«)
:
!
&
»]. Vienna, 28
September 2009.
Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center. A Possible Mission – Information
Campaign on the Policeman Career Belonging to National Minorities
[«"
»– &
!
!
]. URL:
http://www.edrc.ro/projects.jsp?program_id=1&project_id=58.
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). Practical
Examples on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies
[
.
)
!
(
)], CRI (2001) 28, Strasbourg, 2001. URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/Good_practices/3Roma_Gypsies/CRI(2001)28.pdf.
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). ECRI Report
on Hungary [
+-2
"
], (fourth monitoring cycle),
CRI(2009)3, Strasbourg 2009. URL:
http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/Country-bycountry/Hungary/HUN-CbC-IV-2009-003-ENG.pdf.
European Platform for Policing and Human Rights (EPPHR). The Recruitment
and Retention of Police Officers from Minority Communities: Points to
Consider [2
!
:
,
].
2004. URL: http://www.epphr.dk/download/platform/HR%20%20Minority%20Officers.pdf.
European Roma Policy Coalition. About [( &
!
]. URL:
http://roma.wieni.be/about.
European Roma Rights Centre, Police Violence against Roma [)
!
]. Country Reports Series, Issue No. 12 /
2003.
European Roma Rights Centre. Summary of ERRC concerns related to
violence against Roma in Hungary [( &
3)3
!
"
]. Budapest, 2009.
European Roma Rights Centre/Hungarian Civil Liberties Union. Report on the
circumstances of the double murder committed at Tatárszentgyörgy on
23 February 2009 and conduct of the acting authorities (the police,
ambulance and fire services) [
,
!
5
23 &
2009
,
(
,
)]. Budapest, 7 May 2009. URL:
http://www.eumap.org/library/static/libr2/2/h/x17lw9s2.pdf.
141
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. The Roma. Data in Focus
Report [)
!
$
(EU-MIDIS). :
&
], 2009. URL:
http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/attachments/EU-MIDIS_ROMA_EN.pdf.
Foundation 'Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society'. Rotterdam Charter: Policing for
a Multi-ethnic Society [:
]. Rotterdam, 1996.
URL:
http://www.rotterdamcharter.nl/files/site49_20050603092740_Rotterdam
_Charter_%28english%29.pdf.
Fraternal Association of European Roma Law Enforcement Officers.
Introduction [#
–
."
]. Budapest 2006. URL:
http://faerleo.com/en.
Geskó, Sándor. Rendörök es romák: konfliktusok, vagy párbeszéd? [)
:
&
?]. Mediátor Tanácsadó Iroda, 2000.
Gimes, Gergely/Juhász, Attila/Kiss, Kálmán/Krekó, Péter/Somogyi, Zoltán.
Prejudices and the Extreme Right in Hungary, 2008. A Situation Report
with Recommendations [)
"
2008
:
].
%
&
"
. Budapest, 2008. URL:
http://www.maraalapitvany.hu/upload/Policies_and_Prejudices_2008.pdf
Grönfors, Janette; Kankainen, Heidi. Building Trust and Understanding among
the Police and Roma in Finland [6
6
].
Presentation at the police experts workshop on “Police and Roma and
Sinti. Good Practices in Building Trust and Understanding”
[)
/
«)
.2
!
&
»]. Vienna, 28 September 2009.
Halász, Katalin. The Situation of Roma in Europe [)
.2
2007
]. European Network Against Racism (ENAR) Shadow Report
2007. URL:
http://cms.horus.be/files/99935/MediaArchive/pdf/The%20situation%20o
f%20Roma%20in%20Europe%202007.pdf.
Home Office Communication Directorate. Breaking Through Action Plan:
Promoting Minority Ethnic Employment in the Police Service [)
«)
»:
/
!
]. London, 2004. URL:
http://www.apa.police.uk/NR/rdonlyres/51FBDAC3-C72E-4DD5-B5A05C91190D5E84/0/BreakingThroughActionPlan.pdf.
