эмоция страха как одно из средств языковой манипуляции

STUDIA ROSSICA POSNANIENSIA, vol. XXXV: 2010, pp. 145-155. 978-83-232-2247-7. ISSN 0081-6884.
Adam Mickiewicz University Press, PoznaĔ
ɗɆɈɐɂə ɋɌɊȺɏȺ
ɄȺɄ ɈȾɇɈ ɂɁ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼ əɁɕɄɈȼɈɃ ɆȺɇɂɉɍɅəɐɂɂ
(ɇȺ ɉɊɂɆȿɊȺɏ ɌȿɄɋɌɈȼ ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɈɃ ɊɍɋɋɄɈɃ ɉɊȿɋɋɕ)
EMOTION OF FEAR AS ONE OF MEANS OF LINGUISTIC MANIPULATION
(ON THE EXAMPLE OF PRESENT-DAY RUSSIAN NEWSPAPER TEXTS)
ɅɍɄȺɒ ɆȺɅɗɐɄɂ
ABSTRACT. Changes in political and social life, determined by the influence of mass-media,
create a large space for manipulation. The purpose of the paper was to analyze texts that contain
and perform persuasive (manipulation) function. The author presents one kind of persuasion
which is based on the influence of emotions – first of all the influence of fear. The relation
between the emotion of fear and language manipulation has been exemplified on publicistic texts.
Łukasz Małecki, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, PoznaĔ – Polska.
ɗɦɨɰɢɢ – ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɫɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ȼ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɦ
ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɭɲɢ. ɋɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɚ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨɥɩɵ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ „ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ” ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɢɯ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ.
Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɠɢɜɵɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ1. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ: ɫ ɢɯ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ,
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɹɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɣ (ɧɚɩɪ., ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ
– ɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɟɬ, ɢɥɢ ɚɬɚɤɭɟɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ). ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ. ɑɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ________________
1
2001.
ɑ. Ⱦ ɚ ɪ ɜ ɢ ɧ, Ɉ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
Ʌ. Ɇ ɚ ɥ ɷ ɰ ɤ ɢ
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ɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɤ ɱɟɦɭ- ɢɥɢ ɤ ɤɨɦɭ-ɥɢɛɨ (ɤ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɥɸɞɹɦ,
ɤ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.)2. əɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɢ
ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ3. Ʉɚɤ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ȿ.ɉ. ɂɥɶɢɧ,
ɷɦɨɰɢɢ – ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ) ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɡɚɛɥɚɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ4.
ȼɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ, ɩɚɪɚɮɪɚɡɢɪɭɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ȼ.ɂ. ɒɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ5.
ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɚ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɠɟɫɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ.
əɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɹɡɵɤ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ
ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ. əɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɷɦɨɰɢɣ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ, ɷɦɨɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ, ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ȼ. Ƚɞɨɜɫɤɚ, „ɫɥɨɜɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ – ɨɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ, ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɷɦɨɰɢɸ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ”6.
əɡɵɤ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ
ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɚɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ7. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɭɸ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɸ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ8. ȼ ɧɵ________________
2
ȿ.ɉ. ɂ ɥ ɶ ɢ ɧ, ɗɦɨɰɢɢ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2001, ɫ. 49.
Ɇ.ɋ. Ʌ ɟ ɛ ɟ ɞ ɢ ɧ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ȼ.ɇ. Ɇ ɹ ɫ ɢ ɳ ɟ ɜ, ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɸ, Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ 1966, ɫ. 222.
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ȿ.ɉ. ɂ ɥ ɶ ɢ ɧ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 50–51.
5
ȼ.ɂ. ɒ ɚ ɯ ɨ ɜ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ɗɦɨɰɢɢ – ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ,
„ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ” 2006, ʋ 4, c. 64.
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Ȼ. Ƚ ɞ ɨ ɜ ɫ ɤ ɚ, əɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ: ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɥɢɪɢɤɢ
Ⱥ.ɋ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɷɬɨɜ XX ɜɟɤɚ, ɉɨɡɧɚɧɶ 2006, ɫ. 26.
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Ɇ.ɇ. ȼ ɨ ɥ ɨ ɞ ɢ ɧ ɚ, əɡɵɤ ɋɆɂ – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ
ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, [ɜ:] http://genhis.philol.msu.ru/article_262.shtml (31.08.2009).
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Tɚɦ ɠɟ.
