Document 2393816
advertisement
, 2, N 3, 2000
-
. . ! " #. %. %. &' ( (
)
. -
, 4- !" (14 26 29 36 .*.) \" \" .. . / 0
*
.. -1 4( 13 = ;13,4;14,3o/oo) 0
. 4 , 10 0 . 5 0 \1" / , 1 . 2S, H2 . 013 . (
;30o/oo)
1 ( 13 ;11o/oo) . 7 0, H2S 2, * 1 0 4 .
{ , ! ! " " . % &Arnold and Sheppard, 1981* Styrt et al., 1981], ! -
(-./) , ! : (1) ( 34 S=0,0 / ) (2) , ( 34 SSO4 =20 / ). 6
, ! , o
o
c 2000
oo
oo
.
N RJE00049.
25 2001.
URL: http://eos.wdcb.ru/rjes/v03/RJE00049/RJE00049.htm
!! !!! -! ,
! -
, ! &, , 1991* ., 1991].
7 , 34S 8!! , !! \" \" .
;
, !! (
, ), \" " ! &, 1998].
-./
, --<
(-</) , . ! -.,
-.2 -=4 , (>CO2
327
1
60
20
E .
(29 .'.)
":(
(14 450 .'.)
0 (36 .'.)
-!/
MORB,
1 !/
H2 S,
#
H2 S, /oo
o
34 S-
H2 , # 4 , #
13 4 o /oo
2 , #
2,33
2,5
12600
130003
2,22,8
2,43,1
22003
2310
;13,4
;13,8;14,3
1 ( 0 3,56,71 674 152{3701 124{1471
;14,6 2,93,41
( ( 0
#"#: 0
# 0
9,31,72 ;1,52,6 4261026 65130 ;16,0;18,0
"!, !-/, "+
+!,+ - ./ -#,
, #
(II .)
(,
+!,+ , #
(I.)
% 1/,
% ! 7
:(3; + 0
( - (
- /
2!31
$%: &1 Charlou et al., 1996( 2 James et al., 1994( 3 Donval et al., 1997( 4 Gemmel and Sharpe, 1998].
60
6 -
.
1 " "1 !,
#! 0
103 ! #/
++, - ./0 ( / "! 1 ( 2!314 (/4 "1 #!/4 . !0 5
=
(26 .'.)
0 Table 1.
2 /4
;41
;4,3
5,9
5,4
6,67,9
;5,61 1,22,5
13 2 o /oo
328
: 329
: = -.2 + =-.23; ) (
-
) .
B
! D ( D=100 / ) 13---=4 ( 13;15 0 ;23,9 / , &Chrlou and Donval, 1993]) ! , ! -./ F {G , .. ! (G400 -) -.:
o
o
oo
oo
nCO + (2n + 1)H2 ! Cn H2n+2 + nH2 O
2nCO + (n + 1)H2 ! Cn H2n+2 + nCO2 :
J ! , ! MORB , (I ) & ., 1997].
J 1997 . (II ), ,
, & ., 1997]. N -=4 (2000 ) -</ 12 . . 36 . . &Bougault et al., 1998].
; -=4 (27{301 Q/)
!!! . = , ! ,
-=4 2200 Q/ &Donval
et al, 1997], .. 1{2 !
-=4 ! I .
; ! -</ "
-=4 14 450 . . (T
) 36 . . (6), !
!, -=4 %J , , ! !. N ! &
., 1999* ., 1997].
U ! { ! , ! , !! , 4- V
--<
.
. 1.
-</ 14 450, 26 29 36 . . -</ (. 1,
. 1).
. ; , G<V, ! ! 34S &
., 1991, 1993]. J 1994 . V.< \Q-1" \Q-2" ! ! G<V (. 2
).
