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/ ./#(A '07#,( «D(<#7'#.#/(.,$0+ %#$%&'($)*+ * ?0'0:*,*:5»: «Principe cardinal qui gouverne l’exercice du commerce et de l’industrie, la liberte, on le sait,
peut etre pervertie par un usage abusive». – «K10/$-A ?'*$)*? ,#';#/1* * ?'#*:/#<.,/0 – ./#7#<0, %0% *:/(.,$#, 5#=(, 7-,2 *.%0=($ 6'(:5('$-5 &?#,'(71($*(5»20.
18
K,#!/ B., F,%*" F. C)"().)! 6",.). E.: E!O+*/,")+/0! )-/)8!/&5, 1993. B. 32.
Bhampalaune C. Le principe de la liberte du commerce et de l’industrie et de la libre concurrence. URL: http://www.courdecassation.fr/rapport/rapport01/etudes&doc/Champalaune.htm.
20
Burst J.J. Concurrence deloyale et parasitisme. Paris, 1993. P. 15.
19
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1978 ;;.) ?#$+,*( $(<#7'#.#/(.,$#A %#$%&'($)** $( //#<+,.
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Ripert G., Roblot R. Trate de droit commercial. Vol. 1. Paris, 2001. P. 590.
T,7=<,% S. T7!$% & /&J!-, %*"-&<,/)%. E., 1961. C. 10. B. 175.
@0=( ?#.1(<$*A $#'50,*/$-A 0%, %#<*E*)*'#/0$$#;# 90'0%,('0 – !#<(%. *$,(11(%,&012$#A .#7.,/($$#.,*, – ?'*$+,-A /# P'0$)** / 1992 ;., ,'0<*)*#$$# #7#3(1 /#?'#. 1(;012$#;# #?'(<(1($*+ ?#$+,*+ $(<#7'#.#/(.,$#A
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9,>" 3. 3)7= $*+!>/)' 6",%-&%& . ",<.&-&& 6",., // BBB3 – 9",/:&5: $):&)7)(&2!$%&!
& #!O+*/,")+/)-6",.).0! ,$6!%-0 $",./&-!7=/) 6",.).)() +!5/&5. E., 1987. B. 49.
24
H",O+,/$%&' %)+!%$ 9",/:&& 1804 (. E., 1941. B. 13.
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P,.&+ 3., K)RR"!-B6&/)<& I. S$/)./0! 6",.).0! $&$-!#0 $)."!#!//)$-&. E., 1996.
B. 110.
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)%").$%&' U.;. S$/)./0! 6")>7!#0 (",O+,/$%)() 6",.,. E.: B-,-*-, 1998. B. 278.
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H*".&2 E.;. F!%:&& 6) $).!-$%)#* (",O+,/$%)#* 6"):!$$*. E., 1950. B. 15.
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Vincent G., Guinchard S. Procedure civile. Paris, 1987. 3. 6.
9,>" 3. 3)7= $*+!>/)' 6",%-&%& . ",<.&-&& 6",., // BBB3 – 9",/:&5: $):&)7)(&2!$%&!
& #!O+*/,")+/)-6",.).0! ,$6!%-0 $",./&-!7=/) 6",.).)() +!5/&5. E., 1987. B. 49.
29
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XIX /. F0%, Pouillet / ./#(A '07#,( «Traite de marques de fabrique et de la concurrence deloyale» ?'(<10;0(, .1(<&8>(( #?'(<(1($*(: «…la concurrence
deloyale c’est l’acte pratique de mauvaise foi a l’effet de produire une confusion
entre les produits de deux fabricants, ou de deux commercants, ou qui, sans
produire de confusion, jette le discredit sur un etablissement rival». –
«…D(<#7'#.#/(.,$0+ %#$%&'($)*+ (.,2 0%, <&'$-9 50$(', ?'#*:/#<*5-A
. )(128 /-:/0,2 .5(3($*( 5(=<& ?'#<&%)*(A '0:$-9 ?'#*:/#<*,(1(A *1*
'0:$-9 %#55('.0$,#/, ?#<#7$#( .5(3($*( ?#<'-/0(, <#/('*(, <*.%'(<*,*'&(, ?'(<?'*+,*( .#?('$*%0»31.
D. Allart ?'*/#<*, <'&;#( #?'(<(1($*(: «…la concurrence deloyale est tout
agissement, toute manoeuvre ayant but de detourner la clientele d’un etablissement
industriel ou d’une maison de commerce». – «…$(<#7'#.#/(.,$0+ %#$%&'($)*+ – 4,# 509*$0)**, /.( <(A.,/*+ ?# #,/1(6($*8 (#,%1#$($*8) %1*($,&'#, ?'#5-31($$#;# ?'(<?'*+,*+, 0 ,0%=( #, ,#';#/#A E*'5-»32.
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?#<#7$-9 <(A.,/*A, .05* =( 5(,#<- $*%0% $( 90'0%,('*:&8,.+.
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?#$+,*(, #$# ?#-?'(=$(5& #.,0(,.+ #6($2 3*'#%*5. F0%, / %#11(%,*/$#A ?&71*%0)** «Hyperliens: statut juridique» 5- /.,'(60(5 .1(<&8>(( #?'(<(1($*(:
«La concurrence deloyale consiste dans l’utilisation de procedes contraires aux usages et habitudes professionnels, tendant a detournev la clientele d’un concurrent». –
«D(<#7'#.#/(.,$0+ %#$%&'($)*+ .#.,#*, / *.?#12:#/0$** .?#.#7#/, ?'#,*/#?#1#=$-9 ?'#E(..*#$012$-5 #7-60+5 * ?'0%,*%(, .,'(5+>*9.+ % ,#5&,
6,#7- #,%1#$*,2 %1*($,&'& %#$%&'($,0»33.
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'0:'07#,0$$#( .&<(7$#A ?'0%,*%#A, $&=<01#.2 / .,'&%,&'*'#/0$**. L $0%#?1($*(5 .&<(7$#A ?'0%,*%*, #7#7>($*(5 .&<(7$-9 ?'()(<($,#/ <#%,'*$0 /-'07#,010 ?('/-( /*<#/-( .*.,(50,*:0)** 0%,#/ $(<#7'#.#/(.,$#A %#$%&'($)**. ! %#$)& XIX /. /# E'0$)&:.%#A ?'0/#/#A 1*,('0,&'( $0*7#1(( 60.,#
30
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31
Pouillet E. Traite de marques de fabrique et de la concurrence deloyale. Paris, 1912. P. 559.
32
Allart H. Traite theorique et pratique de la concurrence deloyale. Paris, 1892. P. 3.
33
Hyperliens: statut juridique / Recommandation. URL: www.foruminternet.org./telechargement/
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/'(<0 / ;'0=<0$.%#5 ?'0/(. S,# ?#:/#1+(, $05 /.1(< :0 E'0$)&:.%*5* 0/,#'05* ?#/,#'*,2: «Le theorie francaise de la concurrence deloyale est donc issue
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39
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