3
ɗɦɨɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ…
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ɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɚ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ɇɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɤɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ, ɋɆɂ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɫɬɪɨɣ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ.
ɋ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ. Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɷɬɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ
ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɟɥɢ ɛɵ
ɫɟɛɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ, ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɦ – ɚ ɨɬɫɸɞɚ ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɚ ɤ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ9.
ɋɚɦɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ „ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹ” ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɪɧɟɦ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ manus ‘ɪɭɤɚ’
(manipulus ‘ɩɪɢɝɨɪɲɧɹ, ɝɨɪɫɬɶ’, ɨɬ manus ɢ ple ‘ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ’). ȼ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɧɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨ ‘ɥɨɜɤɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ’. ɋɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɟɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ – ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɣ
ɢ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɫɫ, ɢɯ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ10. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɷɬɨ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɮɚɤɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ „ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹ” ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
„ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɚ”, „ɭɝɨɜɨɪɵ”11.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɭ, ɝɧɟɜɭ, ɧɟɧɚɜɢɫɬɢ.
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɵ ɢ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɭ,
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɡɥɢɬɶ, ɡɚɩɭɝɚɬɶ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ12. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ – ɤɚɤ ɢɝɪɵ ɧɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɯ.
ɋɬɪɚɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɧɟɧɢɟɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɡɞɪɚɜɵɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ „ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɧɚ
ɷɦɨɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɯ” ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜ – ɨɞɧɢ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ
ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
________________
9
ɇ.ɇ. Ȼ ɨ ɥ ɵ ɲ ɟ ɜ ɚ, əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, [ɜ:] http://www.rusnauka.com/PRNIT/Politologia/bolysheva%20n.n.
doc.htm (20.08.2009).
10
J. W a r c h a ł a, Horyzonty manipulacji: perswazja, manipulacja, interpretacja,
[ɜ:] Manipulacja w jĊzyku, Lublin 2004, c. 41–59.
11
Tɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 43.
12
E. L a s k o w s k a, Emotywizacja jako Ğrodek perswazji, [ɜ:] Manipulacja w jĊzyku,
ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., c. 81–82.
Ʌ. Ɇ ɚ ɥ ɷ ɰ ɤ ɢ
148
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɢ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ
ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɡɚɦɢ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɨɦ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɛ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɜ ɬɨɣ
ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɭɦɨɦ, ɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ,
ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜ, ɮɨɛɢɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɬɨɥɩɵ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɡɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ,
ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ,
ɬɨɥɤɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɟɫɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɂ. Ɏɪɟɣɞ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ – ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɦɚɫɫɵ – ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɛɟɡɨɬɱɟɬɧɨ, ɧɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɭɝɚ, ɩɚɧɢɤɢ, ɭɠɚɫɚ
ɢ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɢɫɬɟɪɢɢ13.
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɯ – ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɹɯ. ɗɬɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɚ.
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɦɢɪɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ
„ɩɚɪɚɧɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ”14.
ɋɬɪɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɣ, ɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɭɸ ɨɩɨɪɭ,
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɭɝɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɢ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ XXI ɜɟɤɚ15. ɇɨ
ɟɫɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɱɟɪɬɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ „ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ” ɫɬɪɚɯɚ. ɇɚɞɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɟɳɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɳɭɳɚɥɨ ɫɬɪɚɯ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɟɪɟɞ
Ȼɨɝɨɦ ɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ (ɧɚɩɪ. ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ – ɞɢɤɬɚɬɭɪɚ ɋɬɚɥɢɧɚ), ɬɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɫɬɪɚɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɭɸ ɥɟɩɬɭ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɡɚɩɭɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ
(ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ) ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɬɪɚɯ
ɢ ɜɜɟɪɝɚɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɰɟɥɵɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɫɬɪɚɯ – ɨɱɟɧɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ⱦ. Ʉɢɧɚ, ɬɚɤɨɟ „ɛɟɫɩɪɟɫɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ
ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɟ”16 ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɧ ɞ ɭ ɫ ɬ ɪ ɢ ɸ ɫ ɬ ɪ ɚ ɯ ɚ.
________________
13
Z. F r e u d, Psychoanaliza, Warszawa 1989, c. 101.
Ⱦ. Ʉ ɢ ɧ, ɋɬɪɚɯ ɢ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɹ, [ɜ:] http://www.ruthenia.ru/logos/number/42/11.
pdf (28.06.2009)
15
ɍ. Ȼ ɟ ɤ, Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2000, ɫ. 60.