W
! 34S 2,2 11,2 / :
! , G<V, , 1995 . &Gemmell and
Sharpe, 1998]. J " 103 . -!! 34 S 7,2 / ! 0,35 10,27 / :
<
! , ! ! G<V o
oo
o
oo
o
oo
330
: V
34S -</: { G<V ( & ., 1992* ., 1991, 1993] !)*
{ X - ( &Duckworth et al., 1995] !)* { T
( & ., 1997])* { 6 (
! ).
. 2.
. 7! 8!! ! ! ! , ! (, .), !!!
"
. - , , , , !! ! !
.
G
, ! G<V.
. ;
(. 2) =2 S 2- ! (
. 1). G
! -
-
.
Q
! ! .
! !! X
- , (chimneys). ;
- , ! , ! 1 / . ; - !, , =2S
-
, ! .
X ! 34S !! !
!! - ; &Kase et al., 1990]. ! ! I -! , - { (. 2).
o
oo
!". V
! T
! 1998 . 41
=- \<
Q
W ". B
! 34 S H2S (
. 1) 2,2 2,8 / , .. o
oo
: 331
:
!! { !, ! { -
-
! (
!) !! { (?)--
(+ )- Fe-
!.
B
! 34S ! 0,5 12,2 / . =
{ (1{3 ) { ! 34S
! 34S 0,5 0,6 /
(. 2).
B
! 34S ! ! 6 !! 2,4 3,1 / (
. 1). - , V.< \Q-1", 6, T
, ! (G = 220{360) . N !! , !,
T
, " .
<
, 34 S c (0,312,2 / ) 34S &Krouse and Grinenko,
1991]. - ! " . ! 3,5 / , 6 1998 1999 ., 41, 42 =- \<
Q
W- -</ 4 / :
". 6 H2 S (
). 6 ! ! Fe, Cu, Zn, . 6 . J J! H2 S { - (S , , . ; - ) !!! ! - .J { .
Zn ! 30%, J Cu8%, Fe18%, S20%, Co0,4%. J { Zn1,6%, Cu22%, Fe45%, S22%, !!! Co0,9%. - - .
, - , 1,3% -, - H2 S !! , ( : , 18% Fe), . J (
!, ) !{
34S , 34S 7,6 / (. 2). Q
- . &1997]. ! ! . < ! ! \ ! : , ! , ! ! , , ! , ! ! -!
".
=
" .
&1997] 8!! ! . J 34S -
, - ! ! .
, (
!) - ( 34 S = 2,2{2,8 / , . 1)
! ! , ! ( 34S = 3,4 / , . 2),
-! ! !, , ! .
o
oo
o
o
o
oo
o
o
oo
oo
o
oo
o
o
oo
oo
oo
oo
332
: 2.
-</
!
V
]
G<V
Rimicaris exoculata
X -
T
Rimicaris exoculata
Bathymodiolus sp.
6
Rimicaris exoculata
Bathymodiolus sp.
T
-
Bathymodiolus sp.
&Van
G
! G !
!
!
!
!
!+
!
!:
! !
Dover et al., 1996].
&
., 1988* Vetter and Fry, 1998].
J ! -</ 34S = ;0,7
+3,7 / (
. 2). N , -, H2S , -, ! - o
oo
S, /
2,63,4
;0,72,1
2,42,7
2,93,1
2,32,6
2,73,4
3,70,5
34
oo
! .
- , , !, .. .
N ! -
V
! -=4 /-2=6 + -3=8 13---=4 ! : 1) , 2) , 3) , 4) , 5) , 6
{6) : 6
{ , 6 { ( &Horita and Berndt, 1999] !).
. 3.
o
333
: 3.
B
! 13---
-./
6! W
! ^B G , Q
T
G . .
!
/
F
, V
W
, <
G<V
X -
T
6
-
! ! ! !! , , !