Human Rights First. Violence Against Roma, 2008 Hate Crime Survey
[2
!
.
142
2008
]. New York, 2008. URL:
http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/pdf/fd/08/fd-080924-roma-web.pdf.
Human Rights Watch. Kosovo: Investigate Attacks on Roma, News [+
:
,
]. Brussels,
September 7, 2007. URL:
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/09/07/kosovo-investigate-attacksroma.
Hungarian Helsinki Committee. Control(led) Group, Final Report on the
Strategies for Effective Police Stop and Search (STEPPS) Project
[«+
». (
/&&
]. Budapest, 2008. URL:
http://helsinki.hu/dokumentum/MHB_STEPSS_US.pdf.
Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and
Practices towards Roma in Romania [
!
]. Bucharest, 2007.
Isern, Imogen. A Strategy for Gypsies and Travellers in Norfolk [$
!
2 &
]. April
2005 – March 2008, South Norfolk. URL: http://www.southnorfolk.gov.uk/CARMS/meetings/cab2005-01-04ag07_appA.pdf.
Kenrick, Donald/Paxon, Grattan. Destiny of Europe’s Gypsies [$
]. Basic Books, New York, 1972.
Konrad, Oto/Šúryová, Eva. The Pilot Project of the Police Specialists for the
Work with Communities in Slovakia [)
/
$
].
Presentation at the Bucharest Conference on ‘The Implementation and
Harmonization of National Policies on Roma, Sinti and Travellers,
Bucharest, 4-5 May 2006 [)
&
«!
,
», #
, 4-5
2006 .]. – In:
OSCE ODIHR Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues; European
Dialogue. Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of
Documents to Support Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for
Roma & Sinti [)
:c
.$
)
#$
]. 2
,
+3-$ #'()*. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2006/10/21483_en.pdf.
Lesinska, Magdalena/Rozycka, Malgorzata. Improving Relations between
Roma and the Polcie: Practical Examples for Poland [1
!
!
:
)
! ]. Thesaurus Association, Wroclaw, 2005. – In: OSCE ODIHR
Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue, Policing
and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to
Support Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma & Sinti
143
[)
:c
.
$
)
#$
]. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2006/10/21483_en.pdf.
Liégeois, Jean-Pierre. Roma in Europe []. Council of Europe
Publishing, Strasbourg Cedex, 2007.
Mercer, Peter/Oakley, Robin. Police Training on Gypsy/Traveller Issues in
Britain, Presentation at European Workshop on Roma-Police Relations
[«
/
#
»,
&
!
]. Turvey, 1999. – In: OSCE ODIHR Contact Point for Roma
and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue, Policing and Roma: A Resource
Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support Implementation of the
OSCE Action Plan for Roma & Sinti. [)
:c
.$
)
#$
]. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2006/10/21483_en.pdf, . 167172.
Merseyside Police. Gypsy & Traveller (Policy & Procedure) [3
()
)], Version V1. 3-4, March
2009. URL:
http://www.merseyside.police.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=1050&p=0.
Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic/Presidium of the Police Force/Public
Order Department. The Project of the Police Specialists for the Work
with Communities [)
]. Bratislava, October 2009.
Ministry of the Interior. Intervention in Events within Marginalized Communities
with a high Degree of Solidarity. Particularities and Recommendations
[" !
,
.0
]. Bucharest, 2007.
Mulcahy, Aogán; O’Mahony, Eoin. Policing and Social Marginalisation in
Ireland [)
(
], Combat Power Agency Working Paper 05/02. URL:
http://www.cpa.ie/publications/workingpapers/200502_WP_Policing&SocialMarginalisation.pdf.
National Board of Education/Roma Population Education Team/Ministry of
Interior, Police Department. Romanin ja poliisin kohdatessa [+
]. Helsinki, 2007.
Oakley, Robin. Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities
[
!
