Модуль 3."Daily Life". - Российский новый университет

РОССИЙСКИЙ НОВЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
00.0046.03.01
Рабочий учебник
Фамилия, имя, отчество студента
Факультет
Номер контракта
И.Н. МОРОЗ
О.А. ГОРБАЧЕВА
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
МОДУЛЬ 3
“DAILY LIFE”
МОСКВА
2005
1
И. Н. Мороз – кандидат педагогических наук
О.А. Горбачева – старший преподаватель кафедры иностранного языка
Рецензенты: Н.П. Миничева – кандидат филологических наук, доцент МГОУ
А.И. Чумаченко – декан факультета иностранных языков МЭЛИ
Рекомендовано
научно-методическим
советом РосНОУ
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Модуль1. “Hello! It’s me”.
Модуль 2. “The Place I live In”.
Модуль 3. “Daily Life”.
Модуль 4. “Leisure and Pleasure”.
Модуль 5. “On the Move”.
Модуль 6. “It’s a Small World”.
Модуль 7. “The body and the Soul”.
Модуль 8. “Shopping and Eating out”.
Модуль 9. “It’s a Fine Day, isn’n it?
Модуль 10-12. “English for Specific Purposes”.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
БАЗОВОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ МОДУЛЯ .................................................... 4
УСЛОВНЫЕ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ И СОКРАЩЕНИЯ ............................... 5
НАУЧНО-ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР
СОДЕРЖАНИЯ МОДУЛЯ ....................................................................... 6
1. Лексика .................................................................................................. 6
2. Грамматика ...........................................................................................
2.1. Система времен английского глагола. Настоящее время.
Общие сведения .............................................................................
2.2. Настоящее длительное время .......................................................
2.3. Настоящее совершенное время .....................................................
2.4. Настоящее совершенное длительное время .................................
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13
14
15
17
3. Лексика .................................................................................................. 32
4. Грамматика ...........................................................................................
4.1. Система времен английского глагола. Прошедше время.
Общие сведения .............................................................................
4.2. Прошедшее простое / неопределенное время ...............................
4.3. Прошедшее длительное время ......................................................
4.4. Прошедшее совершенное время ...................................................
4.5. Прошедшее совершенное длительное время ................................
42
42
43
44
46
47
КЛЮЧИ К ЗАДАНИЯМ .......................................................................... 67
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА ...................................................................... 93
МОДУЛЬ 3
ЛИТЕРАТУРА ........................................................................................... 96
В данном модуле вводится лексика по темам «Рабочий день»
и «Образование», «Моя учеба». Представлена система времен глагола
в действительном залоге настоящего и прошедшего времени. Проводится
анализ и сравнение разных групп.
Для студентов Российского нового университета
00.0046.03.01/(002)
© И.Н. Мороз, 2005
© О.А. Горбачева, 2005
© РосНОУ, 2005
БАЗОВОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ МОДУЛЯ
УСЛОВНЫЕ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ И СОКРАЩЕНИЯ
Лексика. «Рабочий день». «Образование. Моя учеба».
Грамматика. Система времен глагола в действительном залоге
настоящего времени. Система времен глагола в действительном
залоге прошедшего времени.
Am.- American – американский вариант
Br. – British – Британский вариант
A – adjective - прилагательное
Ad - adverb - наречие
N – noun - существительное
Pl – множественное число существительного
N-s – существительное во множественном числе (если оно
подчиняется общему правилу образования множественного числа)
N’s – существительное в единственном числе в притяжательном
падеже
N-s’- существительное во множественном числе в притяжательном
падеже
Nu - numeral - числительное
V – verb – глагол
V-s – форма 3-го лица единственного числа настоящего простого
времени
V-ed - форма прошедшего простого времени или причастия II
правильного глагола
V-ing – форма причастия I или герундия
V2 - форма прошедшего простого времени
V3 - форма причастия II
vs – versus – против
smb.- somebody – кто-либо
smth.- something – что-либо
Syn. - синоним
etc. – et cetera – и т.д.
4
5
НАУЧНО-ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР
СОДЕРЖАНИЯ МОДУЛЯ
1. ЛЕКСИКА
MY WORKING DAY
1) to wake (smb.) up – просыпаться, будить
I wake up at seven o’clock.
The alarm-clock wakes me up at seven o’clock.
2) to get up = to get out of bed – вставать (с постели)
3) to lie in bed – лежать, “валяться” в постели
4) (not) to be an early / a late riser – (не) быть “жаворонком” / “совой”
5) to do one’s morning exercises – делать зарядку
6) to take / have a cold / warm shower / bath – принимать холодный /
теплый душ / ванну
7) to have a shave – бриться
8) to have a wash – умываться, мыться
9) to clean / brush one’s teeth – чистить зубы
10) to wash one’s hair – мыть голову
11) to comb one’s hair – причесываться
12) to have breakfast / lunch / dinner / a snack – завтракать / обедать (в
середине дня) / обедать / перекусить
13) to make / cook / prepare breakfast / lunch / dinner – приготовить
завтрак / ланч / обед
14) to dress = to get dressed – одеваться, одеться
15) to leave home – уйти из дома
16) to get to work / university – прибыть на работу / в университет
17) It takes smb. some time to get to some place – кому-либо требуется
какое-то время, чтобы добраться до какого-либо места
It takes me twenty minutes to get to work. – Мне требуется / у меня
уходит двадцать минут, чтобы добраться до места работы.
18) a break – перерыв
to have a lunch / coffee /short break
19) to leave work / university – уйти с работы / из университета
20) to get home – добраться домой
21) to get / be (very) tired – устать
22) to stay in = to stay at home – остаться дома
23) to have a rest = to relax – отдохнуть
24) to go out – выйти (из дома, например, погулять)
25) to invite friends – пригласить друзей
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26) to visit = to call (on smb.) – заходить
Syn. to drop in on smb. / at smb.’s place
27) to go to bed – ложиться спать
28) to have a late / an early night = to go to bed very late / early – ложиться спать очень поздно / рано
29) to go to sleep = to fall asleep – заснуть
30) to oversleep – проспать
HOUSEWORK
31) to do the shopping = to go shopping – делать покупки, ходить по
магазинам
32) to clean the flat / the room – убирать квартиру /комнату
33) to keep the flat / the room tidy / clean – содержать квартиру /комнату в порядке / чистоте
34) to do the washing = to wash the clothes – стирать
35) to do the washing-up – мыть посуду
36) to do the ironing – гладить
37) to make one’s bed – застилать постель (утром), стелить постель
(вечером)
38) to hoover (the carpets) – пылесосить (ковры)
Syn. to vacuum
TIME PERIODS
39) a second – секунда
40) a minute – минута
41) a quarter of an hour – четверть часа
42) half an hour – полчаса
43) an hour – час
44) a day – день
45) a week – неделя
46) a fortnight – две недели
47) a month – месяц
48) a year – год
49) a decade – декада (десять лет или десять дней)
50) a century – век, столетие
DAYS OF THE WEEK
51) Monday – понедельник
52) Tuesday – вторник
53) Wednesday – среда
54) Thursday – четверг
55) Friday – пятница
56) Saturday – суббота
57) Sunday – воскресенье
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MONTHS OF THE YEAR
58) January – январь
59) February – февраль
60) March – март
61) April – апрель
62) May – май
63) June – июнь
64) July – июль
65) August – август
66) September – сентябрь
67) October – октябрь
68) November – ноябрь
69) December – декабрь
TIME
It is ten o’clock (sharp).
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It is five minutes to ten.
3
6
It is half past ten.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
предлог
70) at
71) on
It is five minutes past ten.
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значение
в
72) in
73) by
к какому-либо
моменту
74) until / till
до какого-либо
времени
75) for
в течение
76) since
с какого-либо
времени
77) during + N
во время чего-либо
(с сущ.)
78) while + V
во время чего-либо
(с гл.)
79) from … until / с … до …
till …
80) in
через какое-либо
время
81) before
до, перед
82) after
после
83) about
около
8
примеры
at 8 o’clock;
st
on Monday, on the 1 of June,
on the second day;
in May, in 1999, in the
morning, Но: at night;
by the end of the term
until summer
for two hours
since morning
during the winter
while he is speaking
from morning till night
in a week
before dinner
after the lessons
about three o’clock
Если минутная стрелка часов находится в первой половине циферблата (т.е. указывает на минуты от первой до двадцать девятой), употребляется предлог past (после), например:
It is twenty-five minutes past twelve. – Двадцать пять минут первого.
Если минутная стрелка часов находится во второй половине циферблата (т.е. указывает на минуты от тридцать первой до пятьдесят девятой),
употребляется предлог to (до), например:
It is twenty-five minutes to twelve. – Без двадцати пяти двенадцать.
Для того чтобы указать на время в первой или второй половине суток, т.е. десять часов утра или вечера, используются обозначения a.m. (ante
meridiem –лат. - до полудня, время с полуночи до полудня) или p.m. (post
meridiem – с полудня до полуночи):
My working day begins at nine a.m. and is over at six p.m.
Упражнение 1. Выберите перевод из предложенных вариантов:
1. перекусить
a) to have breakfast
b) to have lunch
c) to have a snack
d) to have dinner
2. умываться
a) to have a shave
b) to have a wash
c) to have a shower
d) to have a bath
3. уйти из дома
a) to leave home
b) to leave for home
c) to come home
d) to get home
4. стирать
a) to do the ironing
b) to do the shopping
c) to do the washing
d) to do the washing-up
5. принять душ
a) to get a shower
b) to do a shower
c) to take a shower
d) to make a shower
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6. проспать
a) to go to sleep
c) to have a late night
7. час
a) an hour
c) a break
8. готовить обед
a) to take dinner
c) to get dinner
9. остаться дома
a) to get in
c) to stay in
10. убирать квартиру
a) to clean the flat
c) to take the flat
b) to oversleep
d) to fall asleep
b) o’clock
d) a fortnight
b) to have dinner
d) to make dinner
6) It is difficult to get up early in the morning if you are ….
7) The work is very hard and I’m awfully ….
8) Jim usually leaves university at two ….
9) She is …, so it is not a problem for her to get up at six in the morning.
10) Who … breakfast for you in the morning?
Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски предлогами времени, данными
в рамке:
about, after, at, by, during, for, from, in, until, while
b) to take in
d) to make in
b) to get the flat
d) to wash the flat
Упражнение 2. Слову из первого столбика подберите определение
из второго столбика:
1) dress
a) period of two weeks
2) quarter
b) ask somebody to come to some place
3) call on
c) light and hurriedly eaten meal
4) till
d) continue sleeping after proper time for waking
5) hoover
e) make a short visit
6) oversleep
f) fourth part
7) snack
g) any of twelve parts of the year
8) fortnight
h) up to the time when
9) month
i) clean (carpets, etc.) with a vacuum cleaner
10) invite
j) put on clothes
The alarm clock wakes Jane …(1) seven o’clock. But she doesn’t get up
at once, she likes to lie in bed …(2) some time. Usually she gets out of bed …(3)
ten or fifteen minutes. Sometimes but not very often Jane does morning exercises.
…(4) that she takes a shower and gets dressed. …(5) she is having a shower her
mother cooks breakfast for the family. They discuss their plans for the day …(6)
the breakfast. Then everybody leaves home. There is nobody at home …(7) nine
a.m. …(8) five p.m. But …(9) six o’clock all members of the family are at home.
…(10) twelve they all go to sleep.
1) … is a period of time of sixty minutes.
2) Smoothing clothes is ….
3) The alarm clock … me up at seven o’clock.
4) At one p.m. we have an hour’s ….
5) When you have a late night you take a risk to … next morning.
Упражнение 5.
a) Переведите выражения из текста:
· to open the window to let the fresh morning air in;
· Sometimes, but not very often;
· If I am not short of time;
· She just doesn’t want;
· I make breakfast myself;
· to listen to the latest news;
· On my way to the university;
· fellow-students;
· we go on together talking about this and that;
· they don’t stay.
b) Прочитайте текст:
Andrew’s Daily Program
On weekdays the alarm-clock wakes me up at 7 sharp and my working
day begins. As I’m not an early riser it’s very difficult for me to get out of bed,
especially in winter. I like to lie in bed for some minutes. Then, if it is spring or
summer I open the window to let the fresh morning air in. Sometimes, but not
very often I switch on my tape-recorder or radio and do morning exercises. Then
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Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из рамки:
cooks, wakes, an hour, an early riser, ironing, lunch break, tired,
a late riser, o’clock, oversleep
I go to the bathroom where I turn on the hot and cold taps, take a warm shower,
clean my teeth, have a shave and comb my hair. After that I go to the bedroom,
make my bed and get dressed. If I am not short of time, I tidy up the room.
Usually my mother cooks breakfast for me. But when she is away or just
doesn’t want to get up early, I make breakfast myself. While I am having breakfast,
I listen to the latest news on the radio or watch morning TV programs.
I leave home at 8.15 and go to the nearest underground station. It takes me
half an hour to get to the university. On my way to the university I often meet my
fellow-students and we go on together talking about this and that.
The lessons begin at 9 o’clock and I don’t like being late. I come to the
university at a quarter to nine. Our classes last till three o’clock p.m. Аt twelve
we have a lunch break.
I usually come home at about 4 o’clock, but sometimes my friends and I go
to the cinema or somewhere else after classes. Besides we spend some time in
the reading-room of the library preparing for seminars.
My parents come home at six or half past six. We have dinner together.
Then we sit in the living room, drink tea, watch TV or just talk.
My friends call on me from time to time. But they don’t stay long because
next morning we all go to work or study.
I usually go to bed not later than half past eleven, because if I have a late
night I may oversleep my classes.
Next morning the alarm clock wakes me up again, but I don’t feel that the days
are alike. Each day brings something new and it’s very interesting to live in this world.
c) Определите, верны ли данные утверждения:
1) I am an early riser that’s why I usually wake up before the alarm clock rings.
2) I jump out of my bed at once, open the window wide in any weather and
always do morning exercises.
3) It’s pleasant to lie in bed for some minutes and I like it very much.
4) I live very far from my university and it takes me an hour and a half to get there.
5) We spend eight hours at the university.
6) There is a lunch break at twelve.
7) After classes I go to work.
8) My parents come home later than I do.
9) I have no time to watch TV in the evening as I go to the library after dinner.
10) I go to bed at half past eleven or later.
d) Сравните ваш рабочий день с описанным в тексте, обращая внимание на употребление глагольных форм в Present Simple, например:
Andrew wakes up at seven o’clock but I wake up at half past six.
e) Скажите, что вы не делаете (или с вами не происходит) из того,
что описано в тексте и наоборот, что вы делаете (или с вами происходит),
но о чем не говорится в тексте, например:
Andrew has a shave every morning, but I don’t shave at all.
I do my morning exercises every morning, but he doesn’t often do morning
exercises.
f) Задайте десять вопросов (всех типов) о рабочем дне, постарайтесь, чтобы ваши вопросы были логически связаны между собой и ответы
на них могли бы составить законченный рассказ.
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2. ГРАММАТИКА
2.1. Система времен английского глагола.
Настоящее время. Общие сведения
Simple/ Indefinite Progressive /
Continuous
констатация
процесс,
факта,
незаконченн
ое действие,
регулярное
происходит в
действие
момент речи
Perfect
результат,
завершенность к
настоящему
моменту
Perfect Progressive /
Perfect Continuous
действие,
продолжающееся
уже некоторое
время
have
have
I
you
we
V
am
they
is
he
are
has
has
am
have
have
she
V-ing
V3(V-ed)
been V-ing
V-s
it
do not
V
is
not V-ing
not V3(V-ed)
been V-ing
does not
are
has
always, usually,
often, every day,
now, at the
moment,
these days
already, yet, just,
for, since
ever, never, so far,
lately, recently, for,
since
ago, sometimes
has
2.2. Настоящее длительное время
I. Образование. Настоящее длительное время образуется с помощью соответствующей формы глагола “to be” и формы причастия I смыслового глагола.
+
I am working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
–
I am not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
?
Am I working?
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Are we working?
Are you working?
Are they working?
II. Употребление.
1) Данная временная форма употребляется для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в момент речи. Этот момент речи может
акцентироваться с помощью наречий времени now (сейчас) , at the moment
(в настоящий момент).
I am doing my homework now.
My sister is drawing at the moment.
2) Настоящее длительное время выражает длительное действие, совершающееся в настоящий период времени (необязательно в момент речи).
We are reading a very interesting story in our English classes.
James is working a lot these days.
3) Также эта форма употребляется для выражения будущего запланированного действия, для выражения намерения совершить действие. Это
значение совпадает с соответствующей формой настоящего времени русского языка и обычно характеризуется наличием обстоятельств времени,
указывающих на план будущего.
We are going to the theatre tonight.
What are you doing this weekend?
Необходимо помнить о том, что ряд глаголов английского языка не
имеют формы длительного времени (Progressive). Обычно это глаголы, выражающие состояния, чувства, восприятие и умственные состояния. Эти
глаголы ставятся в форму Present Simple.