-
! ! (+ + ) ! (!! )
! -
! + , !! , !! , !! + + , ! + , + (, ) 13
-, /
o
oo
;21 8 ;25 4
;23 6
;24 8 ;25 6
;25 2
;25,0
;22 0 ;26 9
;24 6
;26,1;26,3
;22,6;23,8
;24,4
;26,5;27,8
;22,7;23,3
;21,3
;22,8
;24,7
;21,1
;22,1
;28,6
;26,3
;22,8
;21,1
;24,8
;23,1
;27,2
;26,5
;23,0
;24,5
;27,9
;30,2
;26,3
; ;21,1;30,2
- ;24,7
334
: -
(
2310 Q (
. 1). Q
) -=4 , ! =2/-=4 ,
6
! ! X -.
J, "
!
W
! 13-, /
( -
) J 30 .
J " -=4 =
, V.<
, \Q-1" \Q-2"
( 13---=4 = ;18,0 / , . 1).
; " ! =2 ! ; \
",
! .
J G<V,
;23,9
, =2 /-=4 ;25,6
=2 -=4 ,
-
;25,9
, ;22,6
, ;25,8
, , X -,
-=4 ( 13---=4 =
J ;14,6 / , . 1).
J T
6
1700 ;27,0
=2 /-=4 ! 5,4 1783 ;27,3
5,9,
1897 ;26,5
" 1950 ;25,2
1950 ;24,9
=
. W
2
2092 ;25,6
,
T
2000 ;24,8
6,
1932 ;25,1
,
!
1988 ;25,8
:
2025 ;26,6
2064 ;26,3
6&(Mg1 5Fe0 5)SiO4 + 7H2 O = 3&Mg3Si2O5 (OH)4 ] +
2212 ;25,6
2080 ;27,1
2102 ;26,7
Fe2 O3 + H2 2133 ;27,5
2162 ;26,2
-=4 2226 ;26,2
2057 ;26,3
*
2134 ;26,0
2167 ;25,1
-.2 + 4=2 ! -=4 + 2=2. :
2199 ;25,7
2257 ;27,4
% ( 13---=4 = ;13,4;14,3 / ) -.2 , ( 13 --.2 = 1;4,3 / ), 6 ! ! ! 1{10 / - 1{5 / , .. , ! - (
. 1, . 3). - , " 8!!! , .J, Ni{Fe .
&Horita and Berndt, 1999].
%' . -
, %&. W
! -=4 ! 13- ;21,4 ;27,9 / (
. 3),
! -</ !! 65 !! ;24,7 / . 6
4.
o
oo
o
o
oo
oo
o
o
oo
o
o
oo
o
o
oo
oo
oo
oo
: 5.
! -</
335
B
! 13- 6
G<V
W
G " Rimicaris exoculata
X - G " Rimicaris exoculata
T
X
! 6
X
! - ;
X
! -
.
;
! !
! -=4 %J . ., , !
-
, , ! 2- 1% . -
-
! !
<0,5%, 0,05{0,1%. J !, ! 3700 (G<V) -
1{2% &
., 1998]. B
! 13 --
(;21,0;23,0 / )
! 13---
. ;
!,
! -
! !
, , . X
-
, .J !, ! . G
,
13---
- !!
;22,6 ;27,5 / (
. 4), ! 13 --
\" , , -!
:
:
:
o
:
o
oo
oo
---
/
;11,2;13,5
T
&Rieley et al., 1996]
;8,6;13,5
&
., 1997]
;16,0;17,2
7
! ;14,2;16,6
7
! ;17,8;22,0
&Polz et al., 1998]
13
o
oo
(
. 5, 13- = ;8,6;22,0 / ). T (
. 4) .J -.2 , . \X" , ,
! ! -.2 ! " . 7! ! " 2- -
.
J . -
,
! !! , ! ! .
.
! "- " . ! !
, , ! (
13 -
=
;11,0 / ), (
13-
= ;30,0 / ) -</ (
. 6).
-
(),
-</, !! ;19,0 ;23,0 / (
. 7). B
! 13- -"
Rimicaris exoculata, -</, !! ;12,0 ;13,0 / &Rieley et al., 1996]. B
!
13- o
o
oo
o
o
oo
oo
o
oo
oo
336
: , -</
6.