]. – In: Council of Europe, Human
Rights and the Police [)
]. Strasbourg, 1997.
144
Oakley, Robin. Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic
Minorities and the Police [)
!
!
/
!
]. – In:
OSCE ODIHR Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European
Dialogue, Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of
Documents to Support Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for
Roma & Sinti [)
:c
.$
)
#$
]. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2006/10/21483_en.pdf, . 85-96.
Oakley, Robin. Tackling Racist & Xenophobic Violence in Europe: The Role of
Police [4
&
:
]. – In: OSCE ODIHR Contact Point for Roma
and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue, Policing and Roma: A Resource
Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support Implementation of the
OSCE Action Plan for Roma & Sinti [)
:c
.$
)
#$
]. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2006/10/21483_en.pdf, . 107116.
Oakley, Robin. Building Partnerships Between Police and Minorities
[6
!
!
]. – In: OSCE ODIHR Contact Point for Roma and Sinti
Issues/European Dialogue, Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A
Compilation of Documents to Support Implementation of the OSCE
Action Plan for Roma & Sinti [)
:
c
.$
)
#$
]. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2006/10/21483_en.pdf, . 117123.
Oakley, Robin. Overall Framework on Relations Between Police and Roma,
Sinti & Travellers [
!
,
]. In: OSCE ODIHR Contact
Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue, Policing and
Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support
Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma & Sinti
[)
:c
.
$
)
#$
]. URL:
http://www.europeandialogue.org/ED_PAGES/programmes_roma_polic
e_more.html, . 297-303.
Oakley, Robin; Slater, John; Taylor, Chris. Systematic Assessment of Policing
Police and Practice Relating to Roma: Guidance for Use in OSCE
Participating States [$
!
:
#$ ]. A Practical
Guidance Document to Support Implementation of the
Recommendations on Policing in the OSCE Action plan for Roma and
145
Sinti, Produced for OSCE/ODIHR by European Dialogue [)
!
,
,
)
#$
«
»
+3-$ #'()*]. London, 2007. URL:
http://www.europeandialogue.org/ED_PAGES/programmes_roma_polic
e_more.html.
Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police. A Report on the
Strategies for Effective Police Stop and Search Project [4
/
&
,
.
«4
/&&
»]. New York, 2009.
Open Society Institute. Ethnic Profiling in the European Union: Pervasive,
Ineffective, and Discriminatory [8
&
c
:
,
,
]. New York, 2009.
OSCE, Final Report, Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting, “The Role of
National Institutions against Discrimination in Combating Racism and
Xenophobia with a Special Focus on Persons belonging to National
Minorities and Migrants” [(
'
«&
!
»]. Vienna, 29-30 May, 2008. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2008/10/33849_en.pdf.
OSCE. Final Report, Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting “Sustainable
Policies for Roma and Sinti Integration” [(
'
«1
»]. Vienna,
10-11 July 2008. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2008/10/33484_en.pdf.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Roma (Gypsies) in the
CSCE Region. Report of the High Commissioner on National Minorities
[(
)
$#$ .
"
!
]. Vienna, 1993. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/hcnm/1993/09/3473_en.pdf.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Report on the Situation of
Roma and Sinti in the OSCE Area [
#$ ]. The Hague, 2000. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/hcnm/2000/03/241_en.pdf.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Recommendations on
Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies []. The
Hague, 2006. URL:
http://www.osce.org/publications/hcnm/2006/02/31534_1150_en.pdf.
: http://www.osce.org/documents/hcnm/2006/02/17982_ru.pdf.
OSCE. Implementation of Police-Related Programmes. Lessons Learned in
South-Eastern Europe [,
146
.
> -"
]. SPMU
Publication Series Vol. 7, Vienna, December 2008. URL:
http://www.osce.org/publications/spmu/2008/12/35735_1218_en.pdf.
OSCE ODIHR Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue.
Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents
to Support Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma & Sinti.
Unpublished draft document produced for the ODIHR CPRSI
[)
:c
.