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be
have
hate
want
desire
wish
see
hear
notice
smell
recognise
know
understand
think=believe
seem
belong
remember
forget
love
like
need
I think he is a pleasant man.
Tom wants to be a car salesman.
We remember those days with sadness.
* Глагол “to have” не употребляется в форме Progressive в значении
«иметь», но принимает эту форму в составе устойчивых сочетаний – “to
have breakfast”, “to have a bath”, “to have a talk”, “to have a smoke” и т.д.
I have a sister. – I’m having tea.
Have you got a computer? – We are having a look at this new computer.
* Глагол “to think” не употребляется в форме Continuous в значении
«считать, полагать, иметь мнение», но принимает эту форму в значении
«мыслить, находиться в процессе мышления о чем-либо».
I think John is a nice man. – I’m thinking of going out with him.
What do you think of this painting? – He is thinking of his girlfriend.
2.3. Настоящее совершенное время
Образование. Настоящее совершенное время образуется с помощью
вспомогательного глагола “have”, “has” и формы причастия II смыслового
глагола.
+
I have worked
We have worked
You have worked
They have worked
He has worked
She has worked
It has worked
–
I have not worked
We have not worked
You have not worked
They have not worked
He has not worked
She has not worked
It has not worked
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?
Have I worked?
Have we worked?
Have you worked?
Have they worked?
Has he worked?
Has she worked?
Has it worked?
II. Употребление
Настоящее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действий, совершенных к настоящему времени, результат которых налицо в
данный момент. Иными словами, какое-то событие не ушло в прошлое, а
стало фактом сегодняшнего дня. При этом время совершения действия
неважно. На русский язык эта форма переводится глаголом прошедшего
времени.
My sister has washed the window. It is clean. (результат действия has
washed состоит в том, что теперь окно чистое)
Has Mike come? (говорящего интересует результат действия has come,
которое можно перефразировать как Is he here?, то есть здесь ли Майк)
I haven’t met Ann (говорящий сообщает, что он не знаком с Анной, то
есть не знает ее, что можно перефразировать как I do not know Ann)
Данная временная форма употребляется с наречиями
· just (только что), lately, recently (в последнее время), never (никогда):
We have just finished reading this book.
He’s been very sad lately.
· аlready (уже) употребляется в утвердительных предложениях; yet
(еще) в отрицательных предложениях и yet (уже) в в просительных предложениях:
Ann has already had breakfast.
Has she washed up yet? No, she hasn’t done it yet.
· еver (когда-либо):
Have you ever been to Spain?
· аlways (всегда), all my life (всю жизнь), for ages (целую вечность):
They have always wanted to travel to Majorca.
I haven’t seen you for ages.
· а также с обстоятельствами времени today (сегодня), this month (в
этом месяце), this week (на этой неделе), указывающими на незаконченный
период времени (подразумеваем, что действие может повториться еще раз).
I have drunk three cups of coffee today (возможно, до вечера я выпью
еще не одну чашку).
В случаях, когда указан точный момент совершения действия – год,
день, время – употребляется простое прошедшее время.
В сложноподчиненных предложения с союзом since (с тех пор как) в
главном предложении употребляется Present Perfect, а в придаточном - Past
Simple:
I have received two letters from him since I sent him my last one.
We have learnt English since we started our second year at university.
Настоящее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действия, начавшегося в прошлом и продолжающегося до настоящего времени c предлогами for (в течение) и since (с). Особенно это характерно для
глаголов, не употребляющихся в форме Progressive. В этом случае эта форма
переводится на русский язык глаголом настоящего времени.
I’ve known Tim for two years.
She has hated him since their first meeting.
При образовании формы причастия II правильных глаголов необходимо соблюдать следующие правила орфографии:
– если глагол оканчивается на немую –е, то к глаголу добавляется
только –d:
skate – skated, create – created
– если глагол оканчивается на согласную + y, y меняется на i+ed :
cry – cried, fry – fried
– если глагол оканчивается на гласную + y, то y сохраняется:
play – played, stay – stayed
– если глагол оканчивается на согласную с предыдущим кратким
гласным звуком, конечная согласная удваивается:
stop – stopped, rob – robbed
16
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2.4. Настоящее совершенное длительное время
I. Образование. Настоящее совершенное длительное время образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола “have”, употребленного в форме Present Perfect (have been, has been) и причастия I смыслового глагола.
+
I have been working
We have been working
You have been working
They have been working
He has been working
She has been working
It has been working
–
I have not been working
We have been working
You have been working
They have been working
He has been working
She has been working
It has been working
?
Have I been working?
Have we been working?
Have you been working?
Have they been working?
Has he been working?
Has she been working?
Has it been working?
II. Употребление.
1) Настоящее совершенное длительное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось некоторое
время и все еще продолжается в момент речи. На русский язык эта форма
переводится глаголом настоящего времени. Часто это значение реализуется с помощью предлогов for и since и с вопросительным словом how long.
We have been watching TV since two o’clock.
How long has he been working for DP-Trade company?
2) Данная форма также выражает действие, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось некоторое время и закончилось непосредственно перед моментом речи. В данном случае глагольная форма переводится с
помощью глаголов прошедшего времени.
Janet feels tired. She has been working on a new advertising project.
I’m glad to see you. I’ve been waiting for you.
3) Важно помнить, что группа глаголов, не употребляющихся в
Progressive (см.выше), не употребляется в Present Perfect Progressive. Вместо этой временной формы употребляется Present Perfect.
4) Необходимо также помнить о том, что основная разница в употреблении Present Perfect и Present Perfect Progressive (второй случай употребления) состоит в том, что первое время всегда акцентирует результат,
законченность действия к моменту речи, в то время как употребляя второе, говорящий не заинтересован в результате действия (в том, закончено
ли оно или нет), а его интересует длительность, процесс самого действия.
Сравните: I’ve been reading a book. (я читал книгу, неизвестно и неважно, дочитал ли я ее до конца)
I’ve read a book. (я прочитал книгу до конца, важен результат)
Упражнение 6. Определите, в каком из настоящих времен переводится каждое из предложений группы:
a) Present Simple b) Present Progressive c) Present Perfect
d) Present Perfect Progressive
1.
· Я часто читаю исторические романы.
· Я прочитала интереснейший роман Вальтера Скотта.
· Сейчас я читаю книгу Мориса Дрюона.
· Я читаю эту книгу с понедельника.
2.
· Сегодня холодно, идет снег.
· Зимой нередко идет снег.
· Снег идет со вчерашнего вечера.
· Снег прошел, и на улицах города лежат огромные сугробы.
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3.
· Анна учит английский язык с 2000 года.
· Она уже выучила его основные грамматические особенности.
· Анна сейчас занята, она учит английский.
· Анна изучает английский язык.
4.
· Уже 7 часов, а я все еще готовлю ужин!
· В нашей семье, как правило, я готовлю ужин.
· Извини, я тороплюсь, я еще не приготовила ужин.
· Я готовлю ужин уже 2 часа: сегодня к нам придут гости.
5.
· Бабушка вяжет варежки.
· Бабушка связала новую пару варежек.
· Бабушка вяжет варежки уже неделю.
· Она вяжет варежки своим внукам каждую зиму.
6.
· Дик сделал зарядку и сейчас собирается принять душ.
· Он делает зарядку каждое утро.
· Он делает зарядку, не мешай ему.
· Дик делает зарядку уже 20 минут и скоро закончит.
7.
· Моя подруга работает переводчиком, она переводит тексты.
· Она переводит этот текст уже давно, он очень сложен.
· Мне придется перезвонить позже, она переводит текст.
· Она перевела этот текст, но ей надо подготовить еще один.
8.
· Мы делаем доклады почти на каждом семинаре.
· Мы делаем доклад уже 10 минут, но боюсь, не уложимся в лимит
времени.
· Сегодня мы делаем доклады по философии.
· Мы сделали много докладов в этом семестре и рассчитываем получить зачет «автоматом».
9.
· Студенты очень заняты в эти дни. Они пишут курсовые.
· Они пишут курсовые каждый семестр.
· Студенты пишут курсовые больше месяца, так как их темы очень
сложны.
· Они только что закончили курсовые и теперь готовятся к экзамену.
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10.
· Мы разговариваем уже 10 минут, сейчас закончится перемена!
· Я поговорил с другом, и мы пойдем в кино завтра.
· Извини, я разговариваю с друзьями, увидимся позже.
· Я разговариваю с близкими друзьями почти каждый день.
Упражнение 7. Определите, с какой временной категорией соотносятся данные наречия (в некоторых случаях возможны варианты):
a) Present Simple b) Present Progressive c) Present Perfect
d) Present Perfect Progressive
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
сейчас
уже
с утра
два раза в день
каждую неделю
только что
как правило
в данный момент
еще не
обычно
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
в эти дни
последнее время
иногда
целую вечность
уже 5 лет
часто
20 минут
все еще
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
в настоящее время
каждый вечер
редко
с 1995 года
ежегодно
в течение долгого
времени
25) всегда
26) со среды
27) вечерами
ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Настоящее Длительное Время (The Present Progressive Tense)
Упражнение 8. Добавьте к глаголам окончание –ing и разместите
их в соответствующих графах таблицы:
+ -ing
e + -ing
keeping
making
y + - ing
-ie
copying
tie
y + -ing
Двойная согл.+ - ing
tying
sitting
Smoke, swim, see, open, work, write, lie, run, die, do, rub, bathe, study,
shop, play, put, start, dance, stop, stay, carry, type, take, repair, shine, sing, drive,
cross, leave, ride, tip.
* Глагол “see” принимает окончание –ing по общему правилу.
Упражнение 9. Переведите на русский язык:
1. It is snowing hard.
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2. Don’t bother Alice, she is having a bath.
3. We are working on a new project this week.
4. Are you doing anything special tonight?
5. I am still learning this difficult poem.
6. What’s going on?
7. He is flying to New York tomorrow.
8. We are having a wonderful time.
9. Look! The sun is setting.
10. She is visiting her grandparents this weekend.
Упражнение 10. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму:
Пример: (+) The baby is sleeping.
(-) The baby is not sleeping.
(?) Is the baby sleeping?
1. I am studying in the library a lot these days.
2. Nancy is choosing a dress for the party.
3. They are drinking coke.
4. My friend is cooking dinner.
5. My cousins are playing tag at the playground.
6. I am preparing a report in History.
7. The students are studying the English verb.
8. She is dancing to the sounds of music.
9. We are enjoying ourselves at this party.
10. I’m thinking of studying law next year.
Упражнение 11. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в настоящем длительном времени:
1. The boys … (play) hockey in the yard.
2. My cat … (sleep) near the fireplace.
3. Little Doris … (help) her mother to bake a cake.
4. Jim … (watch) TV now.
5. The birds … (sing) beautifully in the trees.
6. I … (sit) next to the window.
7. My friends and I … (do) morning exercises.
8. Granny … (have) lunch at the moment.
9. Jeanne … (read) a book in the armchair.
10. They … (listen) to music.
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Упражнение 12. Предположите, что сейчас делают эти люди. Начните предложение с I think…
Пример: I think my dog is barking now.
Your mother/father/sister
your president
Your best friend
your teacher
Your girlfriend/boyfriend
your boss
THE PRESENT SIMPLE VS THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Упражнение 13. Выберите Present Simple или Present Progressive:
1. My sister is in the bathroom. I …(think) she …(wash) her hair.
2. It’s cold today. Mike … (wear) a raincoat and he … (carry) an umbrella.
3. I usually … (cook) meals and my brother … (wash up).
4. – Can I speak to Mr. Black, please? – I’m sorry, he … (have) lunch now.
5. Ann feels very tired, she … (work) a lot these days.
6. At weekends he … (take) her out and they … (eat) in a cafe.
7. It … (rain) again!
8. She is a school teacher. She … (teach) literature.
9. Sam never … (forget) his friends’ birthdays.
10. You can turn off the TV. I … (not watch) it.
Упражнение 14. Раскройте скобки в письме, употребляя глаголы в
Present Simple и Present Progressive:
Dear Marsha,
It … (be) (1) so nice to get your letters! How … you (do) (2)? I … (hope)
(3) you are OK.
I … (write) (4) to you from the Plaza Hotel where we … (spend) (5) our
holidays every year. We … (enjoy) (6) ourselves so much! The weather … (be)
(7) wonderful, the sun … (shine) (8), fortunately, it … (not rain) (9).
Right now I … (sit) (10) on the balcony of my room and I … (have a drink)
(11). The room is comfortable as it … (have) (12) all modern conveniences. The
windows … (overlook) (13) the sea. Every morning we … (go) (14) to the beach
and … (swim) (15) in the sea. Oh, know what? I … (learn) (16) to waterski! It’s
very difficult, but I … (do) (17) my best.
At 12 o’clock we usually … (have) (18) lunch, and in the afternoon we …
(go) (19) for a walk. Tonight we … (go out) (20) for a meal in a cafe.
Nickie is in the gym now. He … (do) (21) his exercises. You know how
much he … (like) (22) sport. The children … (collect) (23) seashells on the
beach. They …(want) (24) to have a whole collection of these by the time
we leave.
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Well, I’ve got to go now. Write soon!
Best wishes, Emily.
Упражнение 15. Переведите на английский язык:
1) Элис готовит ужин. Она хочет сделать овощной салат и сварить
картошку.
2) Снег идет? – Нет, не идет. – Я бы хотел* пойти погулять. – Хорошая идея!
3) Сейчас 9 часов утра. Обычно Трейси встает в 7 часов утра, но
сегодня она все еще спит, потому что это ее выходной.
4) Что ты делаешь сегодня вечером? – Я иду в кино со своим другом.
5) Барбара работает в банке, ей нравится ее работа.
6) Твой друг выглядит встревоженным, о чем он думает?
7) Эми живет на юге Москвы, но сейчас она снимает квартиру в
центре города.
8) В данное время мы работаем над модулем 3. Я думаю, мы скоро
его закончим (will finish).
9) Они ездят на работу на автобусе. Сейчас они ждут автобус на
остановке.
10) Дик пишет свой новый роман. Он старается писать три книги в год.
Настоящее Совершенное Время (The Present Perfect Tense)
Упражнение 16. Заполните таблицу второй и третьей формой данных неправильных глаголов:
be
do
make
have
see
go
drink
______________
*Я бы хотел – I’d like
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6) I have already bought presents for my relatives.
7) My dad has been an engineer since 1975.
8) We have done a lot of tasks in French this term.
9) This week I’ve visited a lot of my friends.
10) Andy has prepared dinner.
eat
leave
bring
read
give
get
come
take
know
keep
put
break
write
Упражнение 19. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect:
1) I … (learn) the poem by heart.
2) Ann … (study) at university for a year.
3) We … (have) lunch and now we’re writing a test.
4) Charles … just (move) to a new flat.
5) They … (be) friends since high school.
6) Little Jane … (clean) her room.
7) I … (do) my homework.
8) Mike … (make) a report in class.
9) My aunt … (travel) to America.
10) Simon … (know) John for several years.
Упражнение 17. Переведите на русский язык:
1) I have never read any books by Mark Twain.
2) Has he returned from work yet?
3) We have known each other since we started school together.
4) Let me introduce you to Bill. – No problem, Rob, we have met before.
5) Jimmy has wanted to be an engineer all his life.
6) Leila is very glad she has got a good mark in English.
7) They haven’t done their homework yet.
8) Have you ever been to Kiev?
9) Marsha’s boyfriend has called and invited her out, so she‘s making up now.
10) I haven’t seen him for ages, he has been very busy lately.
Упражнение 18. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму:
Пример: (+) We have already written the test.
(-)We have not written the test yet.
(?) Have we written the test уеt?
1) We’ve lived in the country for 10 years.
2) The students have passed their exams successfully.
3) Ted has just left home.
4) They have done the shopping.
5) Leslie has been to Switzerland.
24
Упражнение 20.
a) Составьте вопросы с ever, используя таблицу, и дайте краткие ответы на них:
Пример: Has Mary ever been to Red Square? Yes, she has.
Have you ever been to Read Square? …
Mary
1) read / Gone with the Wind
2) watch / Notting-Hill
3) be / to London
4) ride / a bike
5) visit / the Tretjakov Gallery
6) catch / a big fish
7) try / Chinese food
8) stay / in a hotel
9) drive / a car
*
10) go / snorkeling
______________
+
+
+
+
+
+
* плавать, нырять с дыхательной трубкой
25
you
b) составьте вопросы и ответы на них с помощью предложенных слов
и наречий yet, already:
Пример:
(Mary / get up?) (No)
Has Mary already got up? – No, she hasn’t got up yet.