]
6
13---
/
W
Rimicaris exoculata G<V, - ; ;8,5;15,1
o
Rimicaris exoculata T
Rimicaris exoculata 6
Rimicaris exoculata - ;
Rimicaris exoculata X -
7
Caliptogena sp.
T
Q
Bathymodiolus sp. T
Bathymodiolus sp. T
-
*
: N,
-
,
-
! C
oo
T
;13,9;14,4
10,9;11,6
;9,5;11,3
;9,9;13,8
&
., 1989* ., 1992*
Van Dover, 1995]
7
! 7
! &Polz et al., 1998]
&
., 1997* Vereshchaka et al., 2000]
;34,5;36,1
7
! ;20,3;29,0
7
! &Trusk and Van Dover, 1999]
;3037
;15,0;24
;24,0
" ;11,0 !, , %J.
; - /
-
- !
, X - , ! - T
-
, 8!! 13- ,
-
-</. -
, , , -
-
T
-
;11,4 / (
. 7).
o
oo
7. -</
W
! - G<V
C X - G<V
X
" Rimicaris exoculata, G<V
Rimicaris exoculata
- - -
/
;19,0;23,0
;19,2;23,4
;12,0;13,0
T
&Rieley et al., 1996]
&
., 1991]
&Rieley et al., 1996]
;11,0;11,4
&Pond et al., 1998]
13
o
oo
: 337
! -</. B
! 13 - 1{14: 1 { -
* 2 { -
6 (
- )* 3 { -
\ " ! 6 (
- )* 4 { -
(\") -
(
. 3)* 5 { (
. 5)* 6{7 : 6 { ;11 / , 7 { ;30 / * 8 { * 9 { ;11 / * 10 { G<V* 11 { 13---
(
) * 12 { (
"
) , ( 13- = ;28 / )* 13 {
-=4 ! (-
) * 14 { -.2 .
. 4.
o
o
oo
o
oo
oo
o
6, !
! & ., 1999* ., 1998*
., 1999]. J X - ! -
(-16 ; -19 , -25).
! !!
;24,7 ;31,2 / (
. 8). - 13-=;27,5 / :
G
, , , ! (. 4) o
o
oo
oo
oo
-
-
, !!! .
:
` , -=4 -</ . J ! G<V X - ! ! F {G 13-4 = ;14,6;18,0 / ). J o
oo
338
: 8.
! ( "
) -</
6!
6
W
! W
G
, \" W
W
W
G
, \" Q
! ! (Zn-Cu-Fe) G
! ! G
! ! , G
, G
, X -
T
! , , , Ni{Fe , ! -=4 , ! -=4 ( 13 - = ;13,4;14,3 / , . 1). =
-=4 , , -.2 ,
{ , , :
o
oo
-=4 + -.2 + 2=2 ! -2=5 .= + =2 . :
; .. V. -
&, , 1991] ! 1800106 32106 -=4 . 6
! ! =2 -=4 . G
, 1 3 ! 5105 =2 2,5105 -=4 &
., 1999]. b
" =2 -=4 =2 S ! , ! . .
!! " ! .J.
- ! !. N ! -
-, /
;31,2
;29,9
;29,8
;28,5
;26,8
;27,1
;24,7
;26,6
;25,7
;26,0
;25,0
13
o
oo
, ! -=4 ! ! ! &Charlou et al., 1998]. 7
, -=4 { ! ! . N
! ! -=4 ! , , " &
., 1989* .,
1993], ! , ! -=4 ! , ! ! ! ! . -
, , ! , -! -=4. ; ! =2 S, =2 ! ! 1% -
, ! , 50% -
, .
J -
, ! , -
, !
! . -
-
. = " ! ! 10% -
, " -
: 339
%J - . Q., =!: 6. G., %# ( . 6., ( ( . 6., ! . + ( ! " 4# -
! %J .
. !1 ( . 117 "# ( G . % \ #.! !1 ( - -"- "!/4 2!31 ( (" ! ":, K ! ": K": ./)",
GP% \ ( 0 " 3.2.7. GG 00-05-64082.