$
)
#$
.2
,
+3-$ #'()*]. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2006/10/21483_en.pdf.
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Law Enforcement
Officer Programme on Combating Hate Crime [)
],
." !
, 2006.
URL:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2006/09/20673_676_en.pdf.
:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2006/09/20673_676_ru.pdf.
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Challenges and
Responses to Hate-Motivated Incidents in the OSCE Region ["
#$ ]. Warsaw, 2006. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2006/10/21496_en.pdf.
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Field Visit on
Police and Roma Relations, Romania, 12-15 November 2007 [!
.,
12-15
2007
]. Warsaw, 2008. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2008/02/29832_en.pdf.
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Implementation of
the Action Plan on Improving the Situation of Roma and Sinti within the
OSCE Area. Status Report 2008 ["
)
!
#$ .
2008
]. " !
, 2008. URL:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2008/09/33130_1186_en.pdf.
:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2008/09/33130_1186_ru.pdf.
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Hate Crimes in
the OSCE Region – Incidents and Responses. Annual Report 2007
[)
#$ –
.,
2007
]. " !
, 2008.
URL:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2008/10/33850_1196_en.pdf.
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Hate Crime Laws:
A Practical Guide [.
.)
]. " !
, 2009. URL:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2009/03/36671_1263_en.pdf.
147
:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2009/03/36671_1263_ru.pdf.
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Hate Crimes in
the OSCE Region – Incidents and Responses. Annual Report 2008
[)
#$ :
.,
2008
]. " !
, 2009.
URL:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2009/11/41314_1386_en.pdf.
:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2009/11/41314_1424_ru.pdf.
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Preventing and
Responding to Hate Crimes. A Resource Guide or NGOs in the OSCE
Region [)
:
.4
2)
#$ ]. " !
, 2009. URL:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2009/10/40781_1382_en.pdf.
:
http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2009/10/40781_1382_ru.pdf.
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights/High
Commissioner in National Minorities 2008, Assessment of the Human
Rights Situation of Roma and Sinti in Italy. Report of a fact-finding
mission to Milan, Naples and Rome on 20-26 July 2008 [%
(
.
4
,
2
20-26
2008
]. URL:
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2009/03/36620_en.pdf.
#$ , –C
$
!
,
#$ , $
$")',
1,
"
, 2,
2008 .. URL:
http://polis.osce.org/library/view?item_id=2658&attach_id=2639
:
http://polis.osce.org/library/view?item_id=2658&attach_id=2755
#$ , 2
!
–C
$
!
,
#$ , $
$")',
4,
"
,
2008 . URL:
http://polis.osce.org/library/view?item_id=3335&attach_id=2299
:
http://polis.osce.org/library/view?item_id=3335&attach_id=2300
#$ , 2
!
–
–C
$
!
,
#$ , $
$")',
5, "
,
2008 . URL:
http://polis.osce.org/library/view?item_id=3555&attach_id=2732
:
http://polis.osce.org/library/view?item_id=3555&attach_id=2733
148
ORSZÁGOS REND?R-F?KAPITÁNYSÁG, TÁJÉKOZTATÓ az állampolgárok
részére a rend@ri igazoltatásról [:
2
.( &
].
Budapest, 2007 (
). URL:
http://www.euroastra.info/files/Igazoltatasi_kezikonyv.pdf.
Project on Ethnic Relations. Toward Community Policing: The Police and
Ethnic Minorities in Hungary [2
!
:
/
!
"
].
Budapest/Princeton, 2000.
Race Equality West Midlands. Gypsies and Travellers: Disadvantage and
Discrimination. How race equality councils and other voluntary bodies
can help [3
:
.
)
]. Birmingham, 2005. URL:
http://www.rewm.org/RED15.pdf.
Richardson, Joanna. Policing Gypsies and Travellers [)
!
]. Leicester,
2005. URL:
www.york.ac.uk/inst/chp/hsa/autumn05/papers/Richardson.doc.