1. (you / take / your exam / in Russian?) (Yes)
2. (John / graduate / from university?) (No)
3. (your brother / finish / school?) (No)
4. (the children / go to bed?) (Yes)
5. (Sandra / get home?) (No)
6. (Jane’s parents / have lunch?) (Yes)
7. (Andrew / visit / the Museum of Fine Arts?) (Yes)
8. (your sister / wash / her hair?) (No)
9. (you / make / a report in history?) (No)
10. (they / go out?) (Yes)
c) составьте обстоятельства времени с помощью предлогов for и
since:
Пример: 20 minutes – for twenty minutes; 11 o’clock – since eleven o’clock
1. Monday
6. 1980
2. a week
7. ages
3. 3 o’clock
8. a long time
4. 3 hours
9. yesterday
5. June
10. years
d) составьте вопросы с помощью how long? и ответьте на них, используя предложенные слова и предлоги for и since:
Пример: She / sleep // 9 o’clock.
How long has she slept? – She has slept since 9 o’clock.
a. Anna / live / here // 5 years
b. Teresa / be / a teacher // 1990
c. You / work / at school // 2 months
d. You / know / your best friend // childhood
e. They / be / married // 20 years
f. Your parents / live / in this house // 2000
g. Kim / stay / with her friends // she came to town
h. You / know / Bob // last month
i. He / teach / at the institute // 3 years
j. James / be / ill //Tuesday
Упражнение 21. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
1) Джон только что проснулся, но еще не встал (с постели).
26
2) Ты уже приготовила завтрак?
3) Смотри, дождь прекратился, и светит солнце.
4) Мы заняты с двух часов, сейчас мы обсуждаем план на неделю.
5) Студенты уже научились употреблять настоящее совершенное
время?
6) Они уже сделали семь упражнений.
7) Я не видел тебя целую вечность! Чем ты занимаешься?
8) Пойдем, урок уже начался, мы опаздываем!
9) Мы опоздали на поезд!
10) Я все еще умываюсь, я еще не закончил.
Настоящее Совершенное Длительное Время (The Present Perfect
Progressive Tense)
Упражнение 22.
a) Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) I’ve been writing a composition for two and a half hours but it’s not
ready yet.
2) Patsy and Melanie have been reading up for the physics exam for the
whole week.
3) George has been working in the library since morning but he hasn’t
found the book he wants so far.
4) We’ve been studying Maths since we entered the university.
5) Mom’s tired. She’s been cleaning the flat.
6) It’s been raining all day. Let’s not go out.
7) This assistant professor has been teaching at our department for 5 years.
8) I’ve been dreaming of entering the natural science department since I
finished secondary school.
9) Peter’s been doing the calculations for half an hour but he hasn’t solved
the problem yet.
10) I’ve been having a bath for 30 minutes. It’s time to get out.
b) Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect Progressive:
1) I … (study) at the evening department for 2 years.
2) We … (attend) this professor’s lectures with pleasure for the last 2 months.
3) Your eyes are red. … you (cry)?
4) Tom, what’s wrong? You … (miss) classes for nearly half a term.
5) Up to now James … (do) very well in the humanities.
6) Nelly … (carry out) a research in this field for several months already,
you can ask her about it.
27
7) How long … it (snow) in the place where you live? – It … (snow) for a
week here.
8) They … (shop) in the same department store since they moved here.
9) Barbara and Ken … (date) for a year now.
10) Hi! I haven’t seen you for ages. What you … (do)?
c) Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму:
Пример: (+) She has been writing the letter for half an hour.
(-) She has not been writing the letter for half an hour.
(?) Has she been writing the letter for half an hour?
1) Dirk has been studying psychology since 2000.
2) We’ve been dancing the whole night.
3) I’ve been going sightseeing in Moscow since Monday.
4) They’ve been staying in for the whole week.
5) The authorities have been developing the construction plan for 3 months.
6) This plant has been producing machinery for years.
7) My friend’s been visiting the museums in Cuzco this week.
8) We’ve been reading English books in the original for some time already.
9) She’s been taking extra classes in chemistry this term.
10) Ted’s been studying by correspondence for 2 years.
Упражнение 23. Задайте вопросы с how long? и ответьте на них,
используя предложенные слова и предлоги for и since:
Пример: (Jane / take a shower?) (fifteen minutes)
How long has Jane been taking a shower? – She has been taking a shower
for fifteen minutes.
1) (Nick / learn / English?) (one term)
2) (you / revise / the words for the quiz?) (the whole day)
3) (she / study / to pass entrance exams?) (half a year)
4) (Ms. Addams / live / in this residential area?) (she moved to Moscow)
5) (the Browns / stay / with their grandparents?) (Monday)
6) (your mother / watch / this Brazilian serial?) (it started on TV)
7) (you / learn / the words for the topic “School”?) (2 weeks)
8) (the students / write / a test in Algebra?) (20 minutes)
9) (it / rain?) (midnight)
10) (Jackson / study / law?) (two and a half years)
THE PRESENT PERFECT VS THE PRESENT PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
28
Упражнение 24.
a) для каждого из данных предложений напишите одно предложение
в форме Present Perfect, а другое – в форме Present Perfect Progressive с
использованием предложенных слов:
Пример: My father is reading a newspaper.
the first two pages / for half an hour
My father has read the first two pages. He has been reading for half an
hour.
1) I’m writing a course paper.
30 pages / for a week
2) Jim is learning a poem by heart.
since two in the afternoon / a half of it
3) Sandy is taking his exams now.
2 out of 4 exams / since the end of the term
4) Jane is cooking dinner now.
since morning / the vegetable soup
5) This postgraduate student is giving us lectures in computer science.
3 lectures / since the beginning of our second year
6) I am learning English.
since I entered university / 500 English words
7) I’m getting very good marks for my reports in Literature.
for two months / three excellent marks
8) Anna is cleaning her flat.
for several hours / the bedroom and the living room
9) Will is writing his graduation paper.
since October / 50 pages
10) My sister is doing her homework.
two exercises / for quite a long time
b) раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect и Present
Perfect Progressive:
1) Ted and Jane … (go out) for a year, but he … (not ask) her to marry him yet.
2) Why do you look so tired? – I … (do) a lot of work lately.
3) Hello, Mary! I … (not see) you for ages.
4) Angela … (read) the book “Oliver Twist” for a week but she … (not
get) through half of it.
5) You’ve got some hairs on your clothes. – I know, I … (hold) a cat on my lap.
6) How long … you (study) at university? – I … (study) here for 2 months.
7) Fanny … (clean) her flat since morning and she … (tidy) one room and
the kitchen.
29
8) My legs are wet. I … (walk) in the rain.
9) Let’s go for a walk. – Let’s go, I already … (do) my homework and I
am free now.
10) … you ever (drink) whiskey? – Oh, yes, I …
c) Переведите на английский язык:
1) Мы учимся в институте уже год.
2) Я всегда хотел изучать социологию.
3) Елена уже позавтракала, и теперь она может идти в институт.
4) Мы пишем тесты по английскому языку с тех пор, как мы поступили в университет.
5) Как долго ты уже пишешь этот доклад по философии? – Я пишу
его уже неделю, но я написал только часть.
6) Как долго ты уже здесь?
7) Я никогда не был в Италии! Я бы хотел поехать туда. – Я тебя
понимаю, я всегда мечтала поехать туда.
8) Моя сестра моет посуду уже 20 минут.
9) Она уже пропылесосила квартиру, и теперь она моет пол на кухне.
10) Уже целый семестр мы ходим на лекции с удовольствием и еще
не пропустили ни одной.
Упражнение 25. Какая форма глагола будет употреблена при переводе следующих предложений?
1) Памела пишет письмо своему брату.
a) writes
b) is writing
c) has written
d) has been writing
2) Памела пишет письмо брату уже полчаса.
a) writes
b) is writing
c) has written
d) has been writing
3) Памела пишет письма брату каждую неделю.
a) writes
b) is writing
c) has written
d) has been writing
4)
Памела написала письмо брату и садится пить чай.
a) writes
b) is writing
c) has written
d) has been writing
5)
Сегодня я слушал новости и могу рассказать тебе о выборах в
Якутии.
a) listen
b) am listening c) have listened d) have been listening
6)
Сейчас 3 часа дня, я слушаю новости.
a) listen
b) am listening c) have listened d) have been listening
7)
Я слушаю новости уже 45 минут, но репортажа о конкурсе красоты еще не было.
a) listen
b) am listening
c) have listened d) have been listening
30
8) Я всегда слушаю новости днем, в 3 часа.
a) listen
b) am listening
c) have listened d) have been listening
9) Зайди позже, она принимает ванну.
a) has
b) is having
c) has had
d) has been having
10) Она принимает ванну вечером, перед сном.
a) has
b) is having
c) has had
d) has been having
11) Она принимает ванну уже полчаса. Боюсь, ее придется поторопить.
a) has
b) is having
c) has had
d) has been having
12) Она только что приняла ванну и идет спать.
a) has
b) is having
c) has had
d) has been having
Упражнение 26. Поставьте к данным предложениям вопросы указанных типов:
Пример: John runs very quickly.
- Yes / no: Does John run very quickly?
- How: How does John run?
- Tag: John runs very quickly, doesn’t he?
- Who: Who runs very quickly?
- Or: Does John run quickly or slowly?
1) Irene studies hard for her exams.
- Yes/no
- How
- Tag
- Who
- Or
2) We are having lunch at the moment.
- Yes/no
- What
- Who
- Tag
- Or
3) She has been very busy lately.
- yes/no
- why
- tag
- or
4) I have been staying with my friends for a week.
- Yes/No
- With whom
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- How long
- Tag
- Or
Упражнение 27. В данных предложениях переведите глаголы:
1) Я всегда хотела поехать в Индокитай.
2) Обычно мы обедаем в 7 часов.
3) Дождь идет с утра.
4) Мы пишем тест уже час.
5) Сейчас я работаю над своей дипломной работой.
6) Она никогда не летала на самолете.
7) Том побывал в Голландии и хочет написать книгу о своей поездке.
8) В настоящее время она пишет пейзажи.
9) Окна блестят! Ты их помыл?
10) Мой брат работает за границей.
3. ЛЕКСИКА
EDUCATION
1) education – образование, воспитание
to get / to receive a good ~ – получить хорошее образование
compulsory ~ – обязательное образование
higher ~ высшее образование
self- ~ самообразование
high-quality ~ качественное образование
free ~ – бесплатное образование
2) fee – плата (за обучение)
3) school – школа
primary ~ начальная школа
secondary ~ средняя школа
technical ~ техникум
vocational ~ профессионально-техническое училище
specialized ~ специализированная школа
4) college – колледж
5) university – университет
6) faculty – факультет
7) chair – кафедра
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8) department – факультет, отделение
day ~ дневное отделение
evening ~ вечернее отделение
extra-mural ~ заочное отделение
Syn. correspondence ~
to study by correspondence – учиться заочно
9) full-time students – студенты очной формы обучения
part-time students – студенты вечерней и заочной формы обучения
10) classroom – класс, аудитория
11) assembly hall – актовый зал
12) laboratory (lab) – лаборатория
13) computer class / lab – компьютерный класс (лаборатория)
14) library – библиотека
reading room / hall – читальный зал
15) office – (служебный) кабинет
dean’s office – деканат
16) cloak-room – гардероб
17) canteen – столовая
18) gymnasium (gym) – спортивный зал
19) well-equipped – хорошо оборудованный, оснащенный
20) strict – строгий
~ rules – строгие правила
~ discipline – строгая дисциплина
21) rector / head of a university – ректор
22) pro-rector – проректор
23) dean – декан
24) teacher / lecturer – преподаватель
25) professor – профессор
26) assistant professor – доцент
27) pupil – ученик
28) student – студент, (Am. – любой учащийся)
a first-year ~ = a freshman – первокурсник
to be in one’s first / second /… year- быть на первом / втором /… курсе
29) graduate – выпускник
undergraduate student – студент последнего курса
postgraduate student – аспирант
30) certificate – свидетельство, удостоверение
education ~ аттестат зрелости
31) diploma – диплом
33
Syn. graduation paper
32) degree – степень
33) lecture – лекция
to give / to do a lecture = to lecture – читать лекцию
34) lesson – урок
at the lesson / in class – на уроке
extra lessons / classes – дополнительные занятия
35) break – перерыв
Syn. interval
36) vacation – каникулы
Syn. holidays
37) school / academic year – учебный год
38) term – семестр
39) test – тест, контрольная работа, зачет
~ period – сессия
40) student’s record book – зачетная книжка
41) examination (exam) – экзамен
entrance ~ - вступительный экзамен
to read up for ~ готовиться к экзамену
to get ready – готовиться
to take ~ сдавать экзамен
to pass ~ сдать экзамен
to fail (at the) ~ провалиться на экзамене
42) paper – письменная работа
examination ~ экзаменационная работа
test ~ зачетная работа
course ~ курсовая работа
43) quiz – контрольный опрос, устная или письменная проверка (без
предварительной подготовки)
44) composition – сочинение
45) report – доклад
to make a report – делать доклад
46) to hand in – сдать (работу преподавателю)
47) timetable – расписание
48) curriculum (pl. curricula) – учебный план, программа
49) subject – предмет
50) science – наука
natural ~-s – естетвенные науки
social ~-s – общественные науки
applied ~-s – прикладные науки
computer ~ информатика
51) the humanities – гуманитарные науки
52) mathematics (maths) – математика
53) physics – физика
54) chemistry – химия
55) biology – биология
56) geography – география
57) history – история
58) literature – литература
59) foreign language – иностранный язык
60) drawing – рисование, черчение
61) physical training / education – физкультура
62) philosophy – философия
63) psychology – психология
64) economics – экономика
65) science of law = jurisprudence – правоведение
66) sociology – социология
67) programming – программирование
68) preliminary / preparatory courses – подготовительные курсы
69) competition – конкурс
70) applicant – кандидат, претендент
71) entrant – абитуриент
72) to enter – входить, поступать
73) to graduate (from) – заканчивать (вуз)
74) to finish – заканчивать (школу)
75) to learn – учить, выучить
76) to study – учить, изучать
77) to teach – учить, обучать
78) to train – учить, готовить, тренировать
79) to instruct – учить, инструктировать
80) to attend classes / lectures – посещать занятия / лекции
81) to miss classes / lectures – пропускать занятия / лекции
82) to take / to do a subject – изучать предмет
83) to do / to carry out research – проводить исследование
84) to repeat – повторять, произносить или выполнять снова
85) to revise – повторять, вспоминать
86) to learn by heart – учить наизусть
87) to con – зубрить
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35
88) to make calculation – производить вычисления
89) to compute – производить вычисления (с помощью ЭВМ)
90) to do a sum – решать пример, арифметическую задачу
91) to solve a problem – решать задачу (алгебраическую, физическую)
92) to be good / clever / poor at – хорошо / плохо разбираться в чем-либо
Syn. to do well
93) to be quite at home in – хорошо разбираться в чем-либо
94) mark – оценка
Syn. grade (Am.)
very good – «отлично»
good – «хорошо»
satisfactory – «удовлетворительно»
bad – «неудовлетворительно»
Syn. poor
to get / to receive a ~ получить оценку
to give a ~ поставить оценку
95) grant – стипендия, грант
to get / to receive ~ получить стипендию, грант
Упражнение 28.
a) Выберите правильный вариант перевода:
1) получить образование
a) to take education
b) to get education
c) to make education
d) to do education
2) читать лекцию
a) to take a lecture
b) to get a lecture
c) to make a lecture
d) to do a lecture
3) сдавать экзамен
a) to take an exam
b) to pass an exam
c) to make an exam
d) to do an exam
4) изучать предмет
a) to make a subject
b) to pass a subject
c) to take a subject
d) to revise a subject
5) естественные науки
a) applied sciences
b) computer sciences
c) social sciences
d) natural sciences
6) закончить (вуз)
a) to graduate
b) to enter
c) to miss
d) to attend
36
7) общественные науки
a) applied sciences
c) social sciences
8) посещать занятия
a) to enter classes
c) to miss classes
9) получить оценку
a) to give a mark
c) to make a mark
10) подготовительные курсы
a) preparatory courses
c)compulsory courses
b) computer sciences
d) natural sciences
b) to attend classes
d) to study classes
b) to take a mark
d) to get a mark
b) secondary courses
d) vocational courses
b) Слову из левого столбика подберите перевод из правого столбика:
1) laboratory
a) качественное образование
2) chair
b) конкурс
3) higher education
c) расписание
4) report
d) декан
5) competition
e) библиотека
6) timetable
f) доклад
7) dean
g) высшее образование
8) graduate
h) выпускник
9) library
i) лаборатория
10) high quality education
j) кафедра
с) Какие слова соответствуют данным определениям?
a) be absent from the lesson
1) laboratory
b) be unsuccessful
2) self-education
c) without payment
3) term
d) education without (much) help from
4) certificate
schools or teachers
e) room or building used for scientific
5) the humanities
experiments, research, testing, etc.
f) one of the periods into which the
6) miss classes
academic year is divided
g) head of a department of studies
7) dean
h) the Arts subjects, such as literature,
8) read up for exams
history, philosophy
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9) fail
i) written or printed statement that may be
used as proof or evidence of something
10) free
j) get ready for exams
Упражнение 29.