E "1 ( Q. ., +/ . %., (( . =. 1.,
; - # 2 # (, "1 #!/4 - (0, .: , 1.
. %. +/, . 172{190, , (, 1992.
E "1 ( Q. ., E ( . ., 6( . 6.
1., (/0 . (# 0 #!-3;0 #/: \:/ !;" "1 #! " . !,
14 450 .'., 1 -
!:0 4, , 39, (1), 68{90, 1997.
E "1 ( Q. ., "!(: . ., =(: . =. 1.,
% 1( 1/ " ! ": !1 (, "1 #! " . !, 0 (1 -
!:0 4),
!", 365, (5), 657{662. 1999.
=!: 6. G., . Q., ( ( . 6., ! ": " 4#: . +/ ( ( 1 0
!; . -! ( . 1( 1/4
"1 #, , (8), 1075{1088, 1989.
=: . 6., # 1#: # 1! #/4
"1 #!/4 #, ( 2. 1. :.. 1.".-#.., . 57, (, 1998.
=: . 6., . Q., U( !3+, 0 "1 #! 0 #/ - ./0 ( / !21 (, " !, 318, (2), 422{425, 1991.
#( . 6., E-/!( E. ., E ( . 6. 1.,
- ( ( 1 1 # . .-+
#0/4 ".- ( . 4 71
2, ! '
, 1, (6), 511{
519, 1999.
#(0 . ., . 6., E!3 . ., ( ( 6. 6., =1 #!/0 #4-# - (, "!( 1 1 ( ( 1 - :4 44,
( , (8), 4{16, 1997.
. Q., =!: 6. G., %(! ( =. ., %# ( . 6., E " 4#: . +/ ( 0 ( " "1 #! " . !, ( 2 ( 0 - =,
.: () - , 1.
+/ . %., . 113{146, , (, 1993.
. Q., =!: 6. G., = 6. . 1.,
!/0 ( " 4#, . 1 !/# ,# - . 1( 1/4 "1 #!/4
. , , (9), 1235{1248, 1988.
. Q., !, ( . 6., = 6. ., +/ . %., = 4#: !21/4
1 1 -
!: " 4 (26 .'.), , (3), 307{319, 1991.
# 2 ( " 4# , , (2),
252{268, 1993.
. Q., =! . 6., = . 6., !! Q. .,
%# ( . 6., !( . ., 1# ( ( . 6.,
! ! " 4# - ( . ;( 7( /4 ( " "1 #! " . !,
E ., !", 357, (3), 410{413, 1997.
. Q., =!; . ., !, ( . 6., 1#
( ( . 6., E #/ !21/4 1 (#/4 1(4 \:/4 !; (", !",
359, (4), 525{528, 1998.
%/. 6. ., . Q., E "1 ( Q. ., E ( . ., .1/ ( "1 #!/4 - (,4 (
0 14 450 .'. 29 .'. 5, +
, 39,
(2), 258{269, 1999.
%# ( . 6., ((:( . ., = . 6. 1., 2:, .+!-+, ( --!1 ( "1 #! # ;( =, . !", 323, (3),
776{781, 1992.
4 . =., ' ( . ., .
/)
'
, . 446, -1. =, (, 1991.
Arnold M. and Sheppard S. M. F., East PaciZc Rise at latitude 21 N: Isotopic composition and origin of the hydrothermal sulfur, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 56, (1),
149{156, 1981.
Bougault H., Aballea M., Radford-Knoery J. et al., FAMOUS and AMAR segments on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge:
Ubiquitous hydrothermaL Mn, CH4 , 3 He signals along
the rift valley walls and rift o`sets, Earth and Planet. Sci.
Lett., 161, 1{17, 1998.