Romanian Police General Inspectorate/Prevention and Psycho-sociology
Institute. Assessment report on Policing and Roma Communities [
!
]. Bucharest, 2009.
South Norfolk Council. A Strategy for Gypsies and Travellers in Norfolk
[$
!
2 &
], April 2005 - March 2008.
United Kingdom Home Office. Romany Gypsies and Irish Travellers: Practical
advice for police and other agencies in England and Wales. %n NPIA
draft document [4
.,
.)
%
1/
], London,
2009.
United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Guiding Principles on Internal
Displacement. Addendum to Report of the Representative of the
Secretary General, Mr. Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to
Commission resolution 1997/39 [.'
,
- 6 /
4. '
,
1997/39],
E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, 11 February 1998, New York. URL:
http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G98/104/93/PDF/G9810493
.pdf?OpenElement.
149
United Nations, General Assembly, Report of the Committee on the
Elimination of Racial Discrimination [
+
]. Seventy-second session (18 February–7
March 2008), Seventy-third session (28 July-15 August 2008), Generally
Assembly Official Records, Sixty-third session, Supplement No. 18
(A/63/18). URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/496485482.html.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Criminal Justice Assessment
Toolkit [)
]. New
York, 2006.
United States Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. The
Challenges to Minority Communities in Kosovo [)
!
+
], Hearing, Washington D. C., 2008. URL:
http://www.csce.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=ContentRecords.ViewTrans
cript&ContentRecord_id=427&ContentType=H,B&ContentRecordType=
H&CFID=18849146&CFTOKEN=53.
Valles, Lola. Education Programs on Diversity and Minority Issues, Including
Roma Issues, for Police Services in Catalonia (Spain) [)
+
((
)
!
,
].
Presentation at the International Workshop on relations between police
and Roma/Travellers, Derbyshire, 27-28 November 2006. – In: OSCE
ODIHR Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue,
Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents
to Support Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma & Sinti
[)
:c
.
$
)
#$
], pp. 288-292. URL:
http://www.europeandialogue.org/ED_PAGES/programmes_roma_polic
e_more.html.
150
VI.
$
$
1:
,
$
" %
-
,
!
$#$ / #$
–
!
$
)
/
:
,
.)
-
CSCE. Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human
Dimension of the CSCE ['
+
+ &
$#$ ], +
, 1990;
CSCE. Helsinki Document 1992. The Challenges of Change [0
1992
."
], 0
, 1992;
OSCE. Istanbul Summit Declaration 1999. Istanbul Document ['
$
!
1999
.$
],
$
,1999;
OSCE. Charter for European Security [0
],
$
, 1999;
OSCE. Decision No. 3/03, Action Plan on Improving the Situation of Roma and Sinti
within the OSCE Area [)
!
#$ ], MC.DEC/3/03, 4
, 2003;
OSCE. Cordoba Declaration by the Chairman-in-Office [+
#$ ], FINAL CIO.GAL/76/05/Rev.2, +
, 2005;
OSCE. Decision No. 10/05, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination: Promoting Mutual
Respect and Understanding [5
:
], MC.DEC/10/05, ;
, 2005;
OSCE. Decision No. 13/06, Combating Intolerance and Discrimination and Promoting
Mutual Respect and Understanding [#
], MC.DEC/13/06, #
, 2006;
OSCE. Decision No. 10/07, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination: Promoting Mutual
Respect and Understanding [5
:
], MC.DEC/10/07, 4
, 2007;
OSCE. Decision No. 6/08, Enhancing OSCE Efforts to Implement the Action Plan on
Improving the Situation of Roma and Sinti within the OSCE Area [)
!
/&&
#$
!
#$ ], MC.DEC/6/08, 0
, 2008.
"
!
" 1993
1
"+24
$#$ » (Roma (Gypsies) in the CSCE Region),
&
!
.)