а) Переведите выражения из текста на русский язык:
• are becoming more and more complex;
• higher education institutions;
• it was difficult to imagine that we were not pupils any more;
• we didn’t quite understand;
• a building of typical design;
• some ten-minute breaks;
• well-equipped;
• As I have already said;
• equally easy;
• good basic education.
b) Прочитайте текст:
Education is very important nowadays because industry, business and all
other spheres of life are becoming more and more complex and require high
qualified specialists in all fields. Every year thousands of young people enter
universities and other higher education institutions. They have just finished schools
and now they are students.
My friend and I left school in June. We liked our school and it was difficult
to imagine that we were not pupils any more. It was a very important and interesting
period of our life. But I think we didn’t quite understand that it was necessary for us,
not for teachers, to be attentive at the lessons, to do homework, not to miss classes.
Our school is a three-storeyed building of typical design, there are thousands
of such buildings in Moscow and in other towns of our country. It is not new but it
is well-equipped. There is a cloak-room, a canteen, a gym and a large library with
a reading-room on the ground floor. On the first floor there are classrooms for
literature, mathematics, geography, history and drawing. As I have already said, our
school it is well-equipped and we had classes in specialized physics, chemistry,
biology and language laboratories, computer rooms. On the second floor there are
some classrooms and a large assembly hall where we had meetings and festivals.
We went to school five days a week. It was very convenient because
when we were small we could spend weekends with our parents. Later, in senior
forms many of us attended preliminary courses on Saturdays and Sundays.
Classes began at half past eight. We had six or seven lessons a day. After
the fourth lesson we had a break and we went to our canteen to have lunch. We
also had some ten-minute breaks and could have a snack. When the lessons
were over we sometimes stayed at school to prepare for a festival or sport
competition, to discuss our plans for holidays or weekend, or just have a talk with
classmates and teachers. Our class was very friendly and we spent a lot of time
together.
I can’t say that all subjects were equally easy or difficult for me. I was
good at maths, physics and English, but I was poor at chemistry and biology. My
friend was quite at home in literature and history but he learned physics by heart!
Our school is famous for its teachers and quality education. Most of schoolleavers enter universities every year. The teachers gave us not only knowledge
of school subjects, they taught us how to get knowledge from books, references,
dictionaries, etc. I think our school gave us good basic education and we can
continue studying at university.
с) Задайте вопросы, ответами на которые являются следующие предложения:
1) Because industry, business and all other spheres of life are becoming
more and more complex and require high qualified specialists in all fields.
2) Yes, they did. They left school in June.
3) They left school in June, not in July.
4) The school is a three-storeyed building of typical design.
5) There is a cloak-room, a canteen, a gym and a large library with a
reading-room on the ground floor.
6) Because they could spend weekends with their parents.
7) On Saturdays and Sundays.
38
39
d) Заполните таблицу, сгруппировав данные слова по темам:
Humanities Certificate Office Test Education Quiz Fee
Programming Attend Record book Teach Report Graduate
Cloak-room Revise Canteen Learn Curriculum Economics
Applicant Library Rector Paper Gym Diploma Psychology
Composition Drawing
Учебные
Виды Документы Глаголы,
предметы отчета
связанные
с учебой
и науки учащихся
Помещения
Другие
слова
8) After the fourth lesson.
9) I was good at maths, physics and English.
10) It is famous for its teachers and quality education.
d) Составьте план текста и выпишите ключевые слова.
e) Перескажите текст по своему плану, используя ключевые слова.
Russian New University is one of the leading Non-State Universities in Russia. It
was founded in 1991. There were 102 students at two departments – Law and Economics
– in 1992/93 academic year. Now the University has more than 35 hundred full- and
part-time students in Moscow and the subsidiaries in 23 cities and towns all over Russia.
The University has its own building in 22, Radio Street. There is everything one needs to
study – lecture halls, well-equipped computer classes, a good library with ever-expanding
range of materials and users have free access to it. The infrastructure of the University
meets the requirements of the education process and helps its further development.
Russian New University combines the state standards demands with the
latest educational methods and technologies. The word ‘New’ in the name of the
University means that the strategy of its development, specialized programmes
and projects as well as teachers-students relationship are new. As any classical
university it gives high-quality fundamental education and professional training in
various fields. Many noted Russian scientists, Academicians and Corresponding
Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Natural
Sciences, State Prize Winners, 52 Professors and Senior Readers, over 200
Candidates of Sciences and leading specialists in their fields work at the University.
The students of the University carry out research work, take part in
department and university scientific and practical conferences and in BestResearch-Paper-of-the-Student contests. Alongside with theoretical knowledge
the students get practical skills, as practical work for a company is part of their
curriculum. They gain experience in dealing with real-life business needs, develop
skills that they will need in their future careers. Students’ practical work courses
really help them to find vacancies after completing their studies at the University.
There are the following departments at the University:
- Economics and Finance Department with the specialties Finance and
Credit; Accounting, Analysis and Audit; World Economy; Company
Management;
- Department of Law - Civil Law; Criminal Law; State Law; Law in
Economics; International Law;
- Information Systems and Computer Technologies Department – Applied
Computer Technologies in Economics; Applied Mathematics (in management);
Mathematics Software and IS Management; Information Systems;
- Department of Foreign Languages and Intercultural Communication –
Theory and Methods of Teaching Foreign Languages and Cultures;
Interpreting and Translation: Theory and Practice;
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy – Psychology in Law;
Management Psychology; Personal Psychology; Clinical Psychology;
Psychology Consulting;
- Social-and-Cultural Services and Tourism – Social and Cultural Services
and Tourism; Organization Management; Economics and Enterprise
Management;
- Department of Pre-University Studies helps senior pupils to intensify their
knowledge in Mathematics, Russian and Foreign Languages;
- at the Department of a Second Higher Education postgraduate students
get their Degree in Economics; Jurisprudence; Psychology and Pedagogy;
Social-and-Cultural Services and Tourism; Linguistics and Intercultural
Communication.
The University also takes care of students health and everyday life. It has
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41
Упражнение 30. Ответьте на вопросы:
1) When did you finish school?
2) What kind of school (general secondary, specialized, technical, vocational,
etc.) did you finish?
3) What document did you get when you finished school?
4) Describe your school building.
5) What subjects were you especially good at?
6) What subjects were difficult for you?
7) Did you attend preparatory courses before entering the university? Why?
8) What department do you study at?
9) What profession are you going to get?
10) How long do the studies last?
11) What document do the graduates get?
12) What subjects do you take at university?
13) What subjects are you quite at home in?
14) What subjects do you find difficult?
15) What do you know about the university you are studying at?
Упражнение 31. Прочитайте текст, напишите сочинение и расскажите о своей учебе в университете, используя диаграмму в качестве плана:
RUSSIAN NEW UNIVERSITY
its own Medical Centre. Besides it organizes regular meetings with interesting
and famous people, disputes, discotheques and parties. The University Ka-VeeN team is rather successful, you can see it on TV. The unique opportunity to
enjoy the cultural, social and recreational facilities of Moscow makes the students’
life more exciting.
university
entering
date
history
feelings
building
location
studying
description regulations
subjects
teachers
problems
results
4. ГРАММАТИКА
4.1. Система времен английского глагола.
Прошедшее время. Общие сведения
4.2. Прошедшее простое / неопределенное время
I. Простое прошедшее время образуется с помощью прибавления
окончания –ed к правильным глаголам и совпадает со второй формой неправильных глаголов. Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются
с помощью вспомогательного глагола did.
II. Образование прошедшего времени правильных и неправильных
глаголов to work, to leave
+
I worked/left
He worked/left
She worked/left
It worked/left
We worked/left
You worked/left
They worked/left
–
I did not work/leave
He did not work/leave
She did not work/leave
It did not work/leave
We did not work/leave
You did not work/leave
They did not work/leave
III. Образование форм прошедшего времени глагола to be.
+
Simple / Indefinite
Progressive /
Continuous
Perfect
констатация факта, Действие
обычное действие, , происходило в
определенный
перечисление
последовательных момент в
прошлом
действий
+
Perfect Progressive /
Perfect Continuous
результат,
завершенность к
определенному
моменту в
прошлом,
действие,
произошедшее
раньше другого
действия в
прошлом
действие,
продолжавшееся
уже некоторое
время до
определенного
момента в
прошлом
had V3 (V-ed)
had been V-ing
?
Did I work/leave?
Did he work/leave?
Did she work/leave?
Did it work/leave?
Did we work/leave?
Did you work/leave?
Did they work/leave?
I was
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
–
?
I was not
He was not
She was not
It was not
We were not
You were not
They were not
Was I?
Was he?
Was she?
Was it?
Were we?
Were you?
Were they?
IV. Употребление.
was
V2 (V –ed)
V-ing
were
-
was
did not V
not V-ing had not V3 (V-ed) had not been V-ing
were
42
Прошедшее простое время употребляется для обозначения действий,
совершавшихся в прошлом. Эти действия не имеют непосредственного
отношения к настоящему моменту (ср. Present Perfect). Данная временная
форма употребляется для повествования о событиях прошлого. На русский язык это время переводится с помощью глаголов прошедшего времени совершенного и несовершенного вида.
43
Прошедшее простое время употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия с указаниями момента совершения действия – yesterday
(вчера), last week, year, month (на прошлой неделе, в прошлом году, в прошлом месяце), two weeks ago (две недели назад), the other day (на днях), in
1998, in summer (летом).
Yesterday I got a good mark in algebra.
Did you visit your grandparents on Sunday?
We were at the gym in the morning.
Момент времени может быть указан косвенно (например, через обстоятельство места):
I met my friend in the underground (when I was there I met my friend)
Данное время употребляется для выражения последовательности
действий в прошедшем времени:
I got up, brushed my teeth, had a shower, did the exercises and went to work.
Прошедшее простое время выражает также обычные, повторяющиеся действия в прошлом:
When I studied at school I did my homework every day.
When Dad was a student he passed a lot of exams.
При образовании формы прошедшего времени правильных глаголов
необходимо соблюдать следующие правила орфографии:
1) если глагол оканчивается на немую –е, то к глаголу добавляется
только –d:
skate – skated, create – created
2) если глагол оканчивается на согласную + y, y меняется на i+ed :
cry – cried, fry – fried
3) если глагол оканчивается на гласную + y, то y сохраняется:
play – played, stay – stayed
4) если глагол оканчивается на согласную с предыдущим кратким
гласным звуком, конечная согласная удваивается:
stop – stopped, rob – robbed
+
I was working
He was working
She was working
It was working
We were working
You were working
They were working
–
I was not working
He was not working
She was not working
It was not working
We were not working
You were not working
They were not working
?
Was I working?
Was he working?
Was she working?
Was it working?
Were we working?
Were you working?
Were they working?
I. Образование.
Прошедшее длительное время образуется с помощью глагола “to be”
в формах прошедшего времени (was, were) и формы причастия I смыслового глагола.
II. Употребление.
Прошедшее длительное время выражает незаконченное длительное
действие в прошлом, иными словами, прошедшее действие в процессе его
совершения. На русский язык оно переводится глаголом прошедшего времени несовершенного вида.
1) Эта временная форм употребляется для выражения длительного
действия, совершавшегося в определенный момент времени в прошлом.
Этот момент времени обозначается:
• обстоятельствами времени, такими как at 5 o’clock (в 5 часов), at
midnight (в полночь), at that moment (в тот момент)
We were having dinner at 7 o’clock in the evening.
• другим прошедшим действием, выраженным Past Simple:
I was learning the new words of Module 2 when Dad came home from
work.
What were you doing when I called you?
2) Прошедшее длительное время употребляется для выражения длительного действия, которое совершалось в истекшем периоде времени.
During the first term we were doing a lot of grammar exercises.
3) При необходимости подчеркнуть действие как процесс Past
Continuous употребляется с таким обстоятельствами времени как all day long
(весь день), the whole evening (весь вечер), from 5 till 7 (с 5 до 7), all the time
(все время).
She was writing an essay the whole evening.
4) Когда два длительных действия совершались одновременно, параллельно, они могут быть выражены как Past Progressive (при изображении действий как процессов), так и Past Simple (при констатации действий
как фактов). Часто такие действия выражены в сложноподчиненном предложении с союзом while:
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45
4.3. Прошедшее длительное время
While I was washing up my brother was washing his clothes. While I washed up my brother washed his clothes.
5) Глаголы, не употребляющиеся в форме Continuous, принимают форму Past Simple.
When I studied at school I hated my teachers.
4.4. Прошедшее совершенное время
I. Образование.
Прошедшее совершенное время образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола “have” в прошедшем времени (had) и причастия II смыслового глагола.
+
I had worked
He had worked
She had worked
It had worked
We had worked
You had worked
They had worked
–
I had not worked
He had not worked
She had not worked
It had not worked
We had not worked
You had not worked
They had not worked
?
Had I worked?
Had he worked?
Had she worked?
Had it worked?
Had we worked?
Had you worked?
Had they worked?
As soon as she had received his letter she decided not to write back.
After I had read this book I took another book of this writer.
Before she took the exams she had passed all the tests.
Употребление формы прошедшего совершенного времени подчеркивает законченность первого действия к моменту наступления второго.
Необходимо помнить, что в подобных предложениях возможно употребление Past Simple, если действия быстро следуют одно за другим.
4.5. Прошедшее совершенное длительное время
I. Образование.
Прошедшее совершенное длительное время образуется с помощью
вспомогательного глагола “to have”в Past Perfect (had been) и причастия I
смыслового глагола.
+
I had been working
He had been working
She had been working
It had been working
We had been working
You had been working
They had been
working
–
I had not been working
He had not been working
She had not been working
It had not been working
We had not been working
You had not been working
They had not been working
?
Had I been working?
Had he been working?
Had she been working?
Had it been working?
Had we been working?
Had you been working?
Had they been working?
II. Употребление
Прошедшее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом.
Данная форма переводится на русский язык глаголом прошедшего времени как совершенного, так и несовершенного вида. Это время часто называется «предпрошедшим», так как оно обозначает действие, совершенное к
определенному моменту/действию в прошлом. Момент времени в прошлом
выражается:
• обстоятельством времени с предлогом by:
We had returned home by 5 o’clock yesterday.
By 2000 they had graduated from university.
• другим прошедшим действием, выраженным в Past Simple:
When our friends came we had already left for the stadium.
Past Perfect часто употребляется в сложноподчиненных предложениях с союзами when, as soon as (как только), after (после того как), before
(до того как):
II. Употребление.
1) Прошедшее совершенное длительное время употребляется для
выражения длительного прошедшего действия, начавшегося ранее другого прошедшего действия (выраженного Past Simple) и еще продолжающего
в момент совершения второго действия. В данном случае Past Perfect
Progressive употребляется с указаниями периода времени совершения действия с предлогом for. На русский язык это время переводится глаголом
прошедшего времени несовершенного вида.
We had been talking for an hour when somebody knocked on the door.
2) Данная форма употребляется для выражения длительного прошедшего действия, которое закончилось непосредственно перед моментом осуществления второго прошедшего действия (выраженного Past Simple). Период времени, в течение которого проистекало первое действие, может быть
указан или не указан.
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47
I was tired because I had been doing some work in the garden.
3) Глаголы, не употребляющиеся в форме Progressive, ставятся в Past
Perfect Tense:
I was happy to go to Jamaica. I had wanted to go there for a very long
time.
Упражнение 32. Определите, в каком из прошедших времен переводится каждое из предложений группы:
a) Past Simple
b) Past Progressive
c) Past Perfect
d) Past Perfect Continuous
1.
1) Вчера вечером я гладила.
2) Я гладила вчера в 5 часов вечера.
3) Я уже погладила белье, когда муж пришел с работы.
4) Я гладила уже полчаса, когда утюг вдруг сломался.
2.
1) Вчера мы играли в шахматы с 2 до 3.
2) Мы сыграли три партии к 6 часам вечера.
3) Вчера мы играли в шахматы.
4) Мы играли 20 минут, когда мне позвонил мой коллега и мне пришлось уйти.
3.
1) Мэри печатала статью уже довольно долго, когда пришел электрик, и ей пришлось прерваться.
2) Она печатала статью вчера весь вечер.
3) Она напечатала статью к четвергу, последнему дню сдачи.
4) На прошлой неделе Мэри закончила печатать статью.
4.
1) В пятницу Алекс купил себе мобильный телефон.
2) Он выбирал телефон полчаса, прежде чем купил его.
3) Алекс покупал телефон, в то время как его жена выбирала посудомоечную машину.
4) После того как Алекс купил телефон, он решил купить еще и факс.
5.
1) Джейн и Питер смотрели телевизор, когда зазвонил телефон.
2) Они смотрели телевизор уже час, когда пришла Моника.
3) Как только они посмотрели свою любимую программу, они пошли
гулять.