Charlou J. L. and Donval J. P., Hydrothermal methane venting between 12 N and 26 N along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
J. Geophys. Res., 98, (B6), 9625{9642, 1993.
Charlou J. L., Fouquet Y., Bougault H. et al., Intense CH4
plumes generated by serpentinization of ultramaZc rocks
at the intersection of the 15 200 N fracture zone and the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 62,
(13), 2323{2333, 1998.
Donval J. P., Charlou J. L., Douville T. et al., High H2
and CH4 content in hydrothermal |uids from Rainbow
site newly sampled at 36 140 N on the Amar segment,
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Diving FLORES cruise, July 1997),
Comparison with other MAR sites, EOS TRANS, 78, F
832, 1997 (abstr.).
Duckworth R. C., Knott R. and Fallick A. E., Mineralogy
and sulphur isotope geochemistry of the Broken Spur sulphides, 29 N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Hydrothermal vents
and processes, London, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., (87),
175{190, 1995.
Gemmel J. B. and Sharpe R., Detailed sulfur isotope investigation of the TAG hydrothermal mound and stockwork
zone, 26 N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Proc. ODP. Sci. Results,
158, Herzig P. et al. (Eds.), 1998.
Horita J. and Berndt M. E., Abiogenic methane formation
and isotopic fractionation under hydrothermal conditions,
Science, 285, (5430), 1055{1058, 1999.
James R. H., ElderZeld H. and Palmer M. R., The chemistry
of hydrothermal |uids from the Broken Spur site, 29 N
340
: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Geochem. et Cosmohim. Acta, 59,
(4), 651{659, 1995.
Kase K., Yamamoto M. and Shibato T., Copper-rich sulZde
deposit near 23 N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: chemical composition, mineral chemistry, and sulfur isotops, Proc. ODP,
Leg 106/109, Sci. Results, 163{177, 1990.
Krouse H. R. and Grinenko V. A. (Eds), Stable isotopes
natural and antropogenic sulphur in the environment,
SCOPE 43, 440, 1991.
Polz M. F., Robinson J. J., Cavanaugh C. M. and Van
Dover C. L., Trophic ecology of massive shrimp aggregations at Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent site, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, (7), 1631{1638, 1998.
Pond D. W., Bell M. V., Dixon D. R. et. al., Stable-carbonisotope composition of fatty acids in hydrothermal vent
mussels containing methanotrophic and thiotrophic bacterial endosymbionts, Applied and Enviroumental Microbiolog., 64, 370{375, 1998.
Rieley G., Van Dover C. L., Hedrick D. and Eglinton G.,
Trophic ecology of Remicaris exoculata from TAG as revealed by relative abundance and isotopic composition of
individual fatty acids, Conference Abstracts, (1), 846{847,
1996.
Styrt M. M., Brockman A. J., Holland H. D. et al., The
mineralogy and the isotopic composition of sulfur in hy-
drothermal sulZde/sulfate deposit in the East PaciZc Rise,
21 N latitude, Earth and Panet. Sci. Lett., 53, (3), 382{
390, 1981.
Trusk J. H. and Van Dover C. L., Site-speciZc and ontogenetic variations in nutrition of mussels (Bathymodiolus sp.) from the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent Zeld,
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, (2), 334{343,
1999.
Van Dover C. L., Ecology of Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents, Hydrothermal vents and processes, 87, (Eds.
Parson L. M., Walker C. L., Dixon D. R.), pp. 257{294,
Geological Society Special Publication, 1995.
Van Dover C. L., Desbruyeres D., Segonzac M. et al., Biology
of the Lucky Strike hydrothermal Zeld, Deep-Sea Res. I,
43, (9), 1509{1529, 1996.
Vereshchaka A. L., Vinogradov G. M., Lein A. Yu. et al.,
Carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of the fauna
from the Broken Spur hydrothermal vent, Mar. Biol.,
136, (1), 11{17, 2000.
Vetter R. D. and Fry B., Sulfure contentes and sulfur isotope
compositions of theotrophic symbioses in bivalve mollusks
and vestimentiferan worms, Mar. Biol., 132, 453{460,
1998.
(;
16 !! 2000.)