/
#$
-
«, "+24
(
)
-
151
,
7
.
!
#$ ,
,
!
" 2000 . 1
"+24
«
#$ » (Report on the Situation of Roma and Sinti in the OSCE Area),
,
!
" 2006 . 1
«-
"+24
on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies),
,
.
,
&
,
,
&
.
)
/
,1
"+24
-
!
,
,
/
,
,
.
(+3-$)
#'()*
"
» (Recommendations
!
!
+
.
)
2003
«)
:
(Police and Roma:
#$
+3-$ #'()*
Towards Safety for Multi-Ethnic Communities). )
,
,
+3-$
(European Dialogue)
-
:
«
. )
;
»
#$
-
&
)
»
!
«
!
;
«)
:c
» (Resource Manual on Policing and Roma),
!
.
;
!
,
" 2008 . +3-$ #'()*
«"
)
!
#$ » (Status Report on the
Implementation of the Action Plan on Improving the Situation of Roma and Sinti within
the OSCE Area),
!
,
.
" 2007-2009 . #'()*
–
"
152
.
#$ , "+24
-
$")',
/
/
/
.)
,
#'()*
!
:
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights; High Commissioner in
National Minorities. Assessment of the Human Rights Situation of Roma and Sinti in
Italy. Report of a fact-finding mission to Milan, Naples and Rome on 20–26 July 2008
[%
(
.
4
, 2
20-26
2008
];
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Field Visit on Police and
Roma Relations, Romania, 12-15 November 2007 [!
., 12-15
2007
], " !
,
2008;
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Report on the Field
Assessment Visit to Hungary, 25th June-3rd July 2009 [
"
25
–3
2009
], " !
, 2010
(
).
#'()*
" 2009
.
)
«.
:
/
»,
-
,
!
,
2005
,
«)
» (Law Enforcement Officer Programme on Combating Hate
:
Crimes),
-
,
&
;
-
,
,
,
&
;
-
/&&
&
)
,
/
/
#'()*
&
,
&
;
-
,
,
.
."
.(
#'()*
(ODIHR Toolbox for Combating Hate Crime)
,
( &
(5%2'($),
!
!
, 2)
,
-
.
153
( $")')
" 2006
$")'
/
,
,
2006 .
–
«2
«2
»
–
!
,
!
!
!
)
«2008-
»,
!
!
»,
.
$")'
#$
,
-"
>
+
#$
&
). " 2007 .
$")'
)
(
$
,
-
/
,
.
$")'
. "
$
.
4
-"
">
#$
,
+
$
$
)
#$ ,
,
&
;
,
,
!
!
;
&
!
,
!
.
,
;
;
-
.8
:
-
,
+
&
.
!
;
,
/
%
2
&
."
!
:
United Nations General Assembly, Res. 2106(XX), International Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination [4
&
] (1965);
United Nations General Assembly, Res. 2200 A(XXI), International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights [4
]
(1966);
154
.
United Nations General Assembly, Res. 2200A (XXI), International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [4
/
,
] (1966);
United Nations General Assembly, Res. A/Res/34/180, Convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [+
&
!
] (1979);
United Nations General Assembly, Res. A/Res/39/46, Convention against Torture and
other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment [+
,
] (1984);
UN Doc. A/CONF/611, Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
[4
] (1955);
Res. A/Res/34/169, Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials [+
] (1979);
Res. A/Res/40/34, Declaration on Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and
Abuse of Power ['
] (1985);
Res. A/Res/43/173, Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any
Form of Detention or Imprisonment [$
,
&
]
(1988);
Res. A/Res/44/25, Convention on the Rights of the Child [+
], (1989);
Res. A/Res/45/107, International Co-operation for Crime Prevention and Criminal
Justice in the Context of Development [4
]
(1990);
Res. A/Res/45/113, Guidelines for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty
[)
7
2
,
!
, !
] (1990);
Res. A/Res 47/135, Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or
Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities ['
,
/
,
!