4) В субботу Джейн и Питер смотрели телевизор.
48
ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Прошедшее Простое Время (The Past Simple Tense)
Упражнение 33.
a) Заполните таблицу второй и третьей формой данных неправильных глаголов:
run
teach
sing
find
say
sleep
buy
learn
swim
catch
steal
understand
pay
tell
begin
feel
speak
b) Распределите глаголы по соответствующим столбцам таблицы:
Jump, smoke, fry, rub, laugh, stay, hop, hate, study, like, carry, cook, hurry,
drop, enjoy, kiss, love, tidy, change, visit, try, stop, pat, ask, bake, ban, cry, sip
49
- ed
-d
-ied
Двойн. Согл. +- ed
jumped
smoked
fried
rubbed
Упражнение 34. Кратко ответьте на следующие вопросы и вставьте was, were, где необходимо:
1) Were you at university on Thursday? Yes, …
2) Was Jane in Italy last month? No, … She … there in August.
3) Were Alex and Helen in the cinema on their day-off? No, … They … at
their friends’ place.
4) Were they at the bookshop the day before yesterday? Yes, …
5) Was your cousin at the factory on Wednesday? No, … He … there on
Friday.
6) Was your friend in the sportsclub last week? Yes, …
7) Were Bet and Frida at the library on Saturday? Yes, …
8) Was Mr. Smith at work yesterday? No, … He … in hospital.
9) Were you glad to go to your friend’s birthday party last weekend? Yes, …
10) Were you in the swimming pool last Monday? No, … We … in the gym.
Упражнение 35.
a) Составьте вопросы с вопросительным словом where? и ответьте
на них, используя предложенные слова:
Пример: Doris / supermarket
Where was Doris yesterday? She was in the supermarket.
1) Liz / at the hairdresser’s
2) Tom and Alice / at home
3) They / museum
4) You / university
50
5) Cindy’s parents / at work
6) Kelly / at the travel agent’s
7) Bob and Mary / theatre
8) Pamela / gym
9) Your uncle / Berlin
10) Your friends / park
b) Расставьте слова так, чтобы получились вопросы, и найдите ответ
для каждого из них в правом столбике:
1) at the theatre / were / you?
2) who / you / with / were / at the
theatre?
3) the tickets / were / expensive?
4) how much / they / were?
5) there / many people / were?
a. Yes, there were.
b. Fantastic!
c. It was two hours long.
d. Aunt Rita.
e. because we waited for the bus
for 20 minutes.
f. Yes, I was.
g. There were some drinks and
cakes.
h. $ 20 each.
i. No, they were not.
j. They were exceptionally good.
6) good / was / the show?
7) it / was / how long?
8) the actors / were / good?
9) why / you / late / were?
10) what/ there / in the café / was?
c) Дополните предложениями глаголами am, is, are, was, were:
1) I … tired. I have done a lot of housework today.
2) There … a bridge over a river.
3) We … late for work yesterday.
4) Jane … a typist. She works for a big company.
5) Where … you yesterday? I tried to call you but you … not at home. – I
… at work.
6) How old … the twins? – They … 12.
7) London … famous for its red buses.
8) There … a lot of people at the railway station when we arrived in
Moscow.
9) Jack … my friend. We … very good friends.
10) How old … your brother two years ago? He … eight.
51
Упражнение 36. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы:
Пример: (+) We went to school last year.
(-) We didn’t go to school last year.
(?) Did we go to school last year?
1) It rained in Moscow on Monday.
2) They really enjoyed the concert.
3) Greg did his morning exercises regularly in his youth.
4) During my first year at university I attended all lectures and seminars.
5) Sam answered well at the seminar.
6) We met when we were on holiday.
7) My sister left for work at a quarter to eight in the morning.
8) My friend missed the bus and took a taxi to get there.
9) It took him 20 minutes to get to work by taxi.
10) The pupils asked a lot of questions in class.
Упражнение 37. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple:
1) Last year Julie … (be) a first year student.
2) It … (take) us 45 minutes to get to the university as there … (be) some
traffic jams.
3) Mary … (not wash up) after dinner as she … (have) no time to do it.
4) Three years ago my family and I … (go) to Greece to have a rest.
5) you …(take) your exam in history on the 22nd? – Yes, I … (pass) it
successfully.
6) On Sunday we … (go out) for a coffee, … (watch) a good film in the
MDM-cinema and … (have) an early night.
7) Agnes … (start) school in 1983 and … (finish) it in 1993.
8) you … (write) a test at your last chemistry lesson? - No, we … (not
write) it. We … (write) the test last Wednesday.
9) Last week Mr. Jones … (buy) a Volvo.
10) When … you (enter) university? – I … (enter) it a year ago.
Упражнение 38. Поставьте специальные вопросы к следующим
предложениям и ответьте на них, используя слова в скобках:
Пример: The boys played football (in the yard)
Where did the boys play football? - The boys played football in the yard.
1) Sheila went somewhere yesterday (to the restaurant)
2) I came home late the day before (at 12 o’clock)
3) Sarah met somebody at her office (Peter)
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4) Paul bought something in the department store (a suit)
5) Tony went out with somebody on Saturday evening (Mary)
6) They didn’t like the film they watched yesterday (it was boring)
7) Somebody got a good grade at the lesson (Thomas)
8) I talked to somebody in the hall (the teacher)
9) She lived in a big city (New York)
10) My friends brought somebody to the party (Helen)
Упражнение 39. Дополните текст глаголами из рамки, употребляя
их в Past Simple:
return
have
enjoy
wash
get off
leave
change
work
make
fall asleep
go out
come
drop in
fry
wash up
take
watch
go
buy
cook
Yesterday John … (1) his office at 5.30. He … (2) trolleybus #24 and …
(3) at the second stop. On the way home he … (4) the supermarket and … (5)
some food for supper.
John … (6) home at 6 o’clock. He … (7) his clothes, … (8) his hands and
… (9) dinner. He … (10) a salad and … (11) chicken. He … (12) dinner and at
7 o’clock John … (13) the news. After that he … (14) and … (15) on the computer.
Then he … (16) with his friends, they …(17) to the club. They … (18) themselves
there and he … (19) home at 3 in the morning. He …(20) at once.
THE PRESENT PERFECT VS THE PAST SIMPLE
Упражнение 40.
a) Кто мог это сказать?
1) I work hard.
2) I’ve worked hard all my life.
3) I worked hard.
1) I’ve lived in Moscow for
a long time.
2) I lived in Moscow.
3) I live in Moscow.
a) a retired man
b) a young businessman
c) a person who is planning
to retire
a) a person living in Moscow
b) a person planning to move to
St. Petersburg
c) a person living in Petersburg
53
1) I am getting married.
2) I’ve been married for 10 years.
3) I was married.
a) a married person
b) a person who is planning to
marry
c) a divorced man
a) a man who is taking law as a
subject
b) a man who knows a lot about
law
c) a man who took it as a subject
1) I’ve studied law
2) I studied law at university.
3) I study law.
b) выберите правильный вариант из предложенных:
1) Jane is a doctor. She … in a health centre for a year.
a) worked
b) has worked
2) Jane was a doctor. She … in a health centre for a year.
a) worked
b) has worked
3) Jason … goodbye and left the room.
a) said
b) have said
4) I … the test. Can I hand it in?
a) wrote
b) have written
5) My friends … in 1995.
a) graduated
b) have graduated
6) They … friends since childhood.
a) were
b) have been
7) Al … a lot of money on his new flat so far.
a) spent
b) has spent
8) I … Drew for a week.
a) didn’t see b) haven’t seen
9) My Dad .. in Tanzania twice.
a) was
b) has been
10) When … you judo … classes?
a) did … start
b) have … started
Упражнение 41. Задайте вопросы и ответьте на них:
Пример: be to London / visit Trafalgar Square
Have you been to London? Yes, I have. Did you visit Trafalgar Square?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
1) be to Germany / see the castles on the Maine
2) see Fear.com / like it
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3) be to France / when
4) go to a Japanese restaurant / which restaurant
5) try Turkish food / spicy
6) travel by ship / where
7) go to a tennis game / enjoy it
8) read English books in the original / what books...last year
9) ride a horse / who … with
10) win a competition / what kind of competition
Упражнение 42. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect или Past Simple:
A.
1) Jack … (be) to London? - Yes, he … - Where … he (stay?) - He …
(stay) at the Madison Hotel.
2) How long … he (be) an engineer? – He … (be) an engineer for 2 years.
He… (graduate) in 2000.
3) … you (do) the shopping on Sunday? - Yes, we … We … (get) a lot of food
stuff. – What … you (buy)? – We … (buy) some meat, a cake, and some bread.
4) … Ellen (visit) her aunt recently? - Yes, she … (see) her last weekend.
5) … Samuel (finish) his graduation paper? – No, he … But last week he
… (write) the first chapter of it to the end.
6) … Archie (receive) the letter from Sheila? – No, he … (not receive) it
yet. – When … she (send) it? – She … (send) the letter two days ago.
7) … you (see) a dolphin? – Yes, I… (see) dolphins in the zoo last summer.
- … you (touch) them? – Yes, I …, I even … (feed) them some fish.
8) Sting … (write) a lot of interesting music, don’t you agree? – Yes, I like
him, too. … you (buy) his new CD? – No, I …, but I … (see) it on sale in the
music shop last week.
9) Maria Skladowska-Curie and Pierre Curie … (work) together for most
of their lives.
10) Where … you (put) my keys? I can’t find them anywhere. – Oh, sorry,
I think I … (put) them on the table as I was leaving the room.
B.
Dear Marsha,
I’m writing to tell you the latest family news. Dad … recently
(redecorate) (1) our flat. He … (put) (2) new wallpaper and … (buy) (3) a
new couch for the living room. Last week he … (paint) (4) the ceilings. The
flat looks fantastic!
55
Aunt Grace … (have) (5) her baby! We all are so happy about it. Aunt
Grace and Uncle Jerry … (not decide) (6) upon the name yet but I think they are
going to call her Mary.
Do you remember your cousin Andrew? He … (get) (7) married. We …
(go) (8) to the reception on Sunday. We … (miss) (9) you there! Now he and his
wife … (leave) (10) for their honeymoon in Italy.
Our neighbours Tina and Fred … (find) (11) a good flat in Washington,
they are moving there next week. Yesterday there … (be) (12) a farewell party
for them in the neighbourhood.
Hope you’ll come home soon, darling, write soon with your news.
Love, Mum.
Упражнение 43. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
1) – Ты когда-нибудь был в Греции? – Да, я ездил туда прошлым
летом.
2) – Мэри уже сделала домашнее задание? – Нет, она еще не написала сочинение, но она уже прочитала текст.
3) – Как давно ты знаешь Эндрю? – Я знаю его 5 лет, мы познакомились в 1998, когда мы вместе посещали уроки китайского языка.
4) Мы всегда хотели купить новую машину, так как наша - не самая
удобная.
5) – Ты пробовал китайскую кухню? – Да. – Тебе понравилось? –
Нет, не очень.
6) Моя сестра живет за городом, с тех пор как она вышла замуж.
7) - Когда она ездила в центр за покупками? – Она ездила туда в
четверг после работы.
8) Мой папа покрасил стены на кухне в понедельник.
9) – Могу я видеть Джо? – Его нет, он только что вышел.
10) Грег помыл машину. Посмотри, как она блестит.
5) Ted was reading up for his geography exam the whole day yesterday.
b) Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму:
Пример: (+) We were having a lesson at five yesterday.
(-) We were not having a lesson at five yesterday.
(?) Were we having a lesson at five yesterday?
1) My cousin was reading a love story the whole evening yesterday.
2) The students were writing a test when the bell rang.
3) They were having a break at 12 o’clock.
4) Brenda was taking a shower while her niece was playing computer
games.
5) He was doing his homework when his friends arrived.
c) Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Progressive:
1) It … (rain) the whole night.
2) What book … you (read) all the evening?
3) He … (give) a brilliant lecture at 1 o’clock in room 16.
4) They … (write) a test during the Maths lesson on Wednesday.
5) Susan … (have) an English lesson from 3 till 5.
6) She … (make up) while her husband … (comb) his hair.
7) She … (do) very well in Geometry last term.
8) Where … you (go) when I met you?
9) The children … (not sleep) when their parents left for the theatre.
10) Ted … (leave) home the moment his phone rang.
Упражнение 44.
a) Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) Yesterday at half past 7 I was having tea with my family.
2) While the children were watching TV their grandparents were listening
to the radio.
3) Pete and Sue were doing sums from 7 till 9 in the evening.
4) Jill was talking on the phone when the professor began his lecture.
Упражнение 45. Поставьте вопросы с предложенными словами и
ответьте на них, используя информацию о Хелен:
7.30 – 8.00
have breakfast
8.00 – 8.30
go to work
9.00 – 11.00
work with clients
11.30 – 13.00
visit the factory
13.00 – 14.00
have lunch with a friend
15.00 – 17.00
hold negotiations with British Airways
18.00 - 19.30
watch the film Star Track in the cinema
20.00
call her mother
20.00 – 21.30
watch news on TV
21.30 – 22.30
read the Cosmo magazine
1) what / do / at 7.45?
2) where / go / at 8 o’clock?
3) who / work / with / at 10 o’clock?
4) what / visit / at 11.45?
56
57
Прошедшее Длительное Время (The Past Progressive Tense)
5) who / have lunch / with / at 13.30?
6) what / do / at 4 o’clock?
7) what film / watch / at 7 o’clock?
8) who / call / at 8 o’clock?
9) what programme / watch at 20.25?
10) read / what magazine / at 11 o’clock?
THE PAST SIMPLE VS THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
Упражнение 46.
a) Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple и Past
Progressive:
1) I … (see) Mary yesterday. She … (wear) a long red dress.
2) The child … (begin) crying when her mother … (leave) home for work.
3) Why … you (look) so sad when I … (met) you at the institute yesterday?
… you (think) of the problems with your dog?
4) We … (have) lunch when our landlady … (come) to get her things.
5) Peter … (make) his report and the students … (take notes) when the
dean … (enter) the classroom.
6) What … Tim (do) at 5 o’clock yesterday? – He … (iron) his trousers.
7) George … (answer) the phone when it … (ring).
8) I … (not notice) that you … (be) in the room. I … (cut) the vegetables.
9) Jim … (see) me when I … (cross) the street.
10) Gail … (read) in bed when the lights … (go off).
b) Выберите правильную грамматическую форму:
1) The children drew / were drawing when the lights went / were going off.
2) What happened / was happening?
3) While Nick made / was making his report, the students took / were
taking notes.
4) She made / was making salad and she cut / was cutting her finger.
5) Mr. Black came / was coming home, had / was having lunch and
worked / was working on the computer.
6) While he studied / was studying the humanities at university he made
/ was making a lot of new friends.
7) Tom got / was getting a good education in Germany.
8) He got / was getting good marks when he was a student.
9) Angela took / was taking her entrance exams when she suddenly
decided / was deciding that she didn’t want / wasn’t wanting to study law.
10) The students wrote / were writing test papers at the end of each term.
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с) Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Past Simple
и Progressive:
1) Пока я решал задачи по математике, мой брат писал упражнения
по русскому языку.
2) Ты хорошо провела время на вечеринке у Алекса? – Да, мы танцевали весь вечер.
3) Вчера в три часа дня Мэри ждала звонка Питера.
4) Когда я переводил текст, мне позвонил мой друг.
5) Мистер Джонс ехал со скоростью 100 км/час, когда его остановила полиция.
6) Куда ты ехал, когда мы встретились? – Я ехал в библиотеку, чтобы подготовиться к экзамену.
7) Что вы делали в выходные? – Мы с Анной ходили в кино и ужинали
в кафе.
8) Нэнси поливала цветы, когда вдруг она увидела в окно, что ее друг
подходил к дому.
9) Тебе понравился фильм, который ты смотрел вчера? – Да, он был
очень интересен.
10) Моя сестра занималась английским с 8 до 9 часов вечера вчера.
Прошедшее Совершенное Время (The Past Perfect Tense)
Упражнение 47.
a) Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) We had already left the flat when the phone started ringing.
2) By 7 o’clock yesterday I had finished typing the report.
3) By the time he was 20 he had got married.
4) Before they went to Parliament Square they had visited Westminster
Abbey.
5) As soon as Angela had graduated she found a good job in a travel
company.
b) Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму:
Пример: (+) The boy had done all exercises before he went for a walk.
(-) The boy had not done all exercises before he went for a walk.
(?) Had the boy done all exercises before he went for a walk?
1) It had snowed heavily (and there was a lot of snow in the street).
2) She had slept badly that night (that’s why she looked so bad).
3) Debbie had won the lottery (so she bought a country house).
59
4) She had forgotten to take her keys (and she stayed at her granny’s for
the night).
5) We had seen a horror film (we decided we would watch a comedy next time).
c) раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Perfect:
1) Ann was sad because she … (fail) her exam in economics.
2) Did you like the apartment they … (buy)?
