ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III) ɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɝɭɦɭɫɨ-

ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III) ɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɝɭɦɭɫɨɷɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ (0–24 ɫɦ) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ SiO2 ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 73,5%, ɚ
Ⱥl2Ɉ3 ɢ Fɟ2Ɉ3 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 6,90% ɢ 4,1%. ɋ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ SiO2
ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɨ 82,2%, ɚ Ⱥl2Ɉ3 ɢ Fɟ2Ɉ3 ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɨɫɶ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɨ 6,4 ɢ 4,0%. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɤɢɫɥɵɟ. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 5,6. ɗɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɋɚɈ (0,5–0,8%), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɆgɈ (1,2–1,8%). Ɉɤɫɢɞɵ ɤɚɥɢɹ (Ʉ2Ɉ) ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
(Ɋ2Ɉ5) ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0,9-1,2% ɢ 0,6–0,2% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ: ɚɡɨɬɚ – 82,0 ɦɝ / ɤɝ, ɤɚɥɢɹ –
62,0 ɦɝ/ɤɝ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ – 124,0 ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ȼ ɧɚɲɢɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (B, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn), ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɛɭɪɨ-ɩɨɞɡɨɥɢɫɬɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɝɥɟɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ
ɉɪɢɤɚɪɩɚɬɶɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɠɟɜɟɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ.
ɉɈɑȼȿɇɇɕȿ ȼɈȾɈɊɈɋɅɂ ɈɄɍɅɖɌɍɊȿɇɇɈɃ
ȾȿɊɇɈȼɈ-ɉɈȾɁɈɅɂɋɌɈɃ ɉȿɋɑȺɇɈɃ ɉɈɑȼɕ
ɉɈȾ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿɆ ɌɈɊɎɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɁȿɆɅȿȼȺɇɂə
ȿ.ȿ. Ƚɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ
Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ,
gaevski@rambler.ru
ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɢɩ
ɩɨɱɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɬɵ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ
ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ȼɨɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ – ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɨɬɨɬɪɨɮɧɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɸ. ɂɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɛɢɨɝɟɨɰɟɧɨɡɨɜ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ, ɠɢɜɭɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɟɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹ
ɩɨɱɜ (Ⱦɨɦɪɚɱɟɜɚ, 1974, ɒɬɢɧɚ, Ƚɨɥɥɟɪɛɚɯ, 1976, Ʉɚɛɢɪɨɜ, 2007).
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Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵ.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɬɨɪɮɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɥɶɝɨɮɥɨɪɭ ɧɢɡɤɨɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ. Ⱥɥɶɝɨɮɥɨɪɚ ɩɨɱɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɞɟɪɧɨɜɨ-ɩɨɞɡɨɥɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɬɨɪɮɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ 2006 ɝ. ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ «ɉɆɄ-16
ȺȽɊɈ» ɨɤɨɥɨ ɚɝɪɨɝɨɪɨɞɤɚ ɉɟɪɟɫɚɞɵ Ȼɨɪɢɫɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪ-ɧɚ Ɇɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ.
ɧɚ ɞɟɪɧɨɜɨ-ɩɨɞɡɨɥɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɚ 5 ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ: ɧɚ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɟ ɞɟɥɹɧɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ 50 ɦ2 ɜ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ 100, 200, 300
ɢ 400 ɬ/ɝɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɨɪɮɨɧɚɜɨɡɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 200 ɬ/ɝɚ ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɜɨɡɚ ɢ ɬɨɪɮɚ 1:1. ɇɚ ɲɟɫɬɨɣ-ɫɟɞɶɦɨɣ ɝɨɞ (2011-2012 ɝɝ.)
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɛɨɛɨɜɨɡɥɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɚɜɵ (ɤɥɟɜɟɪ ɥɭɝɨɜɨɣ, ɬɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɤɚ ɥɭɝɨɜɚɹ, ɟɠɚ ɫɛɨɪɧɚɹ). ɇɚ
ɜɨɫɶɦɨɣ ɝɨɞ (2013 ɝ.) ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɜɟɫ.
Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ ɢ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ 2011-2013 ɝɝ. ɩɨ
ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ. ȼɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɚɦɢ
ɨɛɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɝɚɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. Ɍɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɭ Ɍ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɯɟɟɜɨɣ (1999).
Ȼɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ 42 ɜɢɞɚ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ
ɲɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɦ: Cyanophyta – 17 ɜɢɞɨɜ (40,5%), Bacillariophyta – 5 (11,9%),
Xanthophyta – 4 (9,5%), Euglenophyta – 1 (2,4%), Chlorophyta - 14 (33,3%) ɢ
Rhodophyta – 1 ɜɢɞ (2,4%). ɋɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡ 10 ɪɨɞɨɜ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ 7 ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚɦ, 3 ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɦ
ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ Chroococcophyceae (11,8 %) ɢ Hormogoniophyceae (88,2 %).
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ Oscillatoriales ɢ Nostocales (7
ɢ 8 ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ). ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ 4
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɦ, 6 ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ 8 ɪɨɞɚɦ; ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɜɢɞɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ Ulothrichales (10 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ).
ȼ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ
ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɷɞɚɮɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ȼ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɷɤɨɛɢɨɦɨɪɮ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɇ-ɮɨɪɦɵ – 13 ɜɢɞɨɜ (30,1 %). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɨ ɭɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ Ɋ-ɮɨɪɦɵ – 7 ɜɢɞɨɜ (16,7 %) ɢ Ch-ɮɨɪɦɵ – 5 ɜɢɞɨɜ
(11,9 %). ȿɞɢɧɢɱɧɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɢɞɵ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɋ- ɢ N-ɮɨɪɦɚɦ.
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