] (1993);
Res. A/Res/48/134, National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human
Rights [2
,
!
] (1993).
)
/
,
2006 . $
4
(Res.
A/HRC/1/L.2, International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced
Disappearance).
+
+
2
+
$
,
,
/
,
!
,
,
&
,
&
,
!
,
,
/
,
!
.
,
,
155
)
,1
/
"
.
%
1993 .
"
)
,
.
2001 . +
«
"
"
-
».
/
,
,
+
+
,
,
&
,
/
!
)
,
/
.
«)
$
»
.
!
( +-2)
. +-2
!
:
ECRI General Policy Recommendation No. 3 on Combating Racism and Intolerance
against Roma/Gypsies [
93 «#
!
(
)»], CRI(98)29 rev.;
ECRI General Policy Recommendation No. 11 on Combating Racism and Racial
Discrimination in Policing [
911 «#
»].
,
( +)*). "
,
+
-
!
!
/&&
!
:
Nachova and others v. Bulgaria («2
#
»), No.
43577/98, Information Note No. 28 on the case-law of the Court (
2001
.);
Secic v. Croatia («$
0
»), No. 40116/02, Information
Note No. 97 on the case-law of the Court (
2007 .);
Cobzaru v. Romania («+
»), No. 48254/99,
Information Note No. 99 on the case-law of the Court (
2007 .).
+
!
.
156
( $)*)
( +)))
,
,
/
%
+
(% ))
. " 2009 .
)
!
(EU-MIDIS)
«.'
&
» (The Roma. Data
in Focus Report, European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS)).
%
$
,
&
.
- $
&
!
, 2)
,
/
)
4
Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch
&
0
.
2
0
,
&
-
.
«
)
«)
"
,
»
+3-$ #'()*
+3-$ #'()*
:
,
!
Manual on Policing and Roma [)
].
:c
( 3)3)
».
Resource
,
&
!
!
.
–
(Fraternal Association of European Roma Law Enforcement Officers –
FAERLEO),
,
,
.%
,
,
,
!
.
#
$:%
on Ethnic Relations)
&
!
"
.
«)
/
!
» (Project
3
157
2:
$
'
:
'
-
" %
0
,
" %212
'
-
$
#$
,
)
a)
b)
#$ . $
212
158
-
:
;
#$ ;
c)
d)
!
;
,
.
6
!
“Policing in a Democratic
Society: Is your Police Service a Human Rights Champion?” [)
:
!
?],
2000 . 4
%
$
«)
». 5
- !
,
/
+3-$ #'()* 2004-2006 .
- + 4 2'%3(=
1. )
)- " - *2A B
" )- $
–
,
2)
–
(a) 1
/
!
6%+5(* $+(B
4%5 -(%;
?
2)
(b) "
!
?
.
(-
30)
(c)
?
(d) "
/
!
?
(e) "
!
?
(f) $
?
159
- + 4 2'%3(=
2. /
–
,
,
)- " - *2A B
" )- $
))
!
–
(b) )
&
,
.
(-
?
2)
,
,
!
31)
?
(c) )
,
!
?
(d) )
!
,
?
!
(e) (
/
,
?
(f) )
!
2)
160
6%+5(* $+(B
4%5 -(%;
?
- + 4 2'%3(=
)- " - *2A B
" )- $
3. -
6%+5(* $+(B
4%5 -(%;
(a) )
!
!
.
(-
26)
?
(b) !
?
(c) )
2)
?
/
(d) )
/&&
?
/
161
- + 4 2'%3(=
4. -
)- " - *2A B
" )- $
,
: 1)
(a) )
!
!
!
,
?
!
;
2)
.
(-
28)
(b) ,
!
/
!
!
(c) -
!
?
(d) !
?
162
?
6%+5(* $+(B
4%5 -(%;
- + 4 2'%3(=
5. &
)- " - *2A B
" )- $
(a) #
,
&
,
?