3) The lecture already … (begin) when they entered the classroom.
4) Frank wasn’t at home when we came. He … (go out).
5) As soon as the group … (revise) Unit 5 they started Unit 6.
6) She changed schools after her family … (move) to another part of the city.
7) My friends … (write) the quiz by 3 o’clock yesterday.
8) By the time my mom came home I … (prepare) dinner.
9) We were tired as we … (walk) round the town for the whole day.
10) After we … (watch) this film in English we wrote a composition on its
subject.
Упражнение 48. Составьте предложения о Кейт и о себе по образцу:
By the time Kate was 7 she had started school.
By the time I was 7…
Kate
1) start school
2) learn to swim
3) travel by underground
4) read a lot of books
5) drive a car
6) learn to count
7) see many films
8) go to Europe
9) start taking drawing classes
10) learn to ride a bike
you
+
+
+
+
+
-
Упражнение 49. Составьте из двух простых предложений одно сложноподчиненное предложение с помощью союза, данного в скобках:
Пример: She had a shower. She got dressed. (before)
She had had a shower before she got dressed.
Before she got dressed she had had a shower.
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1) They missed a lot of classes. They worked hard. (after)
2) Anna cooked lunch. Her family sat down to enjoy the meal. (as soon as)
3) He passed his exam. He failed it twice. (before)
4) Dad came home from work. Mum cooked dinner and cleaned the flat.
(by the time)
5) Jane lived in the country. She moved to the city. (before).
6) She entered college. She began to study languages. (when)
7) Alfred did the ironing and fed the dog. He went shopping. (after)
8) We had breakfast. We started for the institute. (as soon as)
9) The dean arrived. The meeting started. (by the time)
10) They came to the institute. The class began. (when)
V. Прошедшее Совершенное Длительное Время (The Past Perfect
Progressive Tense)
Упражнение 50.
а) переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) We’d been revising the material for several lessons before we wrote a
final test on words.
2) The child’s face was dirty. She had been eating sweets.
3) It had been raining for week when all of a sudden drought* set in.
4) My friends had been staying with me for some time till they found good
accommodation to rent.
5) He managed to hand in a brilliant composition. He had been working on
it for a long time.
b) поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму:
Пример:
(+) Bob had been writing his paper for two hours before he gave it in.
(-)Bob had not been writing his paper for two hours.
(?) Had Bob been writing his paper for two hours before he gave it in?
1) He’d been reading a book for an hour when his girlfriend called on him.
2) It had been drizzling** the whole night and there were puddles*** in the
streets in the morning.
3) We’d been walking in the park for 2 hours when we got cold and went
home.
* [draut] - засуха
** моросить (о дожде)
*** лужи
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4) Cathy had been watching her children playing for some time before she
told them to go to bed.
5) Bernie had been asking a lot of questions and the teacher got mad.
c) Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Perfect Progressive
Tense:
1) We … (work) together for six years when my colleague quit.
2) How long … you (learn) Spanish when you went to Madrid to study?
3) She … (live) in Glasgow for 10 years by the time she moved to Edinburgh.
4) They … (drive) for an hour when the car broke down.
5) Jenny was constantly hungry. She … (diet) too severely.
6) Nancy … (invite) him to the party for a whole week before he finally
agreed to come.
7) Anna got a job at the shop last month. She was very glad as she …
(look for) a job since October.
8) Mary fell ill. She … (walk) in the rain.
9) How long … you (rent) a flat before you bought your own apartment?
10) Thomas … (work) on the report for a fortnight before he handed it in.
1) Когда мы познакомились, он только что закончил школу.
2) Ей было холодно, так как она все утро играла с друзьями в снежки
в парке.
3) Он сказал, что давно читает книги этого автора.
4) К тому время, когда лекция началась, все студенты собрались.
5) Элис не было дома, она вышла.
6) Земля была влажной утром, так как ночью шел дождь.
7) Когда мы вышли из дома, дождь уже перестал.
8) Она писала свое сочинение два дня, до того как сдала его.
9) Его волосы были мокрые. Он плавал.
10) Эндрю был счастлив. Он получил эту работу.
Упражнение 52. Переведите предложения на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Progressive:
Упражнение 53. Выберите соответствующий вариант перевода
формы глагола:
1.Во вторник я успешно сдал экзамен по истории.
a) passed
b) had passed
c) was passing
2. Вчера к двум часам я решил 20 тестов по английском языку.
a) did
b) had done
c) had been doing
3. Джон готовился к контрольной работе по физике, когда позвонил
его брат.
a) got ready, called b) had got ready, called
c) was getting ready, called
4.После того как все студенты нашей группы прочитали этот роман
Чарльза Диккенса, мы обсудили его на семинаре.
a) read, discussed
b) had read, discussed
c) read, had discussed
5. Пока мама мыла посуду, я пылесосил.
a) washed up, hoovered b) was washing up,
c) washed up, was hoovering
was hoovering
6.Целую вечность она мечтала о поездке на Кубу, и, наконец, в 1995
году ей удалось посетить эту чудесную страну.
a) dreamt
b) was dreaming
c) had been dreaming
7. Когда я был маленьким, я с удовольствием ходил в школу.
a) went
b) was going
c) had gone
8.Он крепко спал, когда сработала сигнализация на его машине.
a) slept, went off
b) was sleeping, went off c) was sleeping,
was going off
9.Моя сестра прекрасно водила машину уже года два, когда вдруг, к
несчастью, попала в аварию.
a) drove, got
b) was driving, got
c) had been driving, got
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63
THE PAST PERFECT VS THE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Упражнение 51. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple,
Past Perfect, Past Perfect Progressive:
1) Ann spoke English well at the exam. She … (work) hard on it for the
previous few months.
2) I … (be) glad when I … (find) this CD. I … (look for) it everywhere!
3) But I … (not find) my CD-player. Roger … (use) it and … (not give) it
back.
4) We … (walk) for hours and we … (be) dead tired.
5) After Emily … (wash up) she went upstairs.
6) She … (feel) terrible. She … (know) he … (follow) her from her office
home.
7) Robert … (give) her the flowers that he … (buy) at the flower shop for her.
8) Her eyes were red. She … (cry).
9) When the bell … (ring) she already … (finish) making her report.
10) After I … (come) home from work I … (have) lunch and … (start)
working.
10.Едва он вышел из дома, как начался дождь.
a) left, started
b) was leaving, started c) had left, started
Упражнение 54. Поставьте к данным предложениям вопросы указанных типов:
Пример: Ted finished school last year.
- Yes/no: Did Ted finish school last year?
- When: When did Ted finish school?
- Who: Who finished school last year?
- Or: Did Ted finish school last year or two years ago?
- Tag: Ted finished school last year, didn’t he?
1. Leslie was revising the examination material when her mother asked
her to help her with the washing up.
- yes/no
- what
- or
- tag
- why
2. She sent two greeting cards to her relatives the day before yesterday.
- yes/no
- who to
- who
- or
- tag
3. Andrew had been waiting for the bus for 10 minutes when he saw his
friend on the opposite side of the street.
- yes/no
- how long
-where
- tag
- or
4. He had lived in Smolensk before he came to Moscow.
- yes/no
- where
- tag
- or
- who
2. Я решал задачи по математике уже час, когда сестра пришла с
работы.
3. Вчера моя мама проспала, потому что забыла накануне вечером
завести будильник.
4. Утром я почистил зубы, причесался, побрился и пошел на работу.
5. Сара готовила ланч уже минут двадцать, когда ее дети вернулись
из школы.
6. Вчера в половине шестого Том все еще убирал комнату.
7. Как только я помыла посуду, мы пошли гулять.
8. Анжела принимала душ, когда в дверь позвонили.
9. Вчера вечером я остался дома, так как я очень устал.
10.Он уже довольно долго работал в библиотеке, когда он вдруг
вспомнил, что забыл позвонить подруге.
Упражнение 55. В данных предложениях переведите глаголы:
1. В выходные мои друзья добрались домой очень поздно, так как
на улицах были пробки.
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
STUDY SUCCESSFULLY
1. Uncover your own needs. When you fail to understand, say so. Don’t be
ashamed of your ignorance.
2. Ask your teacher. Ask questions in class and outside. But let others
have their chance too!
3. Don’t wait to be told when you need to work.
4. Tell yourself that you can do the work. You are capable more than you
realize.
5. Find a place where you can be quite comfortable.
6. Have everything you will need at hand. Don’t borrow.
7. Discover when you work best. Do your hardest work when your energy
and attention are at their peak.
8. Begin promptly and finish as soon as you can. Doing well does not
depend upon time alone.
9. Get your work done on time. Make out a study schedule for yourself.
10. Use libraries intelligently. Ask librarians to help you. Know the books at
your disposal.
11. Learn how to take notes. Omit unnecessary material.
12. Increase your vocabulary. Listen to people as they use words. Pick up
words from your reading. Own your own dictionary.
13. Read as much as you can for pleasure.
14. Train your memory. Remember that you can always improve your
memory by exercising it.
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15. Be sensible about examinations. Take examinations for what they are
and approach them as calmly as you can.
16. Learn to study something by yourself. Find the pleasure of learning
something new by means of books, people, and the world around you.
17. No one can study all the time. Success in study often results from
achievement in other activities.
18. Study successfully!
(From “18 Keys to Better Work” by Norris Ely Orchard)
КЛЮЧИ К ЗАДАНИЯМ
Тема 1
Упражнение 1
1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c, 5-c, 6-b, 7-a, 8-d, 9-c, 10-a
Упражнение 2
1-j, 2-f, 3-e, 4-h, 5-i, 6-d, 7-c, 8-a, 9-g, 10-b
Упражнение 3
1) an hour
2) ironing
3) wakes
4) lunch break
5) oversleep
6) a late riser
7) tired
8) o’clock
9) an early riser
10) cooks
Упражнение 4
1) at, 2) for, 3) in, 4) after, 5) while, 6) during, 7) from, 8) till, 9) by,
10) about
Упражнение 5
c) 1) -, 2) -, 3) +, 4) -, 5) -, 6) +, 7) -, 8) +, 9) -, 10) -.
Тема 2
Упражнение 6.
1. 1) a
3) b
4. 1) b
3) c
7. 1) a
3) b
10. 1) d
3) b
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2) c
4) d
2) a
4) d
2) d
4) c
2) c
4) a
2. 1) b
3) d
5. 1) b
3) d
8. 1) a
3) b
2) a
4) c
2) c
4) a
2) d
4) c
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3. 1) d
3) b
6. 1) c
3) b
9. 1) b
3) d
2) c
4) a
2) a
4) d
2) a
4) c
Упражнение 7.
Упражнение 7.
1) b
2) c
3) c/d
4) a
5) a
6) c
7) a
8) b
9) c
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
a/c
b/c
c/d
a
c/d
c/d
a
c/d
b
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
b
a
a
c/d
a
c/d
a/c
c/d
a
Упражнение 8.
+ ing
opening
working
doing
seeing
studying
playing
starting
carrying
repairing
crossing
staying
singing
e+ ing
smoking
writing
bathing
dancing
typing
taking
shining
driving
leaving
riding
-ie – y+ing
lying
dying
Двойная согл.+ing
swimming
running
rubbing
shopping
putting
stopping
tipping
Упражнение 9.
a. Идет сильный снег.
b. Не беспокой Элис, она принимает ванну.
c. На этой неделе мы работаем над новым проектом.
d. Ты делаешь что-нибудь (особенное) сегодня вечером?
e. Я все еще учу это трудное стихотворение.
f. Что происходит?
g. Завтра он летит в Нью Йорк.
h. Мы чудесно проводим время.
i. Смотри! Солнце садится.
j. В эти выходные она навещает своих бабушку и дедушку.
Упражнение 10.
1) I am not studying in the library much these days.
Am I studying in the library much these days? / Are you studying in the
library much these days?
2) Nancy is not choosing a dress for the party.
68
Is Nancy choosing a dress for the party?
3) They are not drinking coke.
Are they drinking coke?
4) My friend is not cooking dinner.
Is my friend cooking dinner?
5) My cousins are not playing tag at the playground.
Are my cousins playing tag at the playground?
6) I am not preparing a report in History.
Am I preparing a report in History? / Are you preparing a report in History?
7) The students are not studying the English verb.
Are the students studying the English verb?
8) She is not dancing to the sounds of music.
Is she dancing to the sounds of music?
9) We are not enjoying ourselves at this party.
Are we enjoying ourselves at this party? /Are you enjoying yourselves at
this party?
10) I’m not thinking of studying law next year.
Am I thinking of studying law next year? / Are you thinking of studying law
next year?
Упражнение 11.
1) The boys are playing hockey in the yard.
2) My cat is sleeping near the fireplace.
3) Little Doris is helping her mother to bake a cake.
4) Jim is watching TV now.
5) The birds are singing beautifully in the trees.
6) I am sitting next to the window.
7) My friends and I are doing the morning exercises.
8) Granny is having lunch at the moment.
9) Jeanne is reading a book in the armchair.
10) They are listening to music.
Упражнение 13.
1. think, is washing
2. is wearing, is carrying
3. cook, washes up
4. is having
5. is working
6. takes, eat
7. is raining
69
8. teaches
9. forgets
10. am not watching
Продолжение таблицы
Упражнение 14 .
1. is
2. are you doing
3. hope
4. am writing
5. spend
6. are enjoying
7. is
8. is shining
9. is not raining
10. am sitting
11. am having a drink
13. overlook
14. go
15. swim
16. am learning
17. am doing
18. have
19. go
20. are going out
21. is doing
22. likes
23. are collecting
Упражнение 15.
1) Alice is cooking dinner. She wants to make a vegetable salad and cook
(boil) potatoes.
2) Is it snowing? – No, it is not. – I’d like to go for a walk. – (It’s) a good
idea!
3) It’s 9 o’clock in the morning. Tracy usually gets up at 7, but today she is
still sleeping because it’s her day off.
4) What are you doing tonight? – I’m going to the cinema with my friend.
5) Barbara works in the bank, she likes her job.
6) Your friend looks worried, what is he thinking of?
7) Amy lives in the south of Moscow, but now she is renting a flat in the
center of the city.
8) Right now (at the moment) we are working on module 3. I think we will
finish it soon.
9) They go to work by bus. Now they are waiting for the bus at the bus
stop.
10) Dick is writing his new novel. He tries to write three books a year.
Упражнение 16.
be
do
make
have
see
was /were
did
made
had
saw
70
been
done
made
had
seen
go
drink
eat
leave
bring
read
give
get
come
take
know
keep
put
break
write
went
drank
ate
left
brought
read
gave
got
came
took
knew
kept
put
broke
wrote
gone
drunk
eaten
left
brought
read
given
got
come
taken
known
kept
put
broken
written
Упражнение 17.
1. Я никогда не читал книг Марка Твена.
2. Он уже вернулся с работы?
3. Мы знаем друг друга с тех пор, как мы вместе начали ходить в
школу.
4. Я бы хотел представить тебя Биллу. – Нет необходимости, Роб,
мы встречались / мы знакомы.
5. Всю свою жизнь Джимми хотел быть инженером.
6. Лейла очень рада, что получила хорошую оценку по английскому.
7. Они еще не сделали домашнюю работу.
8. Ты когда-нибудь был в Киеве?
9. Друг Марши позвонил ей и пригласил ее сходить куда-нибудь, поэтому сейчас она красится.
10. Я не видел его сто лет, последнее время он очень занят.
Упражнение 18.
1) We’ve not lived in the country for 10 years.
Have we lived in the country for 10 years?
2) The students have not passed their exams successfully.
Have the students passed their exams successfully?
3) Ted has not just left home.
Has Ted just left home?
71
4) They have not done the shopping.
Have they done the shopping?
5) Leslie has not been to Switzerland.
Has Leslie been to Switzerland?
6) I have not bought presents for my relatives yet.
Have I / you bought presents for my/your relatives yet?
7) My dad has not been an engineer since 1975.
Has my Dad been an engineer since 1975?
8) We have not done many of tasks in French this term.
Have we done many of tasks in French this term?
9) This week I have not visited a lot of my friends.
Have I / you visited a lot of my/your friends?
10) Andy has not prepared dinner.
Has Andy prepared dinner?
Упражнение 19.
1. have learned / learnt
2. has studied
3. have had
4. has moved
5. have been
6. has cleaned
7. have done
8. has made
9. has traveled
10. has known
Упражнение 20.
а)
1) Has Mary ever read “Gone with the Wind”? Yes, she has.
Have you ever read “Gone with the Wind”? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
2) Has Mary ever watched “Notting Hill”? No, she hasn’t.
Have you ever watched “Notting Hill” ? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
3) Has Mary ever been to London? No, she hasn’t.
Have you ever been to London? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
4) Has Mary ever ridden a bike? Yes, she has.
Have you ever ridden a bike? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
5) Has Mary ever visited the Tretjakov Gallery? Yes, she has.
Have you ever visited the Tretjakov Gallery? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
72
6) Has Mary ever caught a big fish? No, she hasn’t.
Have you ever caught a big fish? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
7) Has Mary ever tried Chinese food? Yes, she has.
Have you ever tried Chinese food? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
8) Has Mary ever stayed in a hotel? Yes, she has.
Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
9) Has Mary ever driven a car? No, she hasn’t.
Have you ever driven a car? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
10) Has Mary ever gone snorkeling? Yes, she has.
Have you ever gone snorkeling? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
b)
1. Have you taken your exam in Russian yet? Yes, I have already taken it.
2. Has John graduated from university yet? No, he hasn’t graduated from
university yet.
3. Has your brother finished school? No, he hasn’t finished school yet.
4. Have the children gone to bed yet? Yes, they have already gone to bed.
5. Has Sandra got home yet? No, she hasn’t got home yet.
6. Have Jane’s parents had lunch yet? Yes, they have already had lunch.
7. Has Andrew visited the Museum of Fine Arts? Yes, he has already
visited the museum.
8. Has your sister washed her hair yet? No, she hasn’t washed her hair yet.
9. Have you made a report in history yet? No, I haven’t made it yet.
10. Have they gone out yet? Yes, they have already gone out.
c)
1. since Monday
6. since 1980
2. for a week
7. for ages
3. since 3 o’clock
8. for a long time
4. for 3 hours
9. since yesterday
5. since June
10. for years
d)
1) How long has Anna lived here? She has lived here for 5 years.
2) How long has Teresa been a teacher? She has been a teacher since
1990.
3) How long have your worked at school? I have worked at school for 2
months.
4) How long have you known your best friend? I have known her / him
since childhood.
73
5) How long have they been married? They have been married for 20
years.
6) How long have your parents lived in this house? They have lived here
since 2000.
7) How long has Kim stayed with her friends? She has stayed with them
since she came to town.
8) How long have you known Bob? I’ve known him since last month.
9) How long has he taught at the institute? He has taught at the institute for
3 years.
10) How long has James been ill? He has been ill since Tuesday.
Упражнение 21.
1) John has just waken up but he hasn’t got up yet.
2) Have you cooked breakfast yet?
3) Look, it has stopped raining / the rain has stopped, and the sun is shining.
4) We have been busy since two o’clock, we are discussing our plan for a
week now.
5) Have the students learned to use the Present Perfect yet?
6) They have already done seven exercises.
7) I haven’t seen you for ages! What are you doing? / What do you do?
8) Let’s go, the lesson has already begun, we are late!
9) We’ve missed the train!
10) I am still having a wash, I haven’t finished (it) yet.
Упражнение 22.
а)
1) Я пишу сочинение уже 2 с половиной часа, но оно еще не готово.
2) Всю неделю Пэтси и Мелани готовятся к экзамену по физике.
3) Джордж работает в библиотеке с утра, но он пока не нашел книгу,
которая ему нужна.
4) Мы изучаем математику с тех пор, как мы поступили в университет.
5) Мама устала. Она убирала квартиру.
6) Дождь шел весь день. Давай никуда не пойдем.
7) Этот доцент преподает на нашем факультете уже 5 лет.
8) Я мечтал о том, чтобы поступить на факультет естественных наук
с тех пор, как закончил среднюю школу.
9) Петр занимается вычислениями уже полчаса, но он еще не решил
задачу.
10) Я принимаю ванну уже полчаса. Пора выходить.
74
b)
1) have been studying
2) have been attending
3) Have you been crying?
4) have been missing
5) has been doing
6) has been carrying out
7) has it been snowing, has been snowing
8) have been shopping
9) have been dating
10) What have you been doing?
c)
1) Dirk has not been studying psychology since 2000.
Has Dirk been studying psychology since 2000?
2) We have not been dancing the whole night.
Have we been dancing the whole night?
3) I have not been going sightseeing in Moscow since Monday.
Have you / I been going sightseeing in Moscow since Monday?
4) They have not been staying in for the whole week.
Have they been staying in for the whole week?
5) The authorities have not been developing the construction plan for 3
months.
Have the authorities been developing the construction plan for 3 months?
6) This plant has not been producing machinery for years.
Has this plant been producing machinery for years?
7) My friend has not been visiting the museums in Cuzco this week.
Has my friend been visiting the museums in Cuzco this week?
8) We have not been reading English books in the original for some time
already.
Have we been reading English books in the original for some time already?
9) She has not been taking extra classes in chemistry this term.
Has she been taking extra classes in chemistry this term?
10) Ted has not been studying by correspondence for 2 years.
Has Ted been studying by correspondence for 2 years?
Упражнение 23.
1) How long has Nick been learning English? He has been learning it for
one term.
2) How long have you been revising the words for the quiz? I’ve been
revising the words for the whole day.
75
3) How long has she been studying to pass entrance exams? She’s been
studying for half a year.
4) How long has Ms. Addams been living in this residential area? She’s
been living here since she moved to Moscow.
5) How long have the Browns been staying with their grandparents? They
have been staying with their grandparents since Monday.
6) How long has your mother been watching this Brazilian serial? She has
been watching it since it started on TV.
7) How long have you been learning the words for the topic “School”? I’ve
been learning them for 2 weeks.
8) How long have the students been writing the test in Algebra? They have
been writing it for 20 minutes.
9) How long has it been raining? It has been raining since midnight.
10) How long has Jackson been studying law? He has been studying law
for two and a half years.
Упражнение 24.
a)
1) I have written 30 pages. I have been writing the paper for a week.
2) Jim has been learning a poem since two in the afternoon. He has learned
a half of it.
3) Sandy has taken 2 out of 4 exams. He has been taking them since the
end of the term.
4) Jane has been cooking since morning. She has cooked the vegetable
soup.
5) This postgraduate student has given us 3 lectures. He has been giving us
lectures since the beginning of our second year.
6) I’ve been learning English since I entered university. I have learned 500
English words.
7) I’ve been getting very good marks for my reports in Literature for two
months. I have got three very good marks.
8) Anna has been cleaning her flat for several hours. She has cleaned the
bedroom and the living room.
9) Will has been writing it since October. He has written 50 pages.
10) My sister has done two exercises. She has been doing them for quite a
long time.
b)
1) have been going out, has not asked
2) have been doing / have done
3) haven’t seen
76
4) has been reading, has not got
5) have been holding / has hold
6) have you been studying, have been studying
7) has been cleaning, has tidied
8) have been walking
9) have done
10) have you ever drunk, have
c)
1) We’ve been studying at university for a year.
2) I have always wanted to study sociology.
3) Helen has already had breakfast and now she can go to the institute.
4) We’ve been writing tests in English since we entered the university.
5) How long have you been writing this report in philosophy? I’ve been
writing it for a week but I’ve written only a part of it.
6) How long have you been here?
7) I have never been in Italy! I would like to go there. – Yes, I (can)
understand you, I’ve always been dreaming of going there.
8) My sister has been washing up for 20 minutes already.
9) She has already hoovered the flat and now she is washing the floor in
the kitchen.
10) We’ve been attending the lectures with pleasure for the whole term
and we haven’t missed a lecture yet.
Упражнение 25.
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. b
7. d
8. a
9. b
10. a
11. d
12. c
Упражнение 26.
1.Does Irene study hard for her exams?
How does she study for her exams?
Irene studies hard for her exams, doesn’t she?
77
Who studies hard for her exams?
Does she study hard or badly for her exams?
2) Are we having lunch at the moment?
What are we doing at the moment?
Who is having lunch at the moment?
We are having lunch at the moment, aren’t we?
Are we having lunch or dinner at the moment?
3) Has she been very busy lately?
Why has she been very busy lately?
She has been very busy lately, hasn’t she?
Has she been very busy or free lately ?
4) Have you / I been staying with my/your friends for a week?
With whom have I / you been staying for a week?
How long have you / I been staying with my / your friends?
I have been staying with my friends for a week, haven’t I?
Have you / I been staying with my / your friends for a week or for a day?
Упражнение 27.
1) have wanted
2) have dinner
3) (it) has been raining
4) have been writing
5) am working
6) have (never) flown
7) has been
8) is painting
9) have you washed?
10) works / is working
d)
Учебные
предметы
и науки
Humanities
Psychology
Programming
Drawing
Economics
Глаголы,
Виды отчета
Документы связанные
учащихся
с учебой
Test
Certificate Attend
Paper
Diploma
Teach
Quiz
Record book Graduate
Report
Revise
Composition
Learn
Помещения
Другие
слова
Office
Cloak-room
Gym
Canteen
Library
Education
Fee
Curriculum
Applicant
Rector
Упражнение 29.
с)
1) Why is education very important nowadays?
2) Did they (I / he and my / his friends) leave school in June? They left
school in June, didn’t they?
3) Did they leave school in June or in July?
4) What kind of building is the school?
5) What is there on the ground floor?
6) Why was it convenient for small children to go to school five days a
week?
7) When did the pupils of senior forms attend preliminary courses?
8) When was there a break for lunch?
9) What subjects was he good at?
10) What is the school famous for?
Тема 4.
Упражнение 32.
Тема 3
Упражнение 28.
a)
1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c, 5-d, 6-a, 7-c, 8-b,9-d, 10-a
b)
1-i, 2-j, 3-g, 4-f, 5-b, 6-c, 7-d, 8-h, 9-e, 10-a
c)
1-e, 2-d, 3-f, 4-i, 5-h, 6-a, 7-g, 8-j, 9-b, 10-c
78
1) 1.
2.
3.
4.
4) 1.
2.
3.
4.
a
b
c
d
a
d
b
c
2) 1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d
5) 1. b
2. d
3. c
4. a
79
3) 1. d
2. b
3. c
4. a
Упражнение 33.
a)
run
teach
sing
find
say
sleep
buy
learn
swim
catch
steal
understand
pay
tell
begin
feel
speak
b)
- ed
jumped
laughed
stayed
cooked
enjoyed
kissed
visited
asked
ran
taught
sang
found
said
slept
bought
learnt/learned
swam
caught
stole
understood
paid
told
began
felt
spoke
-d
smoked
hated
liked
loved
changed
baked
Упражнение 34.
1) I was
2) she wasn’t, was
3) they were not, were
4) they were
5) he wasn’t, was
6) he was
7) they were
run
taught
sung
found
said
slept
bought
learnt/learned
swum
caught
stolen
understood
paid
told
begun
felt
spoken
-ied
fried
studied
carried
hurried
tidied
tried
cried
Двойн. Согл. + d
rubbed
hopped
dropped
stopped
patted
banned
sipped
8) he wasn’t, was
9) I was
10) we weren’t, were
Упражнение 35.
a)
1) Where was Liz yesterday? She was at the hairdresser’s.
2) Where were Tom and Alice yesterday? They were at home.
3) Where were they yesterday? They were at the museum.
4) Where were you yesterday? I was at university.
5) Where were Cindy’s parents yesterday? They were at work.
6) Where was Kelly yesterday? She was at the travel agent’s.
7) Where were Bob and Mary yesterday? They were at the theatre.
8) Where was Pamela yesterday? She was in the gym.
9) Where was your uncle yesterday? He was in Berlin.
10) Where were your friends yesterday? They were in the park.
b)
1) Were you at the theatre?
2) Who were you at the theatre with?
3) Were the tickets expensive?
4) How much were they?
5) Were there many people?
6) Was the show good?
7) How long was it?
8) Were the actors good?
9) Why were you late?
10) What was there in the café?
c)
1) am
2) is
3) were
4) is
5) were, were, was
6) are, are
7) is
8) were
9) is, are
10) was, was
f
d
i
h
a
b
c
J
e
g
Упражнение 36.
1) It didn’t rain in Moscow on Monday.
Did it rain in Moscow on Monday?
2) They didn’t really enjoy the concert.
Did they really enjoy the concert?
3) Greg did not do his morning exercises regularly in his youth.
Did Greg do his morning exercises regularly in his youth?
4) During my first year at university I didn’t attend all lectures and seminars.
Did I / you attend all lectures and seminars during my/your first year at
university?
5) Sam didn’t answer well at the seminar.
Did Sam answer well at the seminar?
6) We didn’t meet when we were on holiday.
Did we meet when we were on holiday?
7) My sister didn’t leave for work at quarter to eight in the morning.
Did my sister leave for work at quarter to eight in the morning?
8) My friend didn’t miss the bus and didn’t take a taxi to get there.
Did my friend miss the bus and take a taxi to get there?
9) It didn’t take him 20 minutes to get to work by taxi.
Did it take him 20 minutes to get to work by taxi?
10) The pupils didn’t ask a lot of (many) questions in class.
Did the pupils ask a lot of (many) questions in class?
Упражнение 37.
1) was
2) took, were
3) did not wash up, had
4) went
5) Did you take, passed
6) went out, watched, had
7) started, finished
8) Did you write, didn’t write, wrote
9) bought
10) When did you enter, entered
Упражнение 38.
1) Where did Sheila go yesterday? She went to a restaurant.
2) When did I / you come home the day before? I came home at 12 o’clock.
3) Who did Sarah meet at her office? She met Peter.
82
4) What did Paul buy in the department store? He bought a suit.
5) Who did Tony go out with on Saturday evening? He went out with
Mary.
6) Why didn’t they like the film they watched yesterday? Because it was
boring.
7) Who got a good grade at the lesson? Thomas got a good grade at the
lesson.
8) Who did I / you talk to in the hall? I talked to the teacher.
9) Where did she live? She lived in New York.
10) Who did my / your friends bring to the party? They brought Helen to
the party.
Упражнение 39.
1. left
2. took
3. got off
4. dropped in
5. bought
6. came
7. changed
8. washed
9. cooked
10. made
11. fried
12. had
13. watched
14. washed up
15. worked
16. went out
17. went
18. enjoyed
19. returned
20. fell asleep
Упражнение 40.
a)
1) b
2) c
3) a
83
9) Have you ridden a horse? Yes, I have. Who did you ride with? I rode
with…
10) Have you won a competition? Yes, I have. What kind of competition
did you win? It was a …
4) b
5) c
6) a
7) b
8) a
9) c
10) b
11) c
12) a
b)
1) b
2) a
3) a
4) b
5) a
6) b
7) b
8) b
9) b
10) a
Упражнение 42
A)
1) Has Jack been? has, did (he) stay, stayed
2) has he been, has been, graduated
3)Did you do, did, got, did you buy, bought
4)Has Ellen visited, saw
5) Has Samuel finished, hasn’t, wrote
6) Has Archie received, hasn’t received, did she send, sent
7) have you seen, saw, did you touch, did, fed
8) has written, have you bought, haven’t, saw
9) worked
10) Where have you put, put
B)
1. has redecorated
2. has put
3. has bought
4. painted
5. has had
6. have not decided
7. has got
8. went
9. missed
10. have left
11. have found
12. was
Упражнение 41.
1) Have you been to Germany? Yes, I have. Did you see the castles on the
Maine? Yes, I did / No, I didn’t.
2) Have you seen Fear.com? Yes, I have. Did you like it? Yes, I did / No,
I didn’t.
3) Have you been to France? Yes, I have. When were you there? I was
there …
4) Have you gone to a Japanese restaurant? Yes, I have. Which restaurant
did you go to? I went to …
5) Have you tried Turkish food? Yes, I have. Was it spicy? Yes, it was / No,
it wasn’t.
6) Have you traveled by ship? Yes, I have. Where did you travel (to)? I
went (traveled) to …
7) Have you gone to a tennis game? Yes, I have. Did you enjoy it? Yes, I
did / No, I didn’t.
8) Have you read English books in the original? Yes, I have. What books
did you read last year? I read…
Упражнение 43.
1) Have you ever been to Greece? – Yes, I have. I went there last summer.
2) Has Mary done her homework yet? – No, she has not written the essay
yet, but she has read the text.
3) How long have you known Andrew?- I’ve known him for 5 years, we
met in 1998 when we went to the lessons of Chinese together.
4) We have always wanted to buy a new car as ours is not the most
comfortable (one).
84
85
5) Have you tried Chinese food? – Yes, I have. – Did you like it? – No, not
really.
6) My sister has lived in the country since she got married.
7) When did she go shopping? – She went shopping/did the shopping on
Thursday after work.
8) My dad painted the walls in the kitchen on Monday.
9) Can I see Joe? – He is out/not in, he has just gone out.
10) Greg has washed his car. Look, how shiny it is.
Упражнение 44.
a)
1) Вчера в половине восьмого я пил чай с моей семьей.
2) Пока дети смотрели телевизор, их бабушка и дедушка слушали
радио.
3) Питер и Сью решали задачи с 7 до 9 вечера.
4) Джил разговаривала по телефону, когда профессор начал лекцию.
5) Вчера весь день Тед готовился к экзамену по географии.
b)
1) My cousin was not reading a love story the whole evening yesterday.
Was my cousin reading a love story the whole evening yesterday?
2) The students were not writing a test when the bell rang.
Were the students writing a test when the bell rang?
3) They were not having a break at 12 o’clock.
Were they having a break at 12 o’clock?
4) Brenda was not taking a shower while her niece was playing computer
games.
Was Brenda taking a shower while her niece was playing computer games?
5) He was not doing his homework when his friends arrived.
Was he doing his homework when his friends arrived?
c)
1) was raining
2) were you reading
3) was giving
4) were writing
5) was having
6) was making up
7) was doing
8) were you going
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9) were not sleeping
10) was leaving
Упражнение 45.
1) What was Helen doing at 7.45? She was having breakfast.
2) Where was she going at 8 o’clock? She was going to work.
3) Who was she working with at 10 o’clock? She was working with clients.
4) What was she visiting at 11.45? She was visiting the factory.
5) Who was she having lunch with at 13.30? She was having lunch with a
friend.
6) What was she doing at 4 o’clock? She was holding negotiations with
British Airways
7) What film was she watching at 7 o’clock? She was watching Star Track.
8) Who was she calling at 8 o’clock? She was calling her mother.
9) What programme was she watching at 20.25? She was watching news.
10) What magazine was she reading at 11 o’clock? She was reading Cosmo.
Упражнение 46.
a)
1. saw, was wearing
2. began, was leaving/left
3. did you look, met, were you thinking
4. were having, came
5. was making, were taking, entered
6. was Tim doing, was ironing
7. answered, rang
8. did not notice, were, was cutting
9. saw, was crossing
10. was reading, went off
b)
1. were drawing, went off
2. happened
3. was making, were taking notes.
4. was making, cut
5. came, had, worked
6. was studying, made
7. got
8. got
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9. was taking, decided, didn’t want
10. wrote
c)
1. While I was doing sums my brother was writing an exercise in Russian.
2. Did you have a good time at Alex’s party? – Yes, we were dancing the
whole evening.
3. Yesterday at 3 o’clock Mary was waiting for Peter’s call.
4. When I was translating the text my friend called me.
5. Mr. Jones was going 100 km/hour when the police stopped him.
6. Where were you going when I met you? – I was going to the library to
get ready for an exam.
7. What did you do at the weekend? – Anna and I went to the cinema and
had dinner in a cafe.
8. Nancy was watering the flowers when she suddenly saw that her friend
was coming to her house/block of flats.
9. Did you like the film you saw yesterday? – Yes, it was very interesting.
10. My sister was learning English from 8 till 9 in the evening.
Упражнение 47.
a)
1) Мы уже вышли из квартиры, когда начал звонить телефон.
2) Вчера к 7 часам я закончил печатать доклад.
3) Он женился к 20 годам.
4) До того как они пошли на площадь Парламента, они посетили Вестминстерское Аббатство.
5) Как только Анжела закончила институт, она нашла хорошую работу в туристической компании.
b)
1) It had not snowed heavily.
Had it snowed heavily?
2) She had not slept badly that night.
Had she slept badly that night?
3) Debbie had not won the lottery.
Had Debbie won the lottery?
4) She had not forgotten to take her keys.
Had she forgotten to take her keys?
5) We had not seen a horror film.
Had we seen a horror film?
88
c)
1) had failed
2) had bought
3) had already begun
4) had gone out
5) had revised
6) had moved
7) had written
8) had prepared
9) had walked
10) had watched
Упражнение 48.
1) By the time Kate was 7 she had started school.
By the time I was 7 I had (not )started school.
2) By the time Kate was 7 she had learned / learnt to swim.
By the time I was 7 I had (not) learnt / learned to swim.
3) By the time Kate was 7 she had traveled by underground.
By the time I was 7 I had (not) traveled by underground.
4) By the time Kate was 7 she had not read a lot of books.
By the time I was 7 I had (not) read a lot of books.
5) By the time Kate was 7 she had not driven a car.
By the time I was 7 I had (not) driven a car.
6) By the time Kate was 7 she had learnt / learned to count.
By the time I was 7 I had (not) learned / leant to count.
7) By the time Kate was 7 she had not seen many films.
By the time I was 7 I had (not) seen many films.
8) By the time Kate was 7 she had not gone to Europe.
By the time I was 7 I had (not) gone to Europe.
9) By the time Kate was 7 she had started taking drawing classes.
By the time I was 7 I had (not) started taking drawing classes.
10) By the time Kate was 7 she had not learnt / learned to ride a bike.
By the time I was 7 I had (not) learnt / learned to ride a bike.
Упражнение 49.
1) After they had missed a lot of classes they worked hard.
2) As soon as Anna had cooked lunch her family sat down to enjoy the
meal.
3) Before he passed his exam he had failed it twice.
89
4) By the time Dad came home from work Mum had cooked dinner and
cleaned the flat.
5) Jane had lived in the country before she moved to the city.
6) When she had entered college she began to study languages.
7) After Alfred had done the ironing and (had) fed the dog he went shopping.
8)As soon as we had had breakfast we started for the institute.
9) By the time the dean arrived the meeting had started.
10)When they came to the institute the class had begun.
Упражнение 50.
a)
1) Мы повторяли материал в течение нескольких уроков, перед тем
как мы написали заключительную контрольную на слова.
2) У ребенка было испачкано лицо. Она ела конфеты.
3) Дождь шел уже неделю, когда вдруг наступила засуха.
4) Мои друзья жили у меня некоторое время до того, как они
сняли хорошую квартиру.
5) Ему удалось сдать блестящее сочинение. Он долго над ним
работал
b)
1) He had not been reading a book for an hour.
Had he been reading a book for an hour?
2) It had not been drizzling the whole night.
Had it been drizzling the whole night?
3) We had not been walking in the park for 2 hours.
Had we been walking in the park for 2 hours?
4) Cathy had not been watching her children playing for some time.
Had Cathy been watching her children playing for some time?
5) Bernie had not been asking a lot of questions.
Had Bernie been asking a lot of questions?
c)
1) had been working
2) had you been learning
3) had been living
4) had been driving
5) had been dieting
6) had been inviting
7) had been looking for
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8) had been walking
9) had you been renting
10) had been working
Упражнение 51.
1) had been working
2) was, found / had found, had been looking for
3) didn’t find/ hadn’t found, had been using, had not given
4) had been walking, were
5) had washed up
6) felt, knew, had been following / had followed
7) gave, had bought
8) had been crying
9) rang, had finished
10) had come, had, started
Упражнение 52.
1) When we met he had just finished school.
2) She was cold as she had been playing snowballs with her friends in the
park the whole morning.
3) He said he had been reading books by this author for a long time.
4) By the time the lecture started, all students had gathered (for it).
5) Alice wasn’t at home, she had gone out.
6) The ground was wet in the morning, as it had been raining at night.
7) When we left home it had already stopped raining.
8) She had been writing her composition for two days before she handed it in.
9) His hair was wet. He had been swimming.
10) Andrew was happy. He had got this job.
Упражнение 53
1. a
2. b
6. c
7. a
3. c
8. b
4. b
9. c
5. b
10. c
Упражнение 54.
1. Was Leslie revising the examination material?
What was Leslie doing? / What was Leslie revising?
Was Leslie revising the examination material or the words?
Leslie was revising the examination material, wasn’t he?
Why was Leslie revising the examination material?
91
2. Did she send two greeting cards to her relatives the day before yesterday?
Who did she send two greeting cards to?
Who sent two greeting cards the day before yesterday?
Did she send two or three greeting cards?
She sent two greeting cards to her relatives the day before yesterday,
didn’t she?
3. Had Andrew been waiting for the bus for 10 minutes…?
How long had Andrew been waiting for the bus …?
Where had Andrew been waiting for the bus …?
Andrew had been waiting for the bus for 10 minutes…, hadn’t he?
Had Andrew been waiting for the bus or for the tram for 10 minutes…?
4. Had he lived in Smolensk before he came to Moscow?
Where had he lived before he came to Moscow?
He had lived in Smolensk before he came to Moscow, hadn’t he?
Had he lived in Smolensk or in Kiev before he came to Moscow?
Who had lived in Smolensk before he came to Moscow?
Упражнение 55.
1. got home
2. had been doing sums, came
3. overslept, had forgotten
4. brushed my teeth, combed my hair, had a shave and went to work
5. had been cooking, returned
6. was tidying
7. had washed up, went for a walk
8. was taking a shower
9. stayed
10. had been working, remembered, had forgotten
92
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
I. Выберите соответствующий вариант формы глагола:
1) Я живу в Москве уже 3 года.
a) live
b) am living
c) have been living
2) Сейчас я читаю роман Виктора Гюго.
a) read
b) am reading
c) have been reading
3) Майк с удовольствием занимается плаванием.
a) goes in for
b) is going in for c) has gone in for
1) Мы сдали контрольные работы и теперь ждем оценок учителя.
a) hand in
b) are handing in c) have handed in
2) На последних уроках английского языка мы повторяли слова по
теме «Город», так как завтра мы пишем контрольную.
a) revise
b) are revising
c) have been revising
3) Вы когда-нибудь были в Твери?
a) are
b) have been
с) were
4) Мой друг сейчас живет в Петербурге.
a) lives
b) is living
c) has been living
5) Не мешай, я же разговариваю по телефону.
a) talk
b) am talking
c) have been talking
6) Он тренируется три раза в неделю.
a) practices
b) is practicing
c) has practiced
7) Сегодня мы посетили самые известные достопримечательности
Москвы, а теперь мы идем в театр.
a) visit
b) are visiting
c) have visited
II. Выберите соответствующий вариант формы глагола:
1. Он учился на дневном отделении, до того как нашел работу.
a) studied
b) was studying c) had studied
2. Что ты делал вчера в 6 часов? Я звонил тебе, но у тебя все время
было занято.
a) did you do
b) were you doing c) had been doing
3. Они писали контрольную уже 30 минут, когда учитель вышел из
класса.
a) wrote
b) were writing
c) had been writing
4. Когда ты сдал эссе?
a) have you handed in b) did you hand in c) had you handed in
5. Пока я смотрела фильм, моя племянница играла в куклы.
a) watched
b) was watching c) had been watching
93
6. Как только мы закончили институт, мы поехали в путешествие за
границу.
a) graduated
b) were graduating c) had graduated
7. Дождь шел уже несколько дней подряд, и на улицах было грязно.
a) rained
b) was raining
c) had been raining
8. Я была очень рада, что он приехал.
a) came
b) was coming
c) had come
9. К пяти часам вечера мы перевели 3 статьи.
a) translated
b) were translating c) had translated
10. Ты вчера был в институте?
a) was
b) were
c) did
III. В следующих предложениях переведите формы глагола:
1. Она уже вернулась с работы? – Нет еще. Обычно она приходит
часов в 6.
2. Тебе нравятся книги Дж. Гришема? – Да, сейчас я как раз читаю
одну из них. – Давно ты читаешь этот роман? – Да, я уже почти прочитала
эту книгу.
3. Вчера, когда я шел в театр, я встретил своего старого друга, которого я не видел сто лет.
4. Ты когда-нибудь был в Ирландии? – Да. – Когда ты туда ездил? –
В прошлом году.
5. Я переписывался с этим мальчиком из Англии уже два года, когда
он, наконец, приехал в Москву ко мне в гости.
6. Как правило он ездит на работу на автобусе, но сегодня он проспал, поэтому он едет на работу на такси.
7. Утром я встал, умылся, принял душ, позавтракал и отправился на
работу.
8. Моя сестра живет в Германии уже 3 года. В 1999 году она вышла
замуж и с тех пор не приезжала в Россию.
9. Он хочет перевестись сразу на 2 курс института, так как он уже
закончил колледж в Петербурге.
10. Он учился в институте уже 3 года, когда вдруг решил бросить
институт. К тому времени он работал уже несколько месяцев.
IV. Какое слово из правого столбика соответствует определению из
левого столбика?
1) testing of skill, knowledge, strength, etc.
a) washing
2) pay a casual visit
b) drop in
3) interval (in space of time)
c) tidy
4) mark
d) relax
94
5) washing the dishes
6) say or do again
7) examination of smth. to find its quality, value, etc.
8) money from a government
9) recreation
10) piece of writing or music
e) go out
f) grant
g) competition
h) repeat
i) test
j) revise
k) composition
l) break
m) report
n) washing-up
o) grade
V. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
1) Ты вчера поздно лег спать?
2) Он не лег спать, пока не дочитал книгу до конца.
3) Моя подруга моет голову каждый день.
4) Посмотри, что там делает Мэри, она моет посуду уже полтора
часа.
5) В этом году в наш университет поступило гораздо больше молодых людей.
6) С каждым годом значение самообразования все возрастает.
7) Какие предметы ты изучил в первом семестре?
8) В прошлом году мы занимались на подготовительных курсах.
9) Сколько времени вы уже учитесь в университете?
10) Где вы работали до того, как поступили в университет?
95
Тема 1. Лексика:
MY WORKDAY
Литература:
S. Redman. “English Vocabulary in Use”. Pre-intermediate & Intermediate.
– Cambridge University Press, 2001. Units 118- 120
McCarthy & O’Dell “English Vocabulary in Use”. Upper-intermediate
Cambridge University Press, 2002. (3) Units 33, 48, 90
Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. – С.-П.: КАРО,
2002. Упр. 15-24, 42, 145-151
Тема 2. Грамматика:
Настоящие времена в действительном залоге
Система времен глагола в действительном залоге настоящего
времени (Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous)
Литература:
Клементьева Т.Б. Повторяем времена английского глагола. – М.: РА
«СОРЕК», 1993. Раздел 1, стр. 17 - 46
Настоящее длительное время
Литература:
R.Murphy. “Essential Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Units 3, 4, 26, 27
R. Murphy. “English Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Units 1, 3, 4, 19, 20
Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка, М.:ЮНВЕС, 1995. §§ 20 – 22, стр. 126 - 129
Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. – С.-П.: КАРО,
2002. Упр. 165-167, 173-181
Настоящее совершенное время
Литература:
R.Murphy. “Essential Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Units 15-18
R. Murphy. “English Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Units 7,8
Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка, М.:ЮНВЕС, 1995§§32 – 39, стр. 138 - 144
Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. – С.-П.: КАРО,
2002. Упр. 221-225
Настоящее совершенное длительное время
Литература:
R. Murphy. “English Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Units 9, 10, 12
Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка, М.:ЮНВЕС, 1995. §§ 51 – 56 ,стр. 153 - 156
Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. – С.-П.: КАРО,
2002. Упр. 252-255
Тема 3. Лексика:
Education. My studies
Литература:
S. Redman. “English Vocabulary in Use”. Pre-intermediate & Intermediate.
– Cambridge University Press, 2001. Units 78, 79
Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. – С.-П.: КАРО,
2002. Упр. 28, 29, 39
Тема 4. Грамматика:
Прошедшие времена в действительном залоге
Система времен глагола в действительном залоге прошедшего
времени (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous).
Литература:
Клементьева Т.Б. Повторяем времена английского глагола. – М.: РА
«СОРЕК», 1993. Раздел 2, стр. 49 - 73
Прошедшее простое время
Литература:
R.Murphy. “Essential Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Unit 20,
R. Murphy. “English Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Units 5, 13, 14
Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка, М.:ЮНВЕС, 1995. §§ 13 – 14, стр. 120 - 122
Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. – С.-П.: КАРО,
2002. Упр. 160, 161, 192-203, 226-230
Прошедшее длительное время
Литература:
R.Murphy. “Essential Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Units 13, 14
R. Murphy. “English Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Unit 6
Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка, М.:ЮНВЕС, 1995. §§ 23 – 25, стр. 129 - 133.
96
97
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. – С.-П.: КАРО,
2002. Упр. 206-220, 232
Прошедшее совершенное время
Литература:
R. Murphy. “English Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Unit 15
Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка, М.:ЮНВЕС, 1995. §§ 39 – 45, стр. 144 - 149
Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. – С.-П.: КАРО,
2002. Упр. 233-250
Прошедшее совершенное длительное время
Литература:
R. Murphy. “English Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Unit 16
Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка, М.:ЮНВЕС, 1995. §§ 56 – 58 ,стр. 157 - 159
R. Murphy. “English Grammar in Use”. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Appendix 2
Клементьева Т.Б. Повторяем времена английского глагола. – М.: РА
«СОРЕК», 1993. Раздел 3, стр. 76 - 101
Ирина Николаевна Мороз
Ольга Александровна Горбачева
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Модуль 3
“Daily life”
Рабочий учебник. М.: РосНОУ, 2005. 99 с.
Компьютерная верстка И.Ю. Сугробовой
ЛР № 065341 от 12.08.1997 г.
Оригинал-макет подписан к печати
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Отпечатано в ГУП «Коломенская типография».
140400, г. Коломна, Моск. обл., ул. III Интернационала, 2а.
Лицензия код 222 серя ПД № 00317 от 1.02.2000 г.
98
РОССИЙСКИЙ
НОВЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
00.0046.03.01
И.Н. МОРОЗ
О.А. ГОРБАЧЕВА
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
МОДУЛЬ 3
“DAILY LIFE”
МОСКВА
2005