16
Tɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 20.
14
ɗɦɨɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ…
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ȼ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɢ ɭɠɚɫɚ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɸ, ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɝɚɡɟɬɚɦ. ɇɟɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ
ɤɚɤ-ɛɭɞɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ɋɥɨɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɷɦɨɰɢɣ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜ, ɧɚɞɟɠɞ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɣ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ, ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɧɵɦ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɱɢɦ, ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ ɝɚɡɟɬ, ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ, ɫɬɪɚɯ,
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɠɚɫɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɸɞɟɣ,
ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ („ɢɝɪɵ
ɧɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɯ”) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ „ɫɜɨɢɯ” ɢ „ɱɭɠɢɯ”, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɚɡɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɋɒȺ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɦɢ
ɨɛɡɨɪ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
(ɩɨɯɨɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ) ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɋɒȺ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɂɚɩɚɞ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ, ɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ:
– ɋɒȺ – ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɧɟɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ17.
– ȼɚɲɢɧɝɬɨɧ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɥ ɝɥɚɡ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɧɟɞɪɚ18.
– ɇɚɱɚɬɶ ɜɪɚɠɞɟɛɧɭɸ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ19.
– ȼɫɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɡɵɪɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɵ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɜɵɛɢɬɶ ɟɣ ɢɡ ɪɭɤ 20.
– ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɋɒȺ ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɦ ɧɟ
ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ21.
– ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɪɚɡɨɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, ɚ ɧɚɲɢ „ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɵ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ” – ɡɚɹɜɢɥ ɉɭɬɢɧ22.
– ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɚɥɶɹɧɫɚ [ɇȺɌɈ], ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ 23.
– ɇȺɌɈ ɩɨɞɫɬɭɩɢɥɨ ɤ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦ 24.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɋɒȺ ɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɨɬɨɞɜɢɝɚɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ, ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɚɡɟɬɚɯ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɩɟɫɫɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ:
– ɋɒȺ ɧɚɩɚɞɭɬ ɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɯ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ 25.
________________
17
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/06/05/02/3479/235487.html
http://www.vz.ru/politics/2007/7/19/95207.html
19
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/05/09/02/3453/235690.html
20
http://www.kp.ru/daily/23876/65065/
21
http://religion.ng.ru/facts/2006-11-01/1_test.html
22
http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/28/putin-klaus.html
23
http://www.rg.ru/2007/07/16/dovse.html
24
http://inopressa.tomsk.ru/blog/full-1215.html?print=1
25
http://www.vz.ru/politics/2007/7/19/95207.html
18
Ʌ. Ɇ ɚ ɥ ɷ ɰ ɤ ɢ
150
– ɇɚ ɞɧɹɯ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɵ ɝɚɞɚɥɢ, ɧɚɩɚɞɭɬ ɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 10 ɥɟɬ ɋɒȺ ɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ.
ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɪɟɲɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɩɚɞɭɬ 26.
– ȼɨɣɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɢ ɋɒȺ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ 10–15 ɥɟɬ27.
– ɋɒȺ ɪɚɡɜɹɠɭɬ ɜɨɣɧɭ ɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ28.
ɋɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɢ ɜɪɟɦeɧ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ
ɜɨɣɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɲɟɧɢɹ
ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ
(ɉɊɈ). Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɉɊɈ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɋɆɂ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɪɚɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɰɢɭɦɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɉɊɈ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɚ ɋɒȺ ɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɚ.
ȼ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɉɊɈ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ, ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ Bɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ
ɜɨɣɧɵ ɢ ɤɪɚɯɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɡɦɚ, ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ:
– Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɺɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɉɊɈ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ „ɢɥɥɸɡɢɸ ɛɟɡɧɚɤɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ” ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ29.
– ɉɊɈ – „Ȼɟɪɥɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ”, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚɹ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ȿɜɪɨɩɭ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɥɚɝɟɪɹ30.
– ɉɊɈ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ
ɫɢɥ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɟ ɢ ɦɢɪɟ31.
ɇɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɉɊɈ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɫɢɥ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɱɪɟɜɚɬɨ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ:
– ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɺɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɊɈ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ32.
– ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɚɤɟɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɢɥ
ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ33.
– ɉɊɈ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɢ ɜɟɞɺɬ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɡɨɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ34.
– Ɋɚɡɜɺɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɊɈ ɋɒȺ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɭɧɞɚ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɝɨɧɤɢ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ 35.
– ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɚɤɟɬɧɚɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɲɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ; ɨɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɨɦ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɭɞɚɪɚɦɢ36.
________________
26
Tɚɦ ɠɟ.
Tɚɦ ɠɟ.
28
http://www.vz.ru/politics/2007/7/19/95207.html
29
http://www.rg.ru/2007/05/04/balyevskii.html
30
http://www.rg.ru/2007/05/04/balyevskii.html
31
http://www.inosmi.ru/translation/234764
32
http://www.rg.ru/2007/05/04/balyevskii.html
33
http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/12/pro.html
34
http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/12/pro.html
35
http://www.rg.ru/2007/05/04/balyevskii.html
36
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/05/09/02/3453/235690.html
27
ɗɦɨɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ…
151
– ɋɒȺ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟ „ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ” ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ37.
– ɐɟɥɶ ɋɒȺ – ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɨɣ38.
ɇɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ
ɉɊɈ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɢɬɟɬɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȼɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɭɫɩɨɤɚɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɜ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɥɫɹ, ɹɪɤɢɦ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
ɱɟɝɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɧɢɠɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ:
– Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ [...] ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɬ „ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɵ”39.
– Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɢɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ40.
– Ɂɚɩɚɞ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɵɜɲɟɦ ɋɋɋɊ41.
– ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɚɤɟɬɧɚɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɚ ɋɒȺ ɭ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ! 42.
– ɇɨɜɚɹ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɉɊɈ [...] ɭɝɪɨɠɚɟɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ43.
– ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɉɊɈ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɵ ɜɫɟɰɟɥɨ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ44.
– Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɊɈ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɞɥɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ45.
– Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɺɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɊɈ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɋɒȺ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ „ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɟɪɧɢɤɚ” 46.
– ȼɚɲɢɧɝɬɨɧ ɩɭɝɚɟɬ Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ ɉɊɈ47.
– Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɉɊɈ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ48.
– ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɣɤɨɦ ɢ ɜɧɟ ɪɚɦɨɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ49.
– ɉɊɈ [...] ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɋɒȺ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɩɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ50.
– ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ (ɜ ɋɒȺ) ɩɪɹɦɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ
ɫɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ51.
________________
37
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/07/05/15/3512/235133.html
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/07/05/15/3512/235133.html
39
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/01/05/29/2996/236135.html
40
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/06/01/03/3471/234821.html
41
http://www.rian.ru/world/europa/20070606/66806789.html
42
http://www.rg.ru/2007/05/04/balyevskii.html
43
http://www.subscribe.ru/archive/media.news.online.inosmi/200706/12090515.html
44
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/05/09/02/3453/234928.html
45
http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/12/pro.html
46
http://www.vz.ru/politics/2007/7/19/95207.html
47
http://www.ng.ru/politics/2007-04-26/3_kartblansh.html
48
http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/25/baluevskiy.html
49
http://nvo.ng.ru/wars/2006-09-01///2_newrockets.html
50
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/05/09/02/3453/234928.html
51
http://www.vz.ru/politics/2007/7/19/95207.html
38
Ʌ. Ɇ ɚ ɥ ɷ ɰ ɤ ɢ
152
– Ɉɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɉɊɈ ɋɒȺ ɜ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ52.
ɉɊɈ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ.
ȼ ɋɆɂ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɠɚɫɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ,
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɉɊɈ:
– Ȼɟɫɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɋɒȺ53.
– ɋɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ (Ɂɚɩɚɞɚ) ɜɡɹɬɶ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɥɶ54.
– ɉɊɈ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ „ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ” Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɧɚɞ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɨɣ ɢ ɟɳɺ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɥɭ55.
– ɇɚɲ (ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ) ɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɜɫɺ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɚɲɟɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɚɫ
ɨɤɪɭɠɢɦ, ɛɭɞɶɬɟ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵ56.
– ɋɬɪɚɯɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ Ɂɚɩɚɞɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɥɢɫɶ57.
– ɉɊɈ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɬ ɧɚɲɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɭ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɤɨɥɶɰɨ58.
– Ⱥ ɜɨɬ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ ɢ ɧɚɲ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨ-ɹɞɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɉɊɈ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ!59.
– Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ „ɝɥɚɡ” ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɭ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɟɜ ɟɳɺ ɢ ɜ Ƚɪɭɡɢɢ, ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɲɩɢɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɸɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ60.
– Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɬ ɧɚɫ ɪɚɤɟɬɚɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɤɨɥɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɞɜɨɥɶ ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɢɬɶ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ61.
– Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ [...] ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɒɬɚɬɚɦɢ62.
– ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɸ, ɬɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɩɨɩɚɞɺɬ
ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚ ɜɫɸ ɫɜɨɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ63.
ɉɟɪɟɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ ɋɒȺ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɩɭɝɚɸɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ. Ɏɚɤɬɨɪ ɫɢɥɵ, ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɳɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥɚ, ɨɩɹɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ. ɋɬɪɚɧɵ, ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɨɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɛɚɪɪɢɤɚɞɵ, ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɤɨɧɮɪɨɧɬɚɰɢɢ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɢɞɟɬ – ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɟɭɦɵɟ ɧɢɤɟɦ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɡɧɚɦɟɧɭɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɋɆɂ, ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɧɨɜɨɣ „ɝɨɧɤɢ
________________
52
http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/25/baluevskiy.html
http://www.rg.ru/2007/05/04/balyevskii.html
54
http://vz.ru/politics/2007/6/14/88017.html
55
http://www.subscribe.ru/archive/media.news.online.inosmi/200706/12090515.html
56
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/07/04/25/3510/233011.html
57
http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/01/05/29/2996/235558.html
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http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/25/baluevskiy.html
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http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/28/putin-klaus.html
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http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/25/balyevskii.html
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http://www.rg.ru/2007/06/15/gonka.html
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http://www.inosmi.ru/stories/07/05/15/3512/235133.html
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http://www.subscribe.ru/archive/medi.news.online.inosmi/200706/12090515.html
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ɗɦɨɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ…
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ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ”, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɬɚɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɵ (ɧɚɩɪ., „ɡɥɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɚɥɬɵ”) „ɞɪɭɠɚɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ
Ɋɨɫɢɢɢ”64, ɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɪɟɧɟ
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ – „ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɨɫɶ”65, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ „[...] ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɚɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɬɚɬɶ
ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ”66.
ɇɟ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɋɆɂ, „[...] ɧɚ «ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ
ɜɚɠɧɨɦ» ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɋɇȽ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɠɞɭɬ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɢ”67. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, „[...] ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɠɢɜɺɬ ɜ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɢ ɛɟɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɜɚɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɨɬɤɭɞɚ”68.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɡ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɚɡɟɬ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɹɞɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ. ȼ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ
ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɟɡɞɟ ɜɟɟɬ ɡɥɨɛɨɣ, ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ, ɭɝɪɨɡɚɦɢ. ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧɢɧ ɜɟɪɢɬ ɩɨɪɨɣ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɧɟɥɟɩɵɦ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ, ɧɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɭ ɪɚɫɫɭɞɤɚ. ɋɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɭɠɟ ɧɢɤɬɨ ɧɟ
ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧ ɜ ɦɧɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ: ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɭɠɟ, ɜ ɱɟɦ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬ
ɋɆɂ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɭ, ɋɆɂ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɫɫɵ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ „ɦɵ – ɨɧɢ”, ɝɞɟ „ɨɧɢ”
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɫ „ɱɭɠɢɦɢ”, ɬ.ɟ.
ɨɩɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɜɪɚɝɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɵ „ɜɪɚɝɚ”
ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɋɒȺ
ɢɥɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɚ) ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɱɭɠɨɝɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɭɝɪɨɡ, ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ, ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ, ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ. ȼɫɟɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɜɪɚɝɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ, ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɢ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ „ɦɵ”. ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ.
əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɢ „ɦɵ – ɨɧɢ”
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ. ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɪɹɞ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪ., ɨɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɬɪɟɜɨɝɚ,
________________
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http://www.ng.ru/ideas/2006-04-11/10_zapad.html
http://www.rg.ru/2007/07/19/rar.html
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http://www.ng.ru/ideas/2006-04-11/10_zapad.html
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http://www.novgaz.ru/data/2005/02/16.html
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http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2007/01/10.html
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Ʌ. Ɇ ɚ ɥ ɷ ɰ ɤ ɢ
ɩɚɧɢɤɚ. ɇɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ „ɫɬɪɚɯ” ɱɚɫɬɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ (ɭɠɚɫɚɸɳɢɣ, ɭɠɚɫɧɵɣ, ɩɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ). ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨ, ɧɚɩɪ., ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɥɟɤɫɢɤɭ (ɜɨɣɧɚ, ɛɟɡɧɚɤɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɝɨɧɤɚ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɲɩɢɨɧ, ɧɚɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɣɧɚ) ɢɥɢ ɚɞɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ (ɜɪɚɠɞɟɛɧɵɣ, ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ, ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɣ, ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ). Ⱦɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɭɝɪɨɡ. ȼɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɪɟɱɢɹɦɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɪɟɫɫɵ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ
ɩɪɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɪɟɱɢɣ, ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɟɱɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɬɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ (ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ), ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɣɤɨɦ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɧɟɣ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚɧɨɫɹɳɢɯ ɜɪɟɞ, ɧɚɩɪ. ɭɝɪɨɠɚɬɶ, ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɶ, ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ, ɧɚɩɚɫɬɶ,
ɩɨɞɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ (ɤ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦ), ɪɚɡɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɜɨɣɧɭ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶ (ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫɢɥ,
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ), ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɣɤɨɦ).
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɪɟɜɚɬɵɟ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪ. „ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ”, „ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɣɤɨɦ”, „ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɠɢɜɺɬ ɜ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɢ ɛɟɞɵ”, „(Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ) ɠɞɭɬ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɢ”, „ɩɨɞɫɬɭɩɢɬ ɤ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦ”, „ɋɒȺ ɪɚɡɜɹɠɭɬ ɜɨɣɧɭ”,
„ɜɨɡɶɦɭɬ (Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ) ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɥɶ”, „(Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) ɩɨɩɚɞɺɬ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ”, „(Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ)
ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɚ” ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ „ɫɬɪɚɯ” ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ „ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ”, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɦɭ-ɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɦɭ-ɬɨ (ɧɚɩɪ., ɜɡɹɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ,
ɭɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɺɧɧɵɦ,
ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ).
ɍɝɪɨɡɚ, ɜɪɚɝ, ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ, ɧɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɣɧɚ,
ɩɨɪɨɝ ɤɨɧɮɪɨɧɬɚɰɢɢ – ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɥɨɜ, ɭɦɟɥɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɗɦɨɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ…
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ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɭ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ (ɟɫɥɢ, ɬɨ...). ȼ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɨɧɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɤɚɭɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɧɚɩɪ.: „[...] ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ
«ɝɥɚɡ» ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɭ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɟɜ ɟɳɺ ɢ ɜ Ƚɪɭɡɢɢ, ɬɨ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɲɩɢɨɧɚ ɧɚ
ɸɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ” 69 ɢɥɢ „[...] ɟɫɥɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɸ, ɬɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɩɨɩɚɞɺɬ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚ ɜɫɸ ɫɜɨɸ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ”70.
ɉɨɞɵɬɨɠɢɜɚɹ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ, ɟɟ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɣ.
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɭɝɚɞɚɬɶ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɵ. ɋɮɚɛɪɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɋɆɂ
ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɫɬɪɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨ
„ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ” ɢ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɉɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ȼɟɪɧɚɪɞɚ ɒɨɭ: „ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯ,
ɤɬɨ ɟɺ ɛɨɢɬɫɹ”71.
ɇɵɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɋɆɂ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɨɛɜɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɩɭɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɋɆɂ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɰɟɥɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɭ.
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http://www.rg.ru/2007/04/25/balyevskii.html
http://www.subscribe.ru/archive/medi.news.online.inosmi/200706/12090515.html
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ɘ. ɓ ɟ ɪ ɛ ɚ ɬ ɵ ɯ, ɂɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ? ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ!!!, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2006, ɫ. 4.
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STUDIA ROSSICA POSNANIENSIA, vol. XXXV: 2010, pp. 123-131. ISBN 978-83-232-2247-7. ISSN 0081-6884.
Adam Mickiewicz University Press, PoznaĔ