.
(-
6%+5(* $+(B
4%5 -(%;
(b) -
7
/
27)
?
'
/
?
(c)
?
)
?
(d) )
?
163
- + 4 2'%3(=
6. -
)- " - *2A B
" )- $
6%+5(* $+(B
4%5 -(%;
(a) $
,
,
/&&
.
(-
!
29)
?
/
(b)
,
?
(c)
&
!
?
(d) )
?
(e) 4
/&&
164
?
- + 4 2'%3(=
7. )
)- " - *2A B
" )- $
6%+5(* $+(B
4%5 -(%;
(a) 1
?
(b) #
,
!
–
.
(-
32)
/
?
(c)
?
(d) 8&&
/
?
165
$
3:
)
0%- 1 /1 &1 2%/3%
$
&
213
4
'
/
(
,
-
?
+
'
)
!
/
(
,
-
)
+
?
"
-
'
,
/
,
,
?
"
,
)
(
!
(
)
,
,
?
)
,
!
&
?
"
&
!
$
?
;
(
);
;
&
213
166
( &
: Oakley/Slater/Taylor,
!
Taylor)
!
,
.
.,
.
44, . 49-50. 8
#
!
;
,
:
.
!
,
,
+
5
(Chris
&
"
'
,
? (( &
,
!
,
,
)
&
,
/
"
,
-
?
,
,
,
).
,
,
,
"
. .?
,
,
?
"
?
!
,
"
$
+
#
5
)
'
)
,
?
!
/
?
1
!
+)*
?
167
4: "
6 )
$
,
:
:
"
:
:
:
:
2
:
8
:
:
:
:
' C
'
&
2
C
-
:
2
:
(
' C
:
!
:
!
!
?
' C
2 C
:
:
:
,
!
:
:
:
&
C
C
:
,
5
;
<
4
'
)
2
' C
3
C
.
:
2
C
4
:
:
%
:
' C
2
C
:
"
:
Ayuntamiento de FUENLABRADA
'
168
:
$
(
:
:
:
%
:
:
:
(
4
9
4
2
)
'
2
4
"
$
:
"
:
:
.
)
'
9000000
'
:
4
6
(
,
$
(3
(
9
)
&
:
&
,,
AGIS
,
)
1/1992 (
20.1)
.
7
&
,
;
,
(
,
.+
/
»
"
!
,
,
13
5
.
.8
www.ayto-
!
-
$ AGIS
.
)
&
,
AGIS
,,
,
$
&
–
2/1986
/
6 /
#
7
&
fuenlabrada.es,
! ,
,
.
)
,
,
«$
,
,
,
«
» 15/1999
,
$
,
6 /
,
&
GESPOL,
13
.
,
,
.
: Constitucion Square 91 de Fuenlabrada;
."
,
,
!
.
169
170
.
1
!
.
.
2
3
–C
1
$#( 3,
1, (
'
! $0#2, #
, 2,
$#( 3,
2, (
,
#
#
,
2006 .
4
' !
#
!
5
' !
#
! $0#2, #
2008 .
$
.,
!
2
,#
2008 . (3
!
).
8
4
(
.
9
,
!
$#( 3,
!
! $0#2,
2008 .
,
,#
4 -(
7, (
,
)
;
http://polis.osce.org/library
8,
!
!
)
9, (
,
!
:
!
5, (
!
$#( 3,
2
,#
!
2009 . (3
!
!
).
!.
$#( 3,
8
,
!
!
-(
,!
2008 .
!
,
'
–C
1
$#( 3,
!
6, (
$#( 3,
.
4, (
–
6
7
)
#
'
!
.
!
–C
1
$#( 3,
!
,#
!
2007 . (3
!
!
).
!
.
,#
,
.$
,
3, (
$#( 3,
.
2008 .
)
!
.
!
,
2010 .
$")' (spmu@osce.org)
( &
$
], #
!
() ;